What are the requirements of Camellia oleifera for water and climate?

Camellia oleifera originated in China and has been used and cultivated for more than 2,000 years. It is the main woody edible oil in China. Tea oil is a high-quality and high-grade edible oil. The content of unsaturated fatty acids is more than 90%, mainly oleic acid and linoleic acid. Tea oil is easily absorbed and digested by the human body, and it does not contain erucic acid and behenic acid which are difficult to be absorbed by the human body, nor does it contain cholesterol which can cause hypertension and arteriosclerosis. Tea oil is resistant to storage, not easy to rancidity, and will not produce aflatoxin that causes human cancer. Tea oil is delicious and fragrant. It is the best oil for cooking food, processing canned food and making margarine. Tea oil is not only edible, but also the raw material of vaseline, hair tonic oil, mechanical lubricating oil and pharmaceutical preparations such as penicillin and streptomycin oil. ?

Camellia oleifera is an evergreen and long-lived tree species. Once planted, the harvest period exceeds 100 years. Generally, 8- 10 years after planting can not only increase oil sources, but also improve forest coverage. It has the ecological functions of beautifying the environment, conserving water and soil, conserving water and regulating climate. At the same time, it is a tree species with strong anti-pollution ability, strong anti-sulfur dioxide ability and strong anti-hydrogen and chlorine absorption ability.

The suitable annual average temperature of Camellia oleifera15-18&; Ordmc, absolute low temperature-10&; ordmc，≥ 10 & amp； The annual accumulated temperature of ordm in degrees Celsius is 4500-5200 &; Between ordmc; The annual rainfall is about 1000mm and the growing period is about 260 days. It is warm and sunny in spring, and grows in the lower part of low mountains and hills with open terrain, deep soil layer and yellowish soil. ?

1. Influence of climatic factors on flowering and fruiting of common camellia oleifera.

Our city is a suitable cultivation area for common camellia oleifera, and normal climatic conditions are very beneficial to the growth and development of camellia oleifera. However, Camellia oleifera has the biological characteristics of flowering in late autumn and early winter, and the disastrous climate such as autumn drought and cold wave has great influence on its flower and fruit growth and yield. ?

2. The effect of flowering climate on the yield of Camellia oleifera.

The optimum flowering temperature of common camellia oleifera is14-18&; Taking ordmc as an example, the daily average temperature of Camellia oleifera in Tunxi area is15-18 & ordm; C. This climatic condition is favorable for insect pollination, pollen germination and fruiting of Camellia oleifera. The abnormal climate such as low temperature and rainy weather during this period caused a large number of flowers and fruits to fall and reduce production. It is an effective way to overcome the unfavorable climatic factors of flowering period of common Camellia oleifera in this area by choosing early flower type to gradually replace late flower type.

3. The relationship between water conditions and the growth and development of Camellia oleifera.

Although Camellia oleifera has certain drought tolerance, it needs sufficient water supply and reasonable and balanced water conditions in its growth and development process, especially in the fruit growth process, in order to meet the needs of its physiological activities and substance synthesis and transformation. The annual rainfall in our city is about 1600mm, which can fully meet the growth and development requirements of common camellia oleifera. However, the uneven distribution of rainfall season does not coincide with the timing of water demand of Camellia oleifera, resulting in imbalance between supply and demand.

The contradiction of coordination. High temperature and drought usually occur in our city from late July to September. This is the opportunity for Camellia oleifera fruit growth and oil formation. High temperature and water shortage will inevitably affect the fruit growth and oil transformation of Camellia oleifera. People in producing areas often say that "the ball (fruit) is dried in July and the oil is dried in August", which is a summary of long-term production experiments. ?

4. The influence of topography and soil factors on the growth and development of Camellia oleifera.

The elevation of our city is 700m on the south slope and 500m below the east slope, which is suitable for the growth of Camellia oleifera. The yield of Camellia oleifera forest at an altitude of 500-700 meters is obviously higher than that in low altitude or high altitude areas. The yield of Camellia oleifera forest in sunny slope is also higher than that in shady slope, and the oil content of Camellia oleifera forest in high altitude area is higher than that in low altitude area. The yield and oil content of Camellia oleifera in open terrain and deep soil layer are higher than those in steep slope, deep valley and shallow soil layer. Camellia oleifera prefers acidic and slightly acidic soils to neutral and alkaline soils. Camellia oleifera has deep roots and is suitable for growing in deep soil. The same characteristics of soil in high-yield camellia oleifera forest land are: deep soil layer, generally greater than1m; Good structure, mostly soil; Soil has high nutrient content and large reserves of main nutrients.