Appreciation of Li Qingzhao's Sound Slow

Reading is an active process, which is regulated by readers according to different purposes to cultivate people's sentiment and improve their self-cultivation. The following is my appreciation of Li Qingzhao's Sound Slow. Welcome to share.

Li Qingzhao's slow whisper

Looking around, lonely and sad.

It's the hardest to stop breathing when it's warm and cold.

Three glasses of light wine, how can you object to his being late?

Guo Yan is very sad, but this is an old acquaintance.

Yellow flowers were piled all over the floor, withered and damaged. Who can pick them now?

Looking out the window, how can a person be dark?

Indus is raining in Mao Mao, dripping at dusk.

This time, what a sad sentence!

Content summary:

Li Qingzhao's Sound Slow is one of the few excellent ci poems in Song Dynasty. The first sentence boldly uses reduplication to win by surprise; Next, the sad mood is rendered layer by layer, expressing the hatred of national subjugation, the mourning of husband loss and the suffering of widowhood in a heartbreaking way; Words and sentences are painstakingly used to describe and show the beauty of action with sound; In terms of ideological content, it should be regarded as the true expression of the poet's sadness, hatred and heartbreak.

Appreciate:

Song Ci, like Tang Poetry, is a wonderful flower in China's cultural treasure house. Among the existing 20,000 Song Ci poems, there are numerous masterpieces and poets, but due to social and other reasons, there are not many female poets, and even fewer female poets can write famous works. There is no doubt that Li Qingzhao is outstanding. With her profound literary skills and delicate and sensitive feelings unique to women, she left many excellent works for later generations. There are many scholars who studied Li Qingzhao in later generations. Judging from the existing 100 research papers of Li Qingzhao, almost none of them do not involve slow voice. Among the existing 20,000 or so Song Ci poems, although Li Qingzhao's Slow Voice is not the best, it can be said that it is one of the few best Ci poems in the whole Song Dynasty.

Looking around, lonely and sad. It's the hardest to stop breathing when it's warm and cold. Three glasses of light wine, how can you go against him? Guo Yan is very sad, but this is an old acquaintance. Yellow flowers were piled all over the floor, withered and damaged. Who can pick them now? Looking out the window, how can you be black alone! Indus is raining in Mao Mao, dripping at dusk. This time, what a sad sentence!

This song "Slow Sound" is one of the masterpieces written by Li Qingzhao after crossing the south. Some people say it's her later work. ) Du Nan was a watershed in her life reversal. After the change of Jingkang, the nomads from Shanxi invaded the south, and her husband Zhao Mingcheng died unfortunately. Because it never rains but it pours: the country breaks down and the family dies, and the husband dies and others are injured. During this period, her works were no longer fresh, beautiful, optimistic and lively, but became gloomy and sad, mainly expressing her memory of her late husband Zhao Mingcheng and her lonely and desolate situation. After her husband was buried, she followed the exiled court from Jiankang to eastern Zhejiang and suffered from exile. Since then, she has become a widow and has been enduring loneliness. The hatred of national subjugation, the loss of her husband, and the pain of widowhood cannot be dismissed. She wrote Slow Voice with blood and tears.

First, use overlapping words to create amazing creativity.

The first sentence of this word is unusual, and seven groups of overlapping words are used in a row to trace her sad mood all day. "Searching" means that when you get up, you feel bored. When I lose something, I look around and want to find something to pin my emptiness and loneliness on. And "cold and clear" is the result of "looking for". Instead of getting nothing, I am surrounded by a lonely atmosphere and feel "sad and painful". The use of reduplicated words like this is unique not only in lyrics, but also in poems and songs. But the benefits don't stop there. These seven groups of overlapping words are also very musical. Song ci is used for singing, so the harmony of timbre is very important. Li Qingzhao has profound attainments in melody, so when these seven groups of overlapping words are read out, it feels like pearls of all sizes are poured on a plate of jade. I only feel that my tongue and tongue are singing back and forth repeatedly, wandering in the downturn, and being sad tactfully, as if I heard a very sad person whispering. However, before she spoke, she felt that she could make the audience feel her sadness, and when she finished, the sadness still did not dissipate. An inexplicable sadness permeates my heart, permeates the air, and lingers for a long time, with endless aftertaste. Later poets appreciated her creative use of reduplicated words. Luo Dajing said in He Lin Yu Lu: "It's amazing that a woman can be creative from seven words." Xu Hong's Ci Yuan Cong Tan commented: "The first sentence has fourteen overlapping words, which is really like pouring pearls of all sizes into a plate of jade."

Second, layers of rendering express sadness,

The next sentence is "It's the hardest to stop breathing when it's warm and cold". What season is "warm and cold at first"? Most people are used to using this sentence to describe the weather in early spring, but Li Qingzhao wrote autumn morning here. When the sun rises in the morning, it is called "warm and cold at first"; Han Xiao is still heavy, so it is called "still cold". "The hardest to rest" means "the hardest to recuperate". This sentence echoes the above "searching", which means that I don't know what to do from early in the morning. In a bad mood, coupled with the hot and cold weather, the poet can't even sleep. If you can sleep, you can escape the pain in a short time, but the more you want to sleep, the harder it is to sleep, so the poet naturally thinks of her dead husband.

"Three cups and two glasses of wine, how can the wind beat him?" . The popular version of "Xiao" is "late", and people think that this word is the writer's feeling at dusk for a period of time. Because the word "Xiao" and the word "dusk" cancel each other out, even if the word "Xiao" is used in Ci Zong and about a dozen versions before and after it, it has not attracted due attention. But Yu Pingbo and other experts think it should be "Xiao", because the word is written all day, not one night, and "Xiao Lai" coincides with "warm and cold". In addition, in Shi Mao, the ancients had the habit of drinking in the morning, which was called "holding the wine while holding the head". Qin Guan has a poem called "The Storm of Xiao Fengfeng" (the word "Le Chun", the word "Hai Huai Ci", Volume I). Although it is hard to say whether Li Qingzhao's "Little Lai Monsoon" is inspired by Qin sentences, it is certain that the sentences of Qin and Li Er are related to the poem "The wind is crazy at the end". There are two views on the theme of this article. One is that the preface of the poem says: "The last wind" also hurt Wei Zhongxiong. Forced by state violence, you can't be right when you see insults. "Second, Biography of the Book of Songs said:" Duke Zhuang was a violent man, and Zhuang Jiang Gai could not bear to denounce him, so he called it a storm. "Not to mention whether these two solutions are far-fetched, this allusion used by Li Qingzhao here is very consistent with her own life experience. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao Yanwei wrote Lu Yunren's Copy (Volume 14), and Li Qingzhao's Bachelor of Hanlin was written in the second year of Emperor Di (1 132). At that time, the author was forty-nine years old and remarried to Zhang Ruzhou. There is a sentence at the beginning: "If you invade and attack, you can read Liu Ling's ribs, but you can't punch Schleswig. "That is to say, after Li Qingzhao remarried, she was abused and humiliated by Zhang Ruzhou. There is another cloud at the beginning: "If you see clearly, you are not ashamed, but ashamed. It's hard to escape the ridicule through the ages, and it's hard to see the people of China and North Korea. Although the bamboo in Nanshan, how can we talk about it? Only the words of a wise man can stop rootless slander. "It should be said here that Li Qingzhao was slandered by people at that time because of the marriage and litigation, and begged Qin Chongli to stop slandering and restore his reputation. Li Qingzhao's experience is quite similar to Zhuang Jiang's, like Zhuang Jiang's, and compared with Xiaofeng's. At that time, the secret of Li Qingzhao and Zhuang Jiang might be considered disgraceful, so she secretly used its canon in her own poems, making it difficult for future generations to solve this mystery. In terms of training and interviews, The Storm at the End and Biography say: "Violence is also a disease." "Shu": "Xietian" says: "The wind is crazy at sunrise. "Sun Yan said,' If the clouds don't rise, a big storm will rise, but this is a sudden disease of the wind.' Therefore, the cloud disease is also. The meaning is clear. "Work at sunrise and rest at sunset" and "violent" are also interpreted as "diseases", so "violent" means "the wind is rushing at dawn". This allusion is very difficult to use. It is no exaggeration to say that he is a great craftsman.

The meaning of this sentence is that on this day, when the dark clouds are low and the wind is cold, I suddenly heard the moan of the lonely goose. The plaintive voice pierced the sky, once again piercing the poet's unhealed wound. Alas, Yan 'er, you are so sad and bitter. Are you widowed in old age like me? Like me, do you have to face Wan Li Mountain and Qian Shan Sunset Snow alone for the rest of your life? Under the delusion, in the misty tears, I suddenly feel that the lonely goose is the person who sent a love letter to himself before. There is nothing to do, flowers bloom and fall, and it seems familiar that Yan returns. The old love messenger is still there, but Qiu Niang and Xiao Lang separated after their death, and people and ghosts went their separate ways. Things are wrong, people are wrong, and tears flow first. How much unspeakable sadness this whimsy contains!

"Yellow flowers are all over the ground, withered and damaged. Who can pick it now? " Does the "haggard loss" here refer to yellow flowers or people? The correct explanation refers to people. "Yellow Flower Pile" means that chrysanthemums are in full bloom. I am haggard and emaciated because of sadness, and I have no intention to pick flowers. Only when I saw those chrysanthemums did I know that the flowers were haggard and the ground was red, without the elegance of "wine in the east fence, filled with faint fragrance after dusk" Before, when her husband was alive, he sang poems and sorted out ancient books. How wonderful, but now? I am the only one left in this endless loneliness. So things are different and people are completely different. "Old weather, old clothes, only feelings, not like the past." Facing the lonely geese and chrysanthemums alone, I feel even more desolate.

Urgent winds deceive people, light wine is useless, geese meet old friends, and chrysanthemums make new worries. "Look out the window, why are you alone?" How can I stay alone against the window until dark? Really bitter to the extreme. The night is still tough, so how will the long night be spent? Plain language contains a sad situation, which makes people think deeply. The most praised word in this sentence is "black", which was called "wonderful" by the ancients (Volume II of Ci Jing), and it was also said that "black" was not allowed for the second person to bet. Women are almost angry when they have this pen. "("Bai Yuzhai "Volume 7 quotes Zhang Zhiyu) and so on. In fact, this word is rare, or because the author wrote personal life experiences. According to reports, Li Qingzhao often separated from her husband shortly after marriage, and her husband was even more lonely after his death. For decades, she has spent many evenings and nights alone, so she has a unique feeling about the word "black", which implicitly and accurately expresses the author's suffering for most of her life.

Indus is raining in Mao Mao, dripping at dusk. "Very not easy to wait until dusk, but it began to rain. Bit by bit, tick by tick, the endless rain is as thin as sadness, which makes people more annoyed. Look at the two phoenix trees outside the house. Although they support each other in the wind and rain, they depend on each other, but in comparison, being alone is much more bleak. The leaves of plane trees fall, the autumn colors are gloomy, and the drizzle is decadent, which adds more melancholy. Here, the bleak scenery and painful mood blend together, making the artistic conception of ci more profound.

Sudden wind, showers, lonely geese, broken chrysanthemums, phoenix trees ... everything in front of us makes the poet's sadness and sorrow overlap until it is difficult to describe and express. Therefore, the poet no longer needs any comparison, any rendering, or anything better than Fu Xing, and simply says, "How can a sad word win this time?" Simple and straightforward, but more magical, more charming and more chewy. The word "this time" is so powerful that it stops at one stroke and summarizes the above situation; "How to get a sad word" goes a step further, opening a subtle realm that makes people think and think deeply. In contrast, even Li Houzhu's "How much sorrow can there be, just like a river flowing eastward" is slightly eclipsed. Although there is endless spring water in a river, it can be described after all. The poet's melancholy is indescribable, so he is naturally better. The poet sobbed all over the paper, and the pen wrote sorrow. Is there anything unspeakable besides "sadness"? This clearly reminds people that in addition to personal joys and sorrows, there are also "public" worries of the times, nationalities and countries. This conclusion can mobilize readers' ideological activities, thus expanding and deepening the theme, and has the artistic effect of "nine folds of ileum still exist" Liu Tiren commented in Essays on Seven Odes Hall: "Easy-to-live laity is the most difficult to lose interest" and "How to get a sad word" is profound and elegant, without losing garlic cheese or quatrains. Really, they should be the first people in this industry. "

3. Use sound description to show the beauty of music.

Throughout Li Qingzhao's The Sound Slow, it has reached a certain height, both from the artistic point of view and from the aspect of diction and sentence making. The predecessors unanimously praised the author for creatively using so many overlapping words. Liang Shaoren said in "Two Essays on Qiuyu Temple": "Yi Lee's An Ci is' looking for it, cold and clear, sad and miserable', and even fourteen overlapping words are surprisingly successful, which is incredible." . Later, many lyrics and songs imitated this writing, which was not as surprising and natural as she used. Words such as "guarding the window" and "how can one be dark" are almost pure vernacular, describing ordinary daily life, but they typically show the lonely life situation of the author in his later years. The tone of the word is named "slow voice", so it pays special attention to tone. A large number of disyllabic rhyming words, such as "will rest, sadness, yellow flower, gaunt, more, dusk, Didi", are all disyllabic; Cold and cheerless, cold and warm, light and shade are all rhymes. Li Qingzhao advocated distinguishing five tones in her ci. This word uses a lot of dental sounds and tongue sounds: dental sounds 4 1 word, tongue sounds 16 word, and * * * 57 words, accounting for more than half of the whole word. Especially at the end of the article, "phoenix tree is raining, dripping at dusk." This time, what a sad sentence! " In more than 20 words, the sounds of tongue and teeth overlap, which seems to be a deliberate expression of melancholy and dreamy mood in the tone of Ding Ning, a rodent. These, after dismal management, have no traces of carving. At the same time, his exquisite conception and peculiar brushwork also make people admire his artistic skill.

Blood and tears break your heart.

Of course, to measure the quality of a work is inseparable from the concrete analysis of its ideological content. In the past, there was a sharp contradiction between too much criticism or denial of its ideological content and high appreciation of its artistic form in a considerable number of comments on Slow Voice. It is necessary to give high praise to the artistic form or artistry of this word, but it would be a mistake to belittle its ideological connotation. The word ideology is not new. If we continue to use this word today, it seems unnecessary to judge a work by its so-called ideological height or the author's class, stratum and world outlook. It is true that in The Sound Slow, we can't hear the fighting sound of the "horn of the times" demanded by some commentators, but what we hear is the "sad" cry of wild geese and the harsh sound of rain hitting Qiu Tong; What I saw was not the author's "light wine" at dusk (Xin Qiji's word "broken array"), but an old Xu Niang's "light wine" that struggled to resist the cold alone, as well as yellow flowers and tung leaves falling in the rain. The author himself is not a hero like "the immortal", but he used to be a veritable "your son"-the daughter of Yuanwailang, the minister of rites, and the daughter-in-law of Quan Xiang. However, this fixed attribute of things is often difficult to explain things themselves, at least it is difficult to fully and accurately grasp the dynamic and complex internal structure of things. Therefore, to read this word, we must first overcome the mechanical practice of checking classes and determining compositions. For a woman with status, talent or good looks who lived in feudal times, the more brilliant her thoughts are, the more just and bold her actions will be, and the more she will be criticized. This is the fate of Li Qingzhao and some of her works. Strangely, the word "slow voice" in Chronicle of Linz and Comments on Ci Comprehensive Couples (Volume 19) is sometimes criticized by people, but it is only said to be "deliberately propagated" (Poetry of Celebrities in Past Dynasties (Volume 11) and "not high-profile" (White Jade Blossoms (Volume 1)). Nowadays, people are very picky about it. They used to criticize it easily, even saying that it was "the funeral of aristocratic women" and had "toxic and corrosive effects" and so on. Of course, there are some exaggerated and deliberately exaggerated words in the past dynasties. For example, the following three sentences in "Crossing the Wild Goose", just like Zhu Dunru's "Seeing the Wild Goose Every Year, Fourteen Times" (Zhu Dunru's "Linjiang Fairy"), all express the despair of recovery; Saying "the phoenix tree is raining" to slapping a few words is the same as Zhang Yan's "the phoenix tree is only a leaf, and I don't know how many autumn sounds" (Zhang Yan's "Qing Ping Le"), which shows the author's sadness about current events; It is also said that this sentence of Li Qingzhao expresses her patriotic passion more deeply than her poems. Although the above views can't be said to be worthless, they are generally unconvincing. Judging from numerous comments, the most pertinent thing is what Liang Qichao said in "The Emotion Expressed in China's Verses": "I can't appreciate the solitude; Therefore, every word, every tear, is swallowed in one gulp. "

In a word, Li Qingzhao's "The Sound Slow" is a farewell poem, which embodies the poet's sadness, hatred and heartbreak over the national subjugation and the strong death of her husband in the Northern Song Dynasty. His blood and tears were so touching that the annotator even recognized it as the author's "eulogy" in his later period. It shows a poetess's extremely keen and delicate sense of language and is full of wonderful understanding. It can be said that it is a specimen of the fusion of deep life experience and vivid linguistics. Li Qingzhao deserves to be called Li Qingzhao, and Yi 'an Ci deserves to be called Yi 'an Ci.

Expanding Reading: Appreciation of Li Qingzhao's Dream Poems in Song Dynasty

well

Li Qingzhao in Northern Song Dynasty

Always remember Xiting ① dusk, intoxicated ② I don't know my way home.

Xing Jing (3) returned to the boat late and strayed into the depths of the lotus (4).

Fight for the ferry, fight for the ferry (5), and open the gull heron pool.

To annotate ...

(1) Xiting: A pavilion by the stream.

② chén drunk: drunk.

3 fatigue: type satisfaction.

4 Lotus: Lotus.

⑤ Crossing: How to row the boat out; Controversy: how.

translate

What a happy day it was! Drunk, at dusk, boating into the depths of the lotus, alarmed the waterfowl and flew straight. How can a poet not satisfy his cheerful heart with such beautiful scenery?

Make an appreciative comment

This is a poem recalling the past. A few words seem to pop up at random, but in fact they are as precious as gold, and every sentence contains profound meaning. The first two sentences, write intoxicated and excited mood. Then write "Xing Jin" and go home, "straying into the depths of the lotus pond", which is even more fascinating. The last sentence, innocence, endless.

The phrase "Chang Ji" is plain, natural and harmonious, which naturally leads readers to the realm of words she created. "Long Ji" clearly stated that the location was "Xiting" and the time was "Sunset". After the party, the author was too drunk to recognize the way back. The word "intoxicated" expresses the author's inner joy, and "I don't know the way home" also conveys the author's lingering feelings with twists and turns. It seems that this is a very pleasant trip and left a deep impression on the author. Sure enough, the following two sentences "Xing Jin" took this interest to a higher level, and Xing Jin returned to the ship. So, what about Xing Jin? It just means that you are interested and don't want to go back to the boat. The sentence of "going astray" is fluent and natural, and there is no trace of axe chisel. It echoes the previous sentence of "I don't know the way back" and shows the hero's forgetfulness.

There is a boat swaying among the blooming lotus flowers, and there are young talented women on board. Such a beautiful scenery suddenly jumped out of the paper. Two "struggles" in a row express the anxiety of the protagonist who is eager to find a way out from the lost road. It is precisely because of the "struggle for crossing" that "a beach of gulls and herons was awakened", scaring off all the waterfowl parked on the island. At this point, the words came to an abrupt end, and the words were not exhausted, which was intriguing.

The words in this poem are concise, only a few fragments are selected, and the touching scenery and the author's happy mood are combined to write the author's good mood when he was young, which makes people want to go boating with her and indulge in it. As the saying goes, "the feelings of teenagers are born", this poem is not carved, but full of natural beauty.

This was written by Li Qingzhao when she recalled going abroad.

Brief introduction of the author

Li Qingzhao, a native of Zhangqiu, Jinan (now Zhangqiu, Shandong), was an outstanding poetess in the Song Dynasty and the most accomplished female writer in the history of literature.