What other mysteries do you know about plants?

1 How did the world's first seed come into being? The first seed in the world was not given by God to mankind, but evolved from four abiotic elements: nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen and carbon. Six billion years ago, with the change of environment, the elements on the earth were constantly undergoing various chemical changes such as combination and decomposition. More than three billion years ago, cells appeared on the earth. After about 2 billion years, these cells formed a complete nucleus. More than 600 million years ago, algae plants on the earth only grew in water. After more than 200 million years, great changes have taken place on the earth. As the land rises and the sea falls, many aquatic plants are forced to enter the swamp. In order to survive, aquatic plants gradually got rid of the shackles of water and gradually adapted to the survival on land, so they became the first aquatic plants to land. Naked fern is the most primitive terrestrial plant. With continuous evolution, they formed special organs. After a period of time, some plants began to reproduce with spores, and spore plants began to be unisexual. Later, some plants appeared two kinds of spores with different sizes and sexes. When female spores combine with male spores, they develop into seeds. This is how the first seed in the world was born.

2. Will plants change sex? Some plants are dioecious and cannot change their sex, but some monoecious plants can change their sex, and spinach is one of them. Under the influence of high temperature, female spinach will become male spinach. What is even more surprising is that papaya will change its gender after being injured. Moreover, if some plants have just bloomed or their fruits have been picked, they will also become angry. Why is this? It turns out that plants contain hormones just like people. Under normal circumstances, hormones can stabilize the sex of plants. However, if the environment changes, drought, sunshine changes and plants are damaged, the secretion of hormones will be disordered, which will directly lead to the change of plant sex. After long-term observation, scientists have found that there are certain laws in plant degradation: under the favorable environmental conditions such as temperature and moisture, plants will become female; When the environment deteriorates, plants will become masculine.

3. Can people talk to plants? In 1970s, while studying the drought resistance of plants, an Australian scientist accidentally discovered that plants suffering from severe drought would make a "click, click" sound, which caused a great sensation in the scientific community. Later, two scientists from Canada and the United States did an experiment. They installed an eavesdropping device on the corn stalk and connected it to the computer. Experiments show that when plants can't get the water they need from the soil, they will absorb water from the stem tissue and produce an ultrasonic noise, just like the sound of "calling for help". After discovering the language of plants, people can talk to plants. A few years ago, Moldavia Academy of Sciences of the former Soviet Union made an information measurement integration device to enable human beings to talk with plants. Through the synchronous translation of this instrument, biologists, plant pathologists, cytologists, geneticists, biophysicists, meteorologists, chemists, physicists and software scientists who were present at that time all had dialogues with plants. It no longer seems impossible for people to talk to plants. What is ultrasound? Ultrasonic wave is a kind of sound wave that exceeds the highest frequency (2000 Hz) that people can hear. This kind of sound wave propagates approximately in a straight line and has strong penetrating power. Doctors use ultrasound to make medical diagnosis. In addition, bats in the animal kingdom also fly by emitting ultrasonic waves.

Will the roots of plants find their own food? The roots of plants can be divided into three types: straight roots, fibrous roots and storage roots. The roots of plants have two functions: one is to fix plants, and the other is to absorb water and dissolve nutrients in water. In order to survive, the roots of plants will grow in the direction of nutrition Someone has done this experiment: put a piece of fertilizer in the center of jelly and plant a few germinated seeds around it. After three or four days, all the roots will extend around the central fertilizer. This experiment shows that the roots of plants will find their own nutrition. The roots of most plants extend to places where there is "food". Among them, the roots of very few plants have evolved into "walking" plants without food. There is a cactus in the hot desert of South America. When it can't find water at home, its roots will shrink to the ground, looking for moist soil under the wind. Once it finds the right environment, it will take root there. There is also a tree of awakening lifestyle. Plants with deepest and shallowest roots: As the saying goes, "How high a tree is, how deep its roots are". The root of duckweed floating on the water is less than1cm; There is a fig tree in South Africa. It is estimated that its roots are underground 120 meters deep. If you hang it in the air, it will be as high as 40 stories! It is estimated that the root of this plant is the deepest in the world.

5. What is the fastest growing plant? From the perspective of horizontal growth, the fastest growing paulownia has grown for 7 years with a trunk diameter of 50 cm. In terms of vertical growth, eucalyptus in New Guinea has the fastest growth rate, which can grow 8 meters per year. The average daily growth height of Phyllostachys pubescens is the fastest. Bamboo shoots can be produced in 40-50 days, and the height of bamboo shoots is12m. However, once Phyllostachys pubescens grows, it no longer grows tall. As far as the growth time of bamboo shoots is concerned, the growth speed of bamboo shoots is very fast after rain, because the stems of bamboo shoots are different from other plants. Ordinary plants can only grow at the top of the stem, while bamboo shoots are divided into many nodes, and each node can grow at the same time. If a bamboo shoot has 50 nodes, its growth rate is 50 times that of other plants. Bamboo grows fast, but it is not thick. Because there is a layer of cells called cambium in the trunk of a tree, these cells constantly divide into new cells around, making the tree thicker. Bamboo has no cambium, so it can only grow tall, not thick.

6. Are there any plants that can drive away mice? When mice are worried, it is also called medicinal pouring pot, which is a very famous plant to drive away mice. Medicinal inverted basin is a biennial medicinal plant belonging to Lithospermaceae, which is mainly distributed in Europe and northern Asia. When its plants are dried in the sun, they will give off a smell that rats can't stand. Once they smell the smell, the mouse will run away at once, let alone get close to it. Even some mice would rather drown themselves than smell them for a long time when they encounter "mice are worried". Plants that can drive away mice are called "plant cats". After long-term research, scientists have found that in addition to "worrying mice", there are coriander, yellow hair and konjac in the plant kingdom, all of which release special smells, making mice reluctant to get close. According to this feature, people usually put them in granaries to prevent mice from approaching. Why mice are afraid of cats: mice are afraid of cats because cats will eat them, while cats like to eat mice and fish, mainly because mice and fish contain a ketone element that can enhance cats' night vision. In order to survive, cats must catch one from each mouse.

7. Why is there Arbor Day every month in the world? Plants play a very important role. It can be said that plants are the decisive factor for human survival on the earth, so afforestation is also a major event for human beings to benefit themselves. Arbor Day is basically held every month in the world. Let's have a look! 65438+ 10 month: Malaya, Jordan; February: Spain; March: China, France, Sweden; April: United States, Japan, Germany, North Korea; May: Canada, Australia; June: Myanmar; July: India, Nepal; August: New Zealand, Pakistan; September: Thailand, Philippines; 10 month: Colombia and Cuba; 165438+1October: Britain, Singapore, Italy; 65438+February: Indonesia, Lebanon. Arbor Day in China is scheduled for March 12, because trees are easy to survive after being stung, and this day is also the day when Dr. Sun Yat-sen died.

8. Will the tree "have a fever": If the tree lacks water, it will get sick, and its body temperature will rise because of lack of water. If you measure the body temperature of a tree with precision instruments, you will find that it is changeable, and the body temperature of different parts is different. The temperature change of leaves is the most obvious. During the day, the temperature of leaves is mainly regulated by transpiration. When there is enough water in the soil, transpiration is obvious and leaf temperature will decrease; When the water in the soil is insufficient, the leaves have to close the stomata in the sun because of the lack of water, so the transpiration will be weakened and the leaf temperature will rise. Sick trees will raise their body temperature like people, but when people are sick, they usually have a serious fever at night and a fever in the morning; On the contrary, trees have the worst fever in the morning. According to the phenomenon that trees will have a fever, rangers can judge which forest is sick according to the temperature of trees, so as to take effective treatment measures in time.

9. Why are mangroves known as "coastal guards"? At the seaside, you will see some trees immersed in seawater, which will be violently impacted by tides from time to time, but they can grow very luxuriantly. Mangroves are one of them. It is a veritable "Coast Guard". The roots of mangroves are very strange. Column roots, plate roots and aerial roots are criss-crossed and intertwined. These roots are partially exposed and breathe the air on the water surface; Part of it is firmly inserted into the mud on the beach to fix the plants. Due to the special breeding habits and strong roots of mangroves, dense mangroves can form a "Great Wall" along the coast, which can resist wind and waves and strengthen dikes and revetments. At the same time, mangroves constantly fix seawater sediments, and together with the accumulation of fallen leaves, bird droppings and other substances, form new land. Mangroves also provide habitats for coastal birds, fish and shrimp, thus becoming a base for maintaining coastal ecological balance. Therefore, we call mangroves "coastal guards". Mangroves are not afraid of high salinity seawater: mangrove leaves are thick, which can reflect sunlight and reduce transpiration, and the back of leaves is close to short fluff, which can prevent seawater immersion; At the same time, there are many small holes in the leaves, which can discharge too much salt from the body, so mangroves can resist seawater immersion and tsunami impact.

10. Where does the world's "only child" grow in China? Many species in the world are endangered, but only one tree species is rare. There is only one Putuo carp tree in the world on Putuo Mountain in the East China Sea, one of the four Buddhist resorts in China. This tree is about 200 years old and grows on the western hillside of Puhui Temple at an altitude of 260 meters. From the outside, it's not amazing. It is about 13 m high, with a trunk diameter of 63.7 cm, gray bark, oval leaves and serrated edges. 1930 In May, Professor Zhong Guangguang, a famous plant taxonomist in China, discovered this kind of tree on Mount Putuo, which was not uncommon at that time. 1932, forestry scientist Zheng named this tree species Putuo Carpinus. Until the 1950s, there were many such trees, but later, due to man-made logging and various natural factors, there was only one Putuo carp left. In order to prevent the extinction of Carpinus putuo, researchers in Hangzhou Botanical Garden have cultivated a large number of Carpinus putuo seedlings through sowing and asexual propagation, which is expected to be planted in a large area in the future. Which plants are endemic to China: among gymnosperms, such as Ginkgo biloba, Metasequoia glyptostroboides and Cryptomeria fortunei. , are unique to China; Among angiosperms, Davidia involucrata, Camptotheca acuminata, ornamental tree, water green tree and Liriodendron chinense are all endemic to China.

1 1. Why is there a forest fire? The forest is very big, and most of it is connected. There are many litters, weeds and bushes in it, and a little spark will ignite a raging fire. If the climate is dry and there is a thunderstorm season, the treetops of big trees in the forest are easily hit by lightning and catch fire, causing fires. Another cause of the disaster is that the temperature of underground peat layer is too high, which leads to underground fire. According to the research of scientists, some trees may release an unknown volatile gas, which will catch fire under certain conditions. There is a fresh white tree in Tianshan area of Xinjiang, China, and its leaves contain ether. The ignition point of ether is very low. When the white fairy tree fruit is ripe, the ether content also reaches saturation. If the sunshine is strong here, the white fairy tree will spontaneously ignite. In some forests of Southeast Asian countries, there is a kind of Ericaceae plant "Woodwatcher", whose flowers, stems and leaves are rich in aromatic oil. When the sun shines directly, a large amount of aromatic oil will evaporate. If the temperature continues to rise, Woodwatcher will spontaneously ignite. |

12. Can red leaves be used for photosynthesis? Plants must absorb nutrients through photosynthesis to grow, and chlorophyll is the key substance of photosynthesis. But some plants have red leaves, such as amaranth, begonia and sugar radish. How do they carry out photosynthesis? It turns out that these red leaves also contain chlorophyll, but too much anthocyanin masks chlorophyll. If these leaves are heated in water, they will turn green, because anthocyanins are soluble in water and chlorophyll is insoluble in water, which proves that red leaves contain chlorophyll. Many plants that grow on the seabed, such as kelp and laver, are usually brown or red. They contain chlorophyll like plants on land, but the green color is covered by another pigment-phycoerythrin or phycoerythrin.

13, why do you put the fruit in a big bag? In the process of fruit growth, putting young fruits in special bags is called fruit bagging. This technology has been applied in the cultivation of apples, pears, peaches, grapes, bananas and other fruits, and it is an important means to improve the quality of fruits and popularize pollution-free fruits. So what are the benefits of fruit bagging? First, protect fruits from pests. Practice has proved that bagging can greatly reduce the rotten fruit rate caused by pest invasion; Second, promote fruit coloring. Bagging can make the fruits of red varieties bright in color; Third, avoid rust spots on the surface of fruits; Fourthly, the spraying times can be reduced; Fifth, avoid spraying pesticides directly on the surface of fruits to reduce pesticide residues on the surface of fruits. Fruit bags are special, divided into single layer and double layer. It must be bagged when there is no dew. The bagging time of different fruits is different, such as oranges in mid-June and July, peaches and pears in mid-May, and grapes in mid-May. Watering the bag once before picking it can prevent the fruit from being sunburned by the sun. After picking the bag, it should be put into storage in time.

14. Why are there more oranges in the south and more apples in the north? The growth of any plant is related to the environment. Plants can only grow in a suitable environment, just as oranges are mostly planted in the south and apples are planted in the north. Citrus trees and apple trees are two different plants, and they need different environments to grow. Citrus trees are native to south-central China, and they like the hot and humid climate. Citrus trees will be frostbitten if they stay below 0℃ for a long time. Only when the annual average temperature is above 15℃ can it be cultivated smoothly. It needs air humidity of 75% and annual rainfall of 1000 ~ 2000 mm, which are not available in the north. Apple trees are just the opposite of oranges. It is suitable for areas with dry summer and low temperature, and has strong cold tolerance. It takes two months of low temperature in winter to break dormancy and resume growth. These conditions are fully available in Shaanxi, Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning, Gansu and other provinces, especially Weibei, Shaanxi, which is an ideal place for apple growth. Of course, this situation is not absolute. Some areas, such as Guangdong and Fujian, were previously considered as forbidden areas for apple trees, and apple trees were also planted. Why do some football and tennis players eat bananas before the game? This is helpful for on-the-spot performance, because the sugar in bananas can be quickly converted into glucose, which is immediately absorbed by the human body and is a rapid energy source. In addition, bananas are high-potassium foods, and potassium ions can enhance muscle strength and endurance, so they are especially loved by athletes.

15. How is seedless watermelon cultivated? Biologists have found that there are three types of chromosomes in plants: haploid, diploid and triploid. Haploid only exists in pollen and egg cells; Cells are diploid plants, which can be passed down from generation to generation and grow seeds; If the cell is triploid, it will not seed; The so-called seedless watermelon is to cultivate seedless watermelon by using the principle that triploid can not form seeds. There are 22 chromosomes in the somatic cells of common watermelon, which can be matched into 1 1 pairs, that is, 1 1 pairs of homologous chromosomes, which can produce normal pollen and ovules and normal seeds. In order to obtain triploid watermelon seeds, scientists obtained autotetraploid (containing 44 chromosomes) by colchicine treatment, and then used tetraploid watermelon as mother and common (diploid) as father to obtain triploid watermelon, namely seedless watermelon. This kind of watermelon can not only avoid the trouble of spitting seeds, but also concentrate nutrients on the melon meat, greatly improving the quality. How to Cultivate Wine-flavored Watermelon: "Wine-flavored Watermelon" from an American gardener has a very special cultivation method. When the watermelon begins to grow, use a wick, one end is soaked in wine, and the other end is connected to the incision of the melon vine and sealed with plaster. When the watermelon is ripe, cut the watermelon, and the wine smells fragrant and has a unique flavor.

16, what kind of watermelon is a mature watermelon: watermelon contains 93% water, and there is a lot of water in the fruit. Watermelon juice is rich in vitamin C, fructose, fruit acid, glucose and other nutrients, which is a good product to relieve summer heat and quench thirst. However, raw watermelon is stiff and tasteless. So, how can we distinguish ripe watermelons? There are three ways to distinguish watermelons. First look at the appearance. If the surface of watermelon is smooth and bright without fine hairs, and one side of the pedicel sinks, and the skin stuck in the soil turns yellow, the watermelon may be ripe. Second, listen to the sound. Playing watermelon with your fingers is very loud, and it sounds like playing wooden fish. Third, look at the ups and downs. Put the watermelon in the water and press it. It must be a ripe melon. Watermelon grows close to the ground, and there are many bacteria and dirty things on it. Be sure to wash the watermelon skin before cutting. Was watermelon first produced in China? China is the largest producer of watermelon in the world, but watermelon did not originate in China. As early as 4,000 years ago, Egyptians began to grow watermelons, which were later spread from the Mediterranean coast to northern Europe and then south to the Middle East, India and other places. It was introduced into China from the Western Regions in the 4th and 5th centuries, so it was called "watermelon".

17. Why is the lower part of sugarcane sweeter than the upper part? Sugarcane is a tropical and subtropical crop, which has the characteristics of high temperature, large water demand, high fertilizer absorption and long growth period. Its demand for heat is particularly high. If the lowest temperature in winter is lower than 0℃, it may suffer from freezing injury. Valley plains and deltas with good hydrothermal conditions in the south of China are suitable areas for planting sugarcane. Autumn is the season to eat sugar cane. When eating sugar cane, the children scrambled to eat the next paragraph. Do you know why? This is because the lower part of mature sugarcane is sweeter than the upper part. Sugarcane should consume nutrients continuously during its growth, and it is not sweet when it is immature. After ripening, more sugar will be produced. Mature sugarcane will no longer consume nutrients, and excess sugar will be stored in the lower part of sugarcane. In addition, due to the photosynthesis of sugarcane through leaves, the leaves need to absorb a lot of water, so most of the water in sugarcane itself is stored near the leaves, while there are fewer leaves in the roots, so the sugar concentration in the roots is relatively high, so the lower part of sugarcane is sweeter than the upper part. What are the benefits of sugar cane to the body? Sugarcane juice has the effects of relieving fever, quenching thirst, promoting fluid production, moistening throat, invigorating spleen and stomach, and promoting diuresis and nourishing, and can be used for dry mouth, insufficient body fluid, dysuria, constipation, nausea and vomiting, dyspepsia, fever and thirst.

18, why pollen makes people sick: Some people get very strange diseases at a fixed time every spring. Suicide faces were covered with red pox, and they kept crying, running nose and panting. But after a while, it will be fine without taking medicine or injections. These "germs" that joke with humans are actually pollen. As we all know, there are pistils and stamens in petals, and there are many tiny pollen on pistils. When flowers are in full bloom, insects such as bees and butterflies will fly to pollinate. Wind can also help flowers pollinate, but some pollen will be blown to people's skin by wind, affecting people who are allergic to pollen. Through the joint research of botanists and medical scientists, it is found that some pollen contains a special kind of protein, and this kind of protein can cause allergic reactions in some people. To prevent "hay fever", we must know what kind of flower powder can cause allergies. If you are allergic to pollen and don't know what pollen you are allergic to, you can put a piece of glass coated with vaseline on your windowsill and collect the pollen on it. After confirming what kind of pollen it is, use this pollen as a vaccine and inject it into the body in advance like vaccinia, so that you won't get this disease again. How pollen is transformed into honey: the mouthparts of bees are like a retractable straw. When collecting honey, stretch the straw and suck the nectar into the honey stomach. Bees have fluff, which will stick to pollen. Bees mix nectar and pollen, knead them into small pollen balls and put them in the "pollen basket" on their hind feet. All bees feed on pollen and nectar, which can be converted into honey in the digestive tract.

19, why do you often change the soil for potted flowers? When planting potted flowers, water and fertilize the flowers frequently, so that the flowers can continuously absorb the water and nutrients in the soil, but after a long time, the soil will harden. At this time, it is necessary to change the soil for the potted plants. When the flowers in the flowerpot grow up, the space in the flowerpot is not enough for the roots of the flowers to grow, so we should change the flowers into larger flowerpots in time. Flowers growing in nature don't need to loosen the soil, because earthworms, beetles and other animals in nature will consciously improve their soil environment.

20. Does the flower have an "age": the age of a person is one year old; A tree is the same age. It takes 365 days to grow a year. However, do you know that flowers have an "age"? No, why? It turns out that no flower can bloom for a year without fading, so a flower can only be counted by days and hours instead of its "year" age. Orchid is a tropical flower, which can bloom for about 80 days, and it is already the oldest flower; Cycas can bloom for about 50 days, Dendrobium can bloom for about 30 days; Peony, one of the top ten famous flowers in China, can only bloom for a few days; The famous Wang Lian only blooms for two days. There are shorter flowering time, which can only be calculated by hours, such as morning glory, hibiscus and epiphyllum, which will wither after a few hours; The shortest wheat flower, which people don't pay attention to, lasts only 5 minutes to half an hour.

2 1. How do flower buds spend the winter? If the weather is very cold, ice crystals appear in the cells of flower buds, and when the cell membrane breaks, plants will die. However, two scientists from Jiwen Institute in Sapporo, Japan, did an experiment. They used miniature thermometers to detect the temperature of some wintering buds of rhododendrons. The temperature of the flower bud dropped below freezing point, but the flower bud did not die, even when it reached MINUS 30℃, the flower bud was still safe and sound. What methods did Huaya use to protect herself? It turns out that the flower bud cells undergo dehydration, and the dehydrated water penetrates into the outer cells of the flower bud, so that ice crystals only exist in the gaps of the outer cells and cannot harm the inside of the flower bud. In this way, the cold is defeated in front of the small bud and can no longer hurt the bud. Spring has come and the temperature has risen. The water in the outer layer returns to the inside of the flower bud, and the flower bud can awaken and germinate under the moisture of spring. What is flower bud differentiation? Flower bud differentiation refers to the process that the growing point of plant stems changes from leaves and leaf buds to inflorescences or flowers. Flower bud differentiation can generally be divided into two stages: physiological differentiation and morphological differentiation. The process that the growing point in a bud changes into a flower bud in a physiological state is called physiological differentiation, and the state that the flower bud physiological differentiation is completed is called flower bud differentiation. In addition, the morphological change process of flower bud development is called morphological differentiation.

22. Why can daffodils bloom only by drinking water? In the winter when flowers are dying, if you can look at a graceful daffodil in clear water, you will feel refreshed. Why do daffodils grow green leaves and smell delicious only with some water and no soil? Ordinary plants need to absorb nutrients from the soil to survive, while narcissus is a perennial bulbous plant, so it doesn't need soil. Its growth process is also different from ordinary flowers. Every autumn, when the bulbs of daffodils are planted in the soil, they will grow leaves. In the summer of the following year, the bulbs that have grown for one year are dug out and stored in a cool, dry and ventilated place, and planted in the soil in autumn. Do this for five years, and you will grow into a big light bulb. The daffodil "seed" we bought at the flower market is this kind of big bulb. Because it has grown in the soil for 5 years and stored a lot of nutrients, as long as it is clean, it can grow leaves and bloom. Large bulbs grow quickly in clean water. After a few days, it can grow leaves and gradually produce beautiful and fragrant flowers. Some careful flower farmers will also use it to make colorful flower shapes. Note: Narcissus is poisonous. Wash your hands after touching the daffodils. Families with children should pay more attention to it. It's best to put daffodils where children can't reach them. Remember not to let children touch narcissus bulbs, and don't eat them by mistake. Once eaten in large quantities, it will cause vomiting, abdominal pain, fainting and other symptoms, and sometimes even life-threatening.

23. Why is Xuelian not afraid of Leng Xue? The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is called "the roof of the world". The mountains are covered with snow all year round, and it will always be a world wrapped in silver. Above 5000 meters above sea level, only some lichens with particularly strong vitality can be seen. But in July, you can see saussurea involucrata in full bloom. Different plants have different growing seasons and flowering habits. Taking Chimonanthus praecox as an example, 0℃ is the most suitable temperature for its flowering, so Chimonanthus praecox blooms in winter. Why can enchanting lotus flowers bloom in the ice and snow? The plants of Saussurea involucrata are very short, so they can stick to the ground and stubbornly avoid the strong wind on the mountain. Its root system is very developed and can be deeply embedded in the soil between rocks to absorb more water and nutrients. Snow lotus is also covered with a white coat, and thick fluff wraps it from stem to leaf, which is both cold-proof and moisturizing. At the same time, Saussurea involucrata contains a lot of sugar, so even if the temperature drops below 0℃, it will not freeze. Saussurea involucrata is a valuable Chinese herbal medicine, which has the effects of dispelling cold and resolving phlegm, strengthening yang and enriching blood, and treating spleen deficiency. What flowers will bloom in winter? Many flowers bloom in winter, such as rhododendron, camellia, Chimonanthus praecox, triangle flower, poinsettia, Clivia, bird of paradise and so on. Of course, you can count fireworks if you like.

24. Do you know the dancing grass? A small shrub can be seen in the mountain bushes in Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces of China. When people talk or sing to it, its small leaves will dance from side to side, which is very rhythmic, just like hearing your voice dancing, so people call it "dancing grass". Dancing grass, also known as dancing grass, lover grass, windless automatic grass, passionate grass, wind grass, courtship grass, etc. It is a perennial woody plant with a small shrub. Height1.5m, compound leaves, 3 leaflets. The terminal leaflets are oblong to lanceolate, and the lateral leaflets are very small, oblong to elongated, generally about 2 cm long. Lateral leaflets often rotate obviously, sometimes the leaflets close at the same time, and then slowly separate and expand; Sometimes one piece moves up and the other piece moves down, and the leaflets of the same plant can rotate at the same time, fast and slow, up and down, up and down, just like the dancers on the dance floor, with a moving rhythm. The phenomenon of dancing grass is rare in the plant kingdom. It is not like the earthquake-sensitive movement of mimosa caused by mechanical stimulation, nor like the insect-catching action of rope grass, but a very special movement.

25. Why is dandelion furry? Dandelion is a kind of grass that can be seen everywhere. Also known as Huanghua Temple and Huangdiandi. In summer, dandelion produces many small yellow flowers. After flowering, each small flower bears many light and small fruits with a tuft of fluffy white hairs at the top. They get together and form a furry "fruit ball". A gust of wind blew, and the little hairballs flew around, looking like a group of small parachutes. At this time, dandelion fruit can take the wind to settle in many places. Many people think that what floats in the air is the seed of dandelion, but it is actually its fruit. Dandelion seedlings contain a variety of nutrients, which can be fried or made into cold dishes. At the same time, it is also a traditional Chinese medicine, which is not only a good medicine for diuresis, but also has a good effect on indigestion and constipation. Its leaves can improve eczema and relieve dermatitis; Decocting flowers into juice can remove spots; Roots have anti-inflammatory effect, can be dried and ground into powder, and can be used as a substitute for coffee.

26. Why Coptis chinensis is particularly bitter: As the saying goes, "Coptis chinensis is bitter in heart", "Dumb people eat Coptis chinensis, but they can't tell if they are bitter". But how bitter is Coptis chinensis? Let's do an experiment: put a small piece of coptis chinensis into clear water, and after a while, you will find that the clear water turns pale yellow, which is the worship of berberine. Berberine is an alkaloid, which causes the bitter taste of Rhizoma Coptidis. Berberine is also contained in plants such as Huangnie and Mahonia. Because berberine is easily soluble in water, it is generally not necessary to soak Rhizoma Coptidis in water, but to dry it. How bitter is berberine? Someone has done experiments, 1 g berberine with 250,000 g water. This plan is still bitter. Although Rhizoma Coptidis is bitter, it is a good medicinal material, and it is indispensable for people to get enteritis, dysentery and get angry. Growth habit of Coptis chinensis: Coptis chinensis is a perennial herb, distributed in Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Shaanxi and other places. Huang Lianxi is cloudy, so it can only grow in the shade of mountains or valleys. It is an endangered species under national third-class protection, among which Coptis Emei is a national second-class protected species.

27. Why can leeks be harvested many times? Leek is a unique vegetable in China. It has high nutritional value and can be harvested many times a year. It is a vegetable suitable for all seasons. Leek steamed stuffed bun and jiaozi are special foods in China. Leek is a perennial herb with inconspicuous bulbs under the ground and contains many nutrients. Every harvest, after cutting off the upper leaves, leeks can grow back quickly because the nutrients in the bulbs still exist. The planting season of leek is more flexible. Sow in April and May in northern spring and July in summer. Sowing in the south is generally in June 5438+10. After the emergence of leeks, it usually takes half a year to harvest. However, in order to make the underground bulbs grow better, it is necessary to wait for the leek to grow for one year before harvesting, and then it can be cut every other month. If the leek is not harvested in time, it will bloom after the harvest period, and the leek flower can also be eaten as a withered taste.

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