First, select suitable varieties and disinfect seeds, soil and air. Israeli series tomatoes (in solar greenhouse) have the characteristics of high quality, high yield and high efficiency, and can create a net income of more than 20 thousand yuan per mu. Sow in autumn and pick in winter and spring. Generally, middle and late-maturing varieties with plant height and fruit hypertrophy can be selected, and early-maturing self-capping varieties can also be selected, but the disease resistance is not as good as that of late-maturing varieties. Therefore, we should choose Israeli varieties suitable for local growth. Disinfection of soil, seeds and air is the most basic disinfection work before sowing. These disinfection work can prevent or reduce the occurrence of diseases, reduce the use of drugs and drug damage, and is also one of the basic measures to produce pollution-free vegetables. The specific method is as follows: seed soaking with chemicals: soaking with 30% amobam 200 times solution or potassium permanganate or formalin 500 times solution for 65438 0 hours, and immediately putting the seeds into clean water after sterilization. You can also soak the seeds in 25% carbendazim solution for half an hour, and then rinse them with clean water. It can also be combined with formalin soaking and fumigation. The specific operation is to pre-soak the seeds in clear water for 3-4 hours, then pour the wet seeds into formalin (i.e. 40% formaldehyde solution) with a time of 100 for 15-20 minutes, take them out, wrap them in wet gauze, put them in a pot and seal them for 2-3 hours for fumigation and disinfection, and then rinse them with clear water. Sterilized seeds can be placed at 25-30℃ to accelerate germination, and can be sown when more than half of the seeds turn white. There are many methods of soil disinfection, such as high temperature disinfection and drug disinfection. First, organic fertilizer can be applied after the greenhouse is built. In August-September, plastic drip-free film is attached, and the whole greenhouse is sealed, and the greenhouse is closed at high temperature (above 60℃) for 7-8 days. Secondly, mix 3-4 kg of carbendazim powder and 100 kg of moist soil evenly, spread base fertilizer evenly, spread pesticide soil evenly, and spray phoxim at the same time, and then deeply cultivate underground pests. Phoxim is easy to photolysis, so it can be sprayed with flanging, not all at once, and it is advisable to use about one kilogram per mu. Disinfection of seedbed soil is particularly important. First, the dose should be appropriately increased compared with that in the field. Second, when preparing nutrient soil, put the medicine in and mix well. Eliminate the early harm of germs to cultivate disease-free seedlings. Air disinfection: High-temperature closed shed is combined with drug disinfection, and the following methods can be adopted: ① bacterial poison spraying method in the ring: spraying 300 times of bacterial poison in the ring on the shed body, ground, columns and bamboo poles, and diluting the liquid medicine by 50-100kg per mu; (2) Reaction method of formaldehyde and potassium permanganate: 4-5 cans of 0.5kg of potassium permanganate and 0.5kg of formaldehyde are respectively placed in the shed, and the two drugs are mixed in equal amounts, which are put in from one end of the shed to generate disinfection gas for air disinfection. ③ Dusting method: After the shed was covered with plastic film, powder (5% chlorothalonil powder) was sprayed from the inner end of the shed, and the dosage per mu of shed was 0.75- 1 kg. Use Fengshou No.5 or 10 duster (developed by Plant Protection Institute of China Fertilizer Research Institute). When removing dust, lift the duster horizontally, and the duster 5 shakes for about 36 revolutions per minute. 10 duster shakes about 52 revolutions per minute, and can spray powder for 5- 10 minutes per mu. Before powder spraying, the shed is sealed, and construction will start in 2-3 days. (4) Fumigation: old sheds can also be fumigated and disinfected, and 45% chlorothalonil smoke agent can be used, with 200-250g per mu of shed. Divide the medicine into 4-5 parts, evenly distribute it at 4-5 points in the shed, light it with dark fire, and seal the shed after smoking. Second, take comprehensive measures to cultivate healthy seedlings without disease. Like cucumber in Solanaceae, cultivating disease-free seedlings is an important measure to win high yield and high quality. On the other hand, if the seedlings are thin and tender, it is difficult to manage them in the later stage and it is difficult to obtain high yield. In order to cultivate healthy seedlings, we can focus on the following issues: 1, select nutrient soil, make a good seedbed and sow in time. The fermented pigsty fertilizer was dried, crushed and sieved, and then mixed with the sieved sterile cooked soil according to the ratio of soil to fertilizer of 3:1(5M3 of nutrient soil in an 80-meter shed). Add 1kg calcium superphosphate, 5- 10kg Cao Dajie, 80g 50% thiophanate or 50% carbendazim to each cubic meter of soil fertilizer, and mix well. Starting from the second room in the greenhouse, each room should be made into two seedbeds, with a length of 5m, a width of1.5m and a height of 8cm from the ground. An 80-meter greenhouse needs 5-6 seedbeds. Before sowing, choose a seedbed as the seedbed, pour 0.8 cm fine soil on the top of the seedbed, then cover it with plastic film and small arch shed, and then cover it with white polyethylene film. After covering the seeds with soil, remove the plastic film. The small arch shed can be made according to the sowing date and temperature of the year. 2. Master the appropriate temperature and humidity to prevent the seedlings from growing in vain. The appropriate temperature is 25-30℃. After 70% of the seedlings are unearthed, the bed temperature can be maintained at 20-25℃. After the cotyledons of seedlings are unfolded, the bed temperature is 15-20℃, 1-2 leaves, and the daytime is 25-25. The seedling stage can be divided into1-1times. Before dividing the seedlings, there is basically no need to water them. After emergence, when 2-3 true leaves are reached, the soil restoration method is adopted in stages, * * * three times, each time about 1 cm. This method can be used if the one-time seedling separation method is adopted. 3.2-3 true leaves are divided into seedlings in time. Row spacing 10- 13cm, plant spacing 10cm. When dividing seedlings, ditch the top of the prepared seedbed with a mud spoon, and the ditch should be shallow and vertical. A small amount of water should be poured with a water ladle, and the soil should be mixed with water and buried in the soil to maintain the original depth. Pay attention to the clean stems and leaves of seedlings, pour a small amount of water with a ladle, and bury the soil after mixing with water to keep the original depth. After the emergence of seedlings, according to the weather conditions, the arch shed should be set up and the plastic film should be buckled, so that the bed temperature is 30-35℃ and the ground temperature is above 20℃, which is beneficial to slow down the growth of seedlings. At the same time, you can also use matrix plug seedlings, which has better effect. 2009-07-09 at 20: 02, chemical control can be used to prevent seedlings from growing white. Generally, 50% chlormequat chloride stock solution (1ml) can be poured into the seedbed with 4-5kg of water, or chlormequat chloride with a unit concentration of 1-2kg/m2 can be sprayed once every 7- 1000PPM (valid for one month) for 3-4 times. Third, actively prepare enough fertilizers and scientifically formulate fertilizers to lay a good foundation for high yield. In addition to 1000 kg of high-quality ring fertilizer per mu, 30-40 kg of potassium sulfate or 200 kg of plant ash and 20-30 kg of diammonium phosphate are applied in combination with deep ploughing or ridging. In order to achieve high yield, 1500-2000 kg cake fertilizer can be applied per mu, but the cake fertilizer should be fully decomposed and fermented, and seedlings should be planted in the nest when combined with base fertilizer for a long time or transplanted, or topdressing should be done as soon as possible before flowering. Fourth, timely planting, to promote the early emergence of strong seedlings in the seedling height of 20 cm, 6-7 true leaves or seedling age of 50 days, choose sunny days to plant in time, in order to make strong seedlings grow early, the following points should be paid attention to before and after planting: 1, starting from the ridge, planting: 70-80 cm in large rows and 40 cm in small rows, 2. Before planting, the organic fertilizer should be fully decomposed. If you use cake fertilizer, you can mash the bean cake to the size of a brick, soak it in a jar for a few days, knead it with your hands until it is fermented in water, and foam it in the jar. After fermentation, pat in the nest, 0.4-0.5 kg per hole. If it is ring fertilizer, it can be wrapped in the ridge when it is ridged. No matter which method is used, diammonium phosphate or compound fertilizer should be added when ridging or planting, with 20-30 kg per mu. If diammonium phosphate or compound fertilizer is applied to the hole, cake fertilizer should be applied and fully mixed with the soil in the hole to avoid burning the roots. Pay attention to watering the seedbed in advance the day before transplanting, so as to dig a pile of 8- 10 cubic centimeters. When digging piles, you can't hurt the roots and scatter the piles, and the seedlings should be planted in different grades. 3. Avoid watering when planting and before planting the backseat. After planting, it is necessary to control the ground temperature above 20℃ and the air temperature at 30-35℃ to facilitate the slow growth of seedlings. 4. After planting, spray 300 times of Mamlan nutritional protective agent once, and then spray it every 10- 15 days. 5. Spray growth promoter or chlormequat chloride. After the slow-growing seedlings are planted, 1000PPM growth promoter (Fengchanling) can be sprayed twice, and the mixing method of the growth promoter is to mix 20 ml of the growth promoter containing 25% active ingredients with 50 kg of clean water; When using Chlormequat chloride, 50 kg of water and 50 ml of Chlormequat chloride are mixed and sprayed once every 7 days and twice, and the drug concentration is strictly controlled. Fifth, strengthen technical management in the middle and late stages to promote early, large and fragrant fruits. 1. Determine the number of ears according to the density, and determine the fruit size according to the number of ears. You can leave 8- 10 ears per plant, not too many, and 3-4 fruits per ear. Only in this way can it help to promote growth and fruit. When pruning, the single stem pruning is generally adopted, and the bamboo buds are tied to the vines.
2009-07-09 20:03 2. Pay attention to squatting seedlings after planting. After planting, the first inflorescence bears fruit, mainly squatting seedlings, which promotes the solid root system, promotes the control of lodging and lays a good foundation for high yield. Never water the soil if its water content is above 20%. In case of special drought caused by soil, air and other conditions, diammonium phosphate or compound fertilizer should be used for hydration, and each plant should be watered by floating 1- 1.5 kg. 3, where long-term cultivation, long-term cultivation, but pay attention to the big ridge in time to loosen the soil to prevent hardening. Deep ploughing without ridging can be carried out for many times, and the depth is 10- 15 cm. It can improve the ground temperature and soil permeability. But pay attention to deep ploughing without hurting the roots. 4. Grasp the temperature and pour the water for the first time in time. When the first-grade walnut is big, the second-grade broad bean is big, and the bud of the third-grade walnut just blooms, stop crouching, start watering every 10- 15 days, combine with topdressing urea, and add carbon dioxide frequently per mu15-20kg each time. If the growth is vigorous, you can spray chlormequat or chlormequat appropriately. Before and after watering, keep the ground temperature above 20℃, and pay attention to the air volume should not be too large, so as not to affect the root growth. 5. There are many factors to prevent fruit drop and abnormal fruit from causing flower drop and fruit drop. The main reasons are: the temperature is too high or too low; Insufficient light, water shortage, root injury and malnutrition. If it is caused by temperature, plant growth regulators can be used. Generally, 2.4-D pedicels with the concentration of 10-20 ppm are used, and the flowers that bloom on the same day are the best, from 9 am to 3 pm. In addition, 1 ml of 25% anti-falling agent can be sprayed on flowers with a catty of water. If it is caused by other circumstances, we should pay attention to sexually transmitted diseases, adjust soil moisture to catch up with fertilization outside the roots, and increase the application of carbon dioxide. 2.4-D flower stems should be brushed with a brush, not too heavy or too many times. In addition, attention should be paid to proper concentration to prevent abnormal fruits. 6. Comprehensive measures in full fruit-bearing period: ① Suitable temperature: air temperature 25-28℃, ground temperature 24-25℃, and pay attention to suitable outdoor time (release when the ground temperature rises to a suitable temperature); ② The suitable soil water content is 20-25%, and it should be watered once every 10- 15 days; (3) Sufficient illumination, frequent wiping of plastic film, early straw curtain pulling and late cover; (4) Frequent application of carbon dioxide can end in May; ⑤ Spraying 300 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate once every 7- 10 days, or spraying 300-500 times of K 100 organic liquid fertilizer or 400 times of Schild liquid fertilizer for 7-8 times for 7- 10 days. ⑥ Spraying gibberellin (920) can also be used in high-yield greenhouses or nitrogen-deficient greenhouses to promote plant health and robust leaves, and spraying it once every 7- 10 days. Mixing each gram of gibberellin with 200 kilograms of water and spraying 0.5-2% urea for 4-5 times; ⑦ Use spray to control diseases before watering, and use chlorothalonil aerosol or dust method to control diseases after watering; ⑧ Remove diseased leaves and harvest the fruits to be ripened in time; Pet-name ruby drugs used alternately, serious prevention and control of pests and diseases. Focus on the prevention and control of early blight, late blight, gray mold, virus disease, whitefly and aphid.