The weather is getting cold, what should the elderly with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases pay attention to?

Summary of China Cardiovascular Disease Report compiled by National Cardiovascular Center 20 18 (Report) The prevalence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases in China are still on the rise. It is estimated that there are 290 million patients with cardiovascular diseases, and the mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases still ranks first, accounting for more than 40% of the deaths of residents, especially in rural areas in recent years. In China, about 1 person dies of cardiovascular diseases every 10 second; The annual incidence of stroke in China is 6.5438+0.5 million ~ 2 million, and the annual mortality of stroke in China is about 6.5438+0.2 million. There are about120,000 patients with coronary heart disease and about 2-2.5 million patients with myocardial infarction.

Winter is a period of high incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and the incidence and mortality of severe hypertension, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris and arrhythmia, especially malignant arrhythmia and stroke, including cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral thrombosis, will increase significantly in winter.

Middle-aged and elderly patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should pay attention to the following points on how to spend the winter safely and avoid cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.

1. First of all, insist on taking medicine:

In winter, the blood pressure of hypertensive patients is definitely higher than that in summer, because blood vessels will contract in cold environment. At this time, it is necessary to strengthen the examination of blood pressure and adjust and increase the variety and quantity of antihypertensive drugs in time. In addition to blood pressure, patients with coronary heart disease or people with multiple cardiovascular risk factors should strengthen blood sugar control, especially insist on choosing appropriate doses of statins or combining them with ethambutol according to risk factors to make low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reach the standard. For high-risk groups, aspirin or clopidogrel should be taken to prevent plaque rupture and swelling, play its anti-platelet activation role and prevent thrombosis.

2. Keep warm: Try to wear more clothes outdoors to keep out the cold. Indoor and northern heating should also increase air humidification. In the south, especially in the north and south of the Yangtze River, the winter climate is still very cold and humid. Although it is common to provide air conditioning, floor heating and water heating for families, the elderly are often inseparable from the frugal life concept developed in the poor times decades ago. There are by no means a few people who regard air conditioners as decorations. They also find out various reasons: they don't like not being ventilated, and they don't like closing doors and windows. And I prefer to wear thick winter clothes and wrap myself in zongzi, but the cold of my face and limbs is inevitable and active. Cold environment can lead to vasoconstriction, high blood pressure, and even arterial blood vessels are more prone to spasm. I induced the rupture of atherosclerotic plaque, leading to myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, and even malignant arrhythmia and sudden death.

Remember, it is an important health investment to increase the electricity and gas bills by several hundred yuan every month, and the money will never be saved. How many places do you need to spend money when you are old? Don't always want to leave more money for children for the hard-earned money of middle-aged and elderly people. You must change this idea that the future will not be good. It is most worthwhile to invest in your own health and prevent the occurrence of diseases. Not getting sick also lightens the burden on children, which is far more popular than leaving them a little money you have worked so hard to save.

3. Indoor and outdoor sports should still be adhered to in winter. Of course, under the premise of keeping warm, we should keep the cardiopulmonary function from declining and maintain good blood circulation.

4. Winter tonic should be moderate, especially the "tonic" with high calorie and rich in sugar and fat. Although this may attract many people's different opinions, I still have to tell the truth: for example, the most commonly used black sesame walnut powder actually eats a lot of vegetable oil and sucrose. The oil content of sesame and walnut is as high as 50%-70%. It has never been said that they have the function of nourishing the brain and improving immunity. This is just a "beautiful" legend handed down from generation to generation. The best tonic for preventing and treating diseases in the world is a happy mood!

Winter must be around the year before last. Our traditional habit is that friends and relatives get together for dinner, and people with more friends and relatives will attend more dinners. Of course, patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases can eat together. As long as they can't eat too much and are full, smoking and drinking are exempted. In addition to heavy oil and sugar, sodium salt in monosodium glutamate (cereal/sodium furoate) is often added to restaurant dishes, which will increase blood volume and raise blood pressure. Overeating can also induce vagus nerve excitement and increase cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.

6. When friends and relatives get together, always maintain a peaceful and stable good mood and reduce excessive excitement and unnecessary excitement. Excessive emotionalization often affects the symptoms of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and even increases the occurrence of vascular events.

7. Relatives and friends have more contact, so we should pay attention to avoid respiratory infection. Fortunately, after people generally wear masks this year, the incidence of viral colds (especially children) has dropped significantly, because cross-infection of colds leads to respiratory inflammation. If not treated or controlled in time, it will eventually lead to severe pneumonia and induce multiple organ failure, which is often the main cause of death in the elderly.

8. Outdoor activities are obviously reduced in winter, especially in festivals where people get together to fight landlords and play mahjong, which is the most common form of entertainment for middle-aged and elderly people in China. The doors and windows are closed, and there are some smoke pipes inserted, and the room is full of smoke. If someone really takes winning or losing seriously, it's easy to get excited. These are the common causes of hypertension, arterial spasm, plaque rupture, myocardial infarction and cerebral hemorrhage. Entertainment is ok, but life is not worth it!

I write this article in the hope of helping every middle-aged and elderly patient suffering from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases to spend the cold winter healthily and return to the earth in spring!