Read the following classical Chinese.

1. After reading the following classical Chinese, it is better to say a word when smelling candles in Zhao Jianzi. 1:( 1) Over "mine", fatigue (2) Over "mine", death (3) Overflow, prosperity (4) Distance (contest). (5) Catch up with the situation

Question 2: first of all, it is tit for tat that the king can't use the people, not that the people are in poverty; Secondly, it is convincing to use the examples of our country since ancient times; The comparative arguments of the pros and cons are convincing again.

Question 3: Zhao Jianzi himself did not take the lead, nor did he use his own examples to boost morale.

Question 4: Excellent military equipment is important, but the most fundamental thing is how to use people. It was the candle that made Zhao Jianzi realize that taking the lead is far better than sophisticated equipment.

Question 1: None

Question 2: No.

Question 3: No.

Question 4: No.

translate

Zhao Jianzi besieged the peripheral cities of Weidu, stood out of the reach of arrows and rolling stones with solid shields, beat gongs and drums, and ordered soldiers to attack, but the soldiers did not rush up. Jane threw a chicken leg and said, "Oh, dear! My soldiers are tired so soon. " The pedestrian candle took off his helmet and replied, "I heard that only the monarch can't use soldiers, and the soldiers are not tired." In the past, our ancestor Jin Xiangong annexed 17 countries, conquered 38 countries and won 12 battles with these people. After Gong Xian's death, Gong Hui succeeded to the throne. He was dissolute, cruel and confused, and only liked beautiful women, so the Qin people invaded wantonly, only seventeen miles away from the capital of the State of Jin, and used these people. After Gong Hui's death, Duke Wen succeeded to the throne, surrounded the whole country and got his own land. In the battle of Chengpu, they defeated the Chu army five times, gained the name of the overlord in the world, and used these people. So only the monarch can't use samurai, and the samurai won't get tired. "Jane lost her shield, stood where arrows and rolling stones could reach, and drummed the drums to order the soldiers to attack. The soldiers fought back and won a great victory. Jane said, "It's better to listen to passers-by than get 1000 personnel carriers. "

2. Read the following classical Chinese and complete the topic:1:b.

Question 1:( 1) Make ... alive (2) yes.

Question 1: How to serve Emperor Liang in the morning and King Jin in the evening? How can I live to see the world?

Question 1: Explain his loyalty in his own words.

Question 1: It shows Wang's spirit of being brave and good at fighting, preferring death to surrender, and being patriotic and loyal to the monarch.

Question 1: Analysis of test questions: "I fought with your majesty for more than ten years" means "I fought with your majesty for more than ten years". We can decompose this sentence into "who did what", that is, "the minister fought with your majesty for more than ten years"

Comments: The division of sentence rhythm in classical Chinese is a common problem. The premise of correct pause in a sentence is to master the meaning and grammatical structure of the sentence. Therefore, when solving such problems, one is to understand the meaning of the text. You can translate the sentence first, correctly understand the meaning of the text, and regard the text with similar meaning as "meaning unit", and there is often a pause between "unit" and "unit"; The second is to analyze the grammatical structure. When analyzing the grammatical structure, we can first grasp the verb, connect the words before and after the verb, observe the whole sentence, find the subject forward, find the object or complement backward, and then consider other components, so that we can determine the grammatical structure of the sentence and determine the pause in the sentence accordingly.

Question 1: test analysis: (1) "live", the causative usage of verbs, and the meaning of "make" ... live "; 2 "see", passive usage, the meaning of "yes", in fact, the meaning is "see; Face "and so on.

Comments: When answering this question, pay attention to the understanding of the original sentence. In the process of learning classical Chinese, we should learn to understand the basic content with the help of notes and reference books.

1 Title: Analysis of test questions: When translating this sentence, pay attention to "existence", "Liang" (referring to Emperor Liang), "Jin" (referring to King Jin), "service" and "destiny" ("I" refers to King Jin).

Comments: Sentence translation is also a common problem in classical Chinese reading. When translating sentences, we should pay attention to the key words in the sentences and translate them accurately. In addition, we should pay attention to the translation of special sentences, and try to be fluent, fluent and clear.

1 Title: Analysis of test questions: "A leopard leaves its skin when it dies, and a man leaves its name when it dies" is a sentence often used by Wang, which means "If you are alive, you should leave something for future generations, metaphorically leaving a beautiful name". After his defeat, his loyalty and loyalty just confirmed what he said.

Comments: When answering this question, we should first understand the meaning of the sentence, and then analyze its role in the article. You can also analyze the function of a sentence according to its position in the text.

1 Title: Analysis of test questions: From "I fought with Your Majesty for more than ten years", we can see that Wang is a brave and good soldier, because he gave in after the defeat. From what he said, "... the army was defeated today, so what if we don't die?" Besides, I can't repay you unless I die. How can I get promoted at dusk? How can I see people in the world? "Thus, the king has the spirit of patriotism and loyalty.

Comments: When doing the topic of character image analysis, we should combine the specific words and deeds of the characters to analyze their spiritual quality. When reading articles at ordinary times, we should be good at analyzing characters' personality characteristics and spiritual qualities.

3. Read the following classical Chinese and complete the following questions: 1:D 2:D 3:B 4:B 1: Test and analysis: From a grammatical point of view, there is a structural auxiliary word "zhi" before "responsibility", so it can be judged that "responsibility" should be a noun in this sentence; In the meaning of this clause, responsibility and "debt" can be translated as insult.

"Responsibility of former shame" can be understood as "former shame". Question 2: Test analysis: Item A, the front "and" connects two verbs, and there is a sequential relationship in action. Therefore, "he" is a conjunction indicating inheritance; After the modification of the AND table.

Item b is a preposition, but the former means "give" and "harmony"; The latter is passive, "Wei" sentence-"Wei+noun (agent)+transitive verb"; Item c, the former is a preposition, so; The latter is an ideographic conjunction, which is equivalent to "coming" and "using". Item d, all prepositions, passive.

Question 3: Test analysis: First, judge the sentence pattern of the example, and judge that the sentence pattern is passive according to the sentence meaning of the example, especially the relationship between the subject and the predicate verb. Item A, after "object" and "thing", has a marker word after the attribute "zhi", so sentence A is an attribute postposition sentence; Sentence B is passive, and "seeing" means passive; Sentence C is an adverbial postposition through the adverbial "Yu"; D sentence, "ye" is helpful to judgment, and it is a judgment sentence.

Question 4: Test analysis: "shameless" is wrong. According to the article, "the servant is responsible for humiliation", which means that I was insulted before. It can be seen that item B "shameless" does not conform to the text.

4. Read the following classical Chinese, and after writing the article, you will know that people are hungry. It rained and snowed for three days and made a small question of 1: (1)BCD (2)AD.

Question 2:( 1) Gong Jing is wearing a white fox coat and sitting on the steps at one side of the hall.

(2) How strange! It snowed for three days, but it was not cold.

Question 3: Yan Zi has been keen on protesting for a long time, taking advantage of the cold weather to enter the scene and make casual comments. This can be seen from Yan Zi's rigorous and eloquent words.

Question 4: parallelism makes the words of advice concentrated and smooth, and strengthens the power of persuasion.

Question 1:( 1)B: refers to famine years /C: partial compound words, partial meaning and "hunger" refer to famine years. /D: refers to the famine year. (2)(A/D: give /B: participate. /C: Make good friends. )

Question 2: No.

Question 3: No.

Question 4: No.

translate

When Gong Jing was in office, it rained for three days and it didn't clear up. Gong Jing, wearing a white fox fur coat, sat on the steps at one side of the hall. Yan Zi went into the palace and stood for a while. Gong Jing said, "How strange! It snowed for three days in a row, but it was not cold. " Yan Zi replied, "Isn't it cold?" Gong Jing smiled. Yan Zi said: "I heard that the wise monarch in ancient times knew the hunger of others when he was full, the cold of others when he was warm, and the hardships of others when he was at ease." Now the king doesn't know anyone else. " Gong Jing said, "Well said! I listened to your teachings. " He ordered people to distribute fur coats and food to people who were hungry and cold.

5. Read the following classical Chinese and complete the topic: 1: Lang Wei/How much did you get?

Small problem 1:( 1) Wait until (2) stops, which means "slackness" in the text (3) diffusion.

Question 1: After so many years, the trampoline has worn a lot, but his energy has never slackened.

Small problem 1:( 1) fifteen years, quite a text. (2) Over the years, trampoline has decreased dramatically, and the energy has not stopped.

Question 1: He is a broad-minded and cool-headed person.

Question 1: This question examines students' ability to divide sentence rhythm. Dividing the rhythm of a sentence must follow the principle of sentence structure, for example, this sentence should be divided after the subject "Lang Wei".

1 Question: This question examines students' ability to understand classical Chinese words. In understanding, a good medicine should not only pay attention to the specific context, but also pay attention to the special usage of some words, such as the word "drop out", and pay attention to its different meanings in different contexts.

1 Question: This question examines students' ability to translate classical Chinese sentences. When translating sentences, we should pay attention to keywords such as "product, behavior, dropping out of school", sometimes make up the omitted elements, and adjust the whole sentence order if necessary.

1 Question: This question examines students' ability to analyze the content of the article. According to "(1) year 15, it is quite a text. (2) The trampoline has dropped sharply in recent years, and the energy is endless. " These two words can be analyzed.

1 Question: This question examines students' ability to analyze characters. According to "Zheng Bo mocked, Wei Shou not only didn't get angry, but accepted it modestly", we can analyze the character image of Wei Shou.

6. Read the following classical Chinese and complete the following questions (6 points): The agreement between Hou Wen and the People's Period is 1:( 1) (2) This.

Question 1: It is raining again. Where are you going?

Question 1: Honest and punctual.

Question 1: test analysis: "period" appears in classical Chinese in class, such as "Chen Taiqiu and friendship period", which has the same meaning. "Shi" is often used as a pronoun in classical Chinese.

Comments: When explaining words in extracurricular classical Chinese, we must keep in mind the principles of extracurricular examination and in-class observation. If you think about it carefully, you can find the shadow of this word in class, so the word is not difficult to explain. However, if you want to have a certain accumulation of classical Chinese knowledge, you must know the routine usage of some classical Chinese words.

Question 1: Analysis of test questions: Pay attention to the meaning of keywords when translating. The key words of this sentence are "rain", "how" and "knowledge". "Rain" is a noun used as a verb to mean rain. What does "Yan" mean? "Zhi" is a verb, which means to go. Connect the meaning of each word together, and the meaning will be smooth.

Comments: Translating classical Chinese sentences is a necessary question for reading classical Chinese. There are generally two ways to translate classical Chinese sentences, literal translation and free translation. Literal translation is often used in the senior high school entrance examination. Literal translation pays attention to the implementation of every word, especially the meaning of key words must be presented. The translation of classical Chinese sentences must first know the meaning of classical Chinese words. Of course, when translating classical Chinese sentences after class, it is also a good method to put them in context and infer them according to the context.

Question 1: test analysis: "I'm hunting with dangerous people. Although I am happy, why not wait a little longer? " This sentence of character language embodies the spirit of keeping promises.

Comments: Enlightenment should be perceived as a whole according to the content, theme, words and deeds of the characters, as well as the position and role of the characters in the text. It is also important to understand the content of the article and grasp the key sentences when perceiving the whole.

7. Read the following classical Chinese and complete the questions at the end of the article:1:a.

Question 2: C.

Question 3: (1) Ruyun's brother has been violated and humiliated many times, and the family is inevitably in turmoil. (Scoring points: quantity, vision, pain and carelessness, ***4 points)

(2) Ruyun repaired the house where Yu lived, and took the opportunity to build five houses in the hospital and collect tens of thousands of books. (Rating: repair, cause and effect, ***4 points)

Question 4: The article first describes the origin of Xinghua Bookstore, then describes its architecture and surrounding environment, and then starts a discussion with the banquet of Tang Xinghua, and finally expresses its good wishes to people in Zhou Zhou.

Question 1:

Test analysis: This test examines the ability to understand the meanings of common content words in classical Chinese. There are many polysemy phenomena in classical Chinese. When answering questions, we must put the notional words back into the original text and infer the meaning of the notional words by combining the context and the grammatical relationship of this sentence. "To be an official, to be promoted to be a constitutional envoy" means to be reused and promoted to be a constitutional envoy, and "fu" is a verb here, which means "promotion".

Question 2:

Test analysis: Item C is an auxiliary word, which is used between the subject and the predicate to cancel the independence of the sentence. A 1 pronoun, his2 pronoun, oneself. B 1 preposition, because; 2 prepositions, put. D 1 preposition, for2 prepositions, in. The meaning and usage of function words in classical Chinese is a high-frequency test point in the college entrance examination. Attention should be paid to the examination requirements and types of function words in classical Chinese in the college entrance examination. The significance and basic usage of accumulating function words in classical Chinese. In addition, function words are mostly polysemous words, and their meanings should be determined according to their functions in sentences. At the same time, the transfer of knowledge in the classroom is also necessary.

Question 3:

Test analysis: This test examines the ability to understand and translate sentences. When answering, first go back to the context, understand the overall meaning of the sentence according to the context, and then think about the assignment point that the proposer may determine. First of all, you must find out the key content words and function words, check whether there are any special sentence patterns, and use the methods of "leaving", "deleting", "changing" and "making up", with literal translation as the main and free translation as the auxiliary. And according to the norms of modern Chinese, the content of translation will be adjusted appropriately to make the words and sentences smooth. In the sentence (1), "number" is repeated; "See", yes; "Bitter" is a disaster. (2) the word "repair" in the sentence, repair; "Because", seize the opportunity.

Question 4:

Test analysis: When answering such questions, candidates should read through the full text, clarify the structure, and then organize the answers according to the requirements of the questions. In the first paragraph, it was written that Xinghua Bookstore was to be established by the government, and the origin of Xinghua Bookstore was explained. In the second natural period, Ruyun repaired the house where the palace lived, and took the opportunity to build Xinghua Bookstore in the garden. The third paragraph focuses on the apricot blossom banquet in Tang Dynasty. The fourth paragraph expresses good wishes to the descendants of the Zhou family. Candidates can sort the above contents into answers in order.

Classical Chinese translation

Xinghua Bookstore is a reading room built by my friend Zhou Ruyun. Ruyun himself said that his late father, Yu, served as a consultant and was relegated to Xiangshui. He once dreamed that he lived in a house with apricot flowers beside it. The children were reading in the house, and the sound of reading spread outside. In the early years of Jiajing, (Yu) came back to life, was promoted to be a constitutional envoy, and moved from his former residence to the east gate of the county seat. This is the house where he lives now. Gong pointed to the open space behind the house and said to Ruyun, "We will build a house in the future and name it Xinghua Bookstore to record my dreams."

Yu was later transferred to Nanjing as a right assistant minister in the criminal department, and died in Nanjing before returning home. As a cloud of brothers have been violated and humiliated many times, it is inevitable that the family will be tottering. It took several years to find a stable place to live. In the twentieth year of Jiajing, Ruyun repaired the house where the palace lived, and took the opportunity to build five houses in the garden with tens of thousands of books, which were hung on the lintel in the name of the palace and surrounded by flowers, fruits, bamboo and wood. Spring has come, and the apricot blossoms are blooming brightly, just like what I saw in my dream a few years ago. Looking back at the scene of being demoted to Yuan and Xiang, we can say that the reality he saw when he woke up was illusory, but what he wanted to do in his dream was real. When I entered the room, I thought of Gong. Can I not be sad?

Once upon a time, people in the Tang Dynasty attached great importance to Jinshi, which was the time when scholars wanted to reach the top of Chang 'an apricot blossom. Therefore, people regard the apricot garden banquet of the new Jinshi as a major event. Now is the time when apricot blossoms are in full bloom. When a Jinshi enters the exam, he usually dreams of apricot flowers as a sign. This is because the world has not forgotten honor and reputation. Gong, who angered the son of heaven by direct remonstrance, moved to Lingnan for more than ten years. Yu Yan's public interest is firm, and his idea of pursuing wealth has vanished. Put the hope of becoming famous through the imperial examination on future generations. Probably a gentleman in ancient times was patriotic, not just devoted to his country. For his descendants, I also hope that they will enjoy the virtues of their ancestors from generation to generation and serve the court endlessly. This is the good intention of Gong.

Shortly before Gong died. Those who took the imperial examination with them were rich and famous, but their descendants didn't know where they were. Although the Ruyun brothers are frustrated at present, people hope that they can be reused. Moreover, Gong's grandchildren are outstanding, which shows that they have all been blessed by Poems and Books. The Book of Songs said: "From now on, there will be a good harvest every year. If a gentleman has a generous salary, he will leave it to future generations. Everyone is so happy! " I saw the Zhou family in the Book of Songs.