The first opium war settled the sea.

Anti-British Campaign in Zhejiang during the Opium War in the 21st year of Daoguang reign (184 1).

After the armistice in Guangzhou, Emperor Qing Guang thought everything was normal and ordered the coastal provinces to withdraw their troops. However, the British government is still dissatisfied with the privilege that Iraq has seized in the draft convention on wearing a nose. On March 10th (April 30th) of the 21st year of Daoguang, Pu Dingcha was appointed as the plenipotentiary in China to expand the war of aggression. On June 24, Pu Dingcha arrived in Hong Kong and Macao to piece together the invading army. Except for six warships and two ships, 1300 army personnel stayed in various ports, and the rest of the troops were in their nests. On the fifth day of July, together with the commander of the navy, Sir William Parker (178 1- 1866) and the commander of the army, they ambushed in Wugu, led 10 warships, 4 warships and 4 transport ships, and left the port with more than 2,500 army personnel. On the tenth day of July, Xiamen was captured and the company commander Jiang Jiyun died. In August, the British attacked Dinghai again. Dinghai is surrounded by mountains on three sides, and Xiaofengling in the north overlooks the county seat. The cliff is steep and there is a tunnel near the sea. It was guarded by Wang Xipeng (1786― 184 1), the commander of Shouchun Town, Anhui Province. To the east is Zhushanmen, near the sea, and the harbor is narrow and deep. It was guarded by Zheng (1777 ――1841), the commander of Chuzhou Town, Zhejiang Province. In the south, there is no shelter, and there is a traffic artery between land and sea. A earthen city, more than 1.430 feet long, is guarded by Lianchangge (1.789-1.8465438) in Dinghai Town, Zhejiang Province. There are nine gates in the west, with overlapping mountains and overlooking the sea. On August 1 1, 29 British ships assembled in the Huangniujiao sea area of Zhoushan Islands to scout the sea surface of Dinghai. The shelling began on the afternoon of 12. The 4,000 defenders on the island fought bloody battles for 6 days and nights, but there was a shortage of rations. Each soldier only has 6 Liang (about 4 Liang today) of light cakes. Later, he only had three bowls of gruel every day, and he fought day and night, which caused great losses to the British army. 17, the British army took advantage of the foggy weather and let the Qing army move. They are divided into three ways: one is to attack Wukui Mountain head-on, the other is to attack Donggangpu, and the other is to attack Xiaofengling in the northwest. The British army repeatedly advanced, and the Qing army stood on the precipice. The officers and men fought day and night, restless, hungry and tired, and it rained for several days, and their clothes were all wet, but they still fought tenaciously, with high morale and fought back with all their strength. It was really a "fierce battle that I haven't seen for years." At 2 pm, the British army landed from Xiaofengling and invaded the county seat. Ge, Wang Xipeng and Zheng Lingbing stood their ground and died heroically. Dinghai will fall into the enemy again. In this defense, the Qing army burned 1 British ships, 3 private ships and many garbage ships, killing hundreds of British troops.

After the fall of Dinghai, it was difficult for the British to supply, so they tried their best to sneak into Zhenhai and Ningbo and seize the camp for their winter garrison. Zhenhai is located on the west bank of Yongjiang River estuary, with Yongjiang River in the east and the sea in the north. Zhaobaoshan on the west bank of Yongjiangkou confronts Jiajiang on Jinjishan on the east bank, and the situation is very dangerous. Yu Qian, an imperial envoy and governor of the two rivers, was stationed. Yu Qian (1793― 184 1), formerly known as Yutai, was born in Gulushan, Boluote, and was born in Huangqi, Mongolia. He opposed compromise, persisted in resisting aggression and attached great importance to Zhenhai defense. He built forts and fortifications in Zhaobaoshan and Jinjishan, added artillery positions, and filled boulders and dark nails at the mouth of Yongjiang River. Each artillery company * * * has 86 guns, and with the defeated troops in Dinghai, * * * has more than 5,000 soldiers. Its deployment is: Zhejiang Governor Yu Buyun leads 1000 people, guarding Zhaobaoshan and Dongyue Palace in the west; Company commander Xie Chaoen led 1500 troops to defend Jinji Mountain; Li, the company commander, led hundreds of people to guard the fortress west of Dongyue Palace (the fortress controls the seaport and is a corner with Jinji and Zhaobaoshan forts); Firefighters moored on the banks of the Yangtze River, dug underground ditches where they could land, covered with thistles, and bravely stationed troops. Yu Qian led 1000 soldiers to take over the county seat. On August 24th, British troops assembled at Huangniu Reef outside Zhenhai, and completed the war preparation on August 25th. Its attack plan and deployment are: destroy the fortresses and fortifications of Jinjishan and Zhaobaoshan with naval guns, and prevent the Qing army from reinforcing in Zhenhai County to cover the army's landing and capture the above two mountains (taking Jinjishan as the main attack direction); Land and water go hand in hand and seize Zhenhai. The landing force consists of more than 2400 soldiers, sailors and sailors, divided into three columns: left, middle and right. On the morning of 26th, the left and middle columns began to attack under the cover of three warships. The central column landed in the northeast prominent part of Jinji Mountain, that is, headed for Jinji Mountain. The left column sailed into Xiaojiang by sampan and bypassed Jinji Mountain. The defenders were caught between Scylla and Charybdis, but they still resisted stubbornly. They fought many fierce battles with the attacking enemy and killed hundreds of British soldiers. In the end, due to many casualties, the company commander Xie Chaoen was injured and fell into the sea, and Jinji Mountain fell. At the same time, four British ships and more than 200 cannons bombarded Zhaobaoshan. Because of fear of death, Yu Buyun chickened out, refused to let the soldiers shoot back, and even rode into town alone to see Yu Qian. He used the word "save millions of lives" and asked people to make peace with the British army and "temporarily detain". Yu Qian accused him: "If you are in danger, the situation will hurt the country." Later, Yu Buyun went to town to plead with Yu Qian, saying, "It is proper to die with Yi, but there are more than 30 wives and children in the family, which is really pitiful." Yu Qian said to him: "Love your son, heroes are inevitable, loyalty is great, and this ambition cannot be taken away." Yu Buyun didn't listen to advice. Seeing that the British army was going to climb Zhaobaoshan, he took the lead in abandoning Taiwan and fleeing. Yu Qian fired a shot at the city to stop it. Yu Buyun still led the troops around the mountain and fled to Ningbo. 165438+ At 0 o'clock in the morning, the British right-wing column landed in Zhaobaoshan, then occupied and commanded the attack on the county seat. The garrison entered the city to fight, and the British army covered the infantry with artillery and climbed the ladder from the east gate. When Yu Qian saw that Jinji Mountain and Zhaobaoshan fell one after another, Zhenhai was in danger and the general trend was gone, he ran out of blood with indignation of losing land and humiliating the country and died in the water. The defenders suffered heavy casualties, the rest abandoned the city and fled, and Zhenhai fell. On August 29th, the British army attacked Ningbo, and Yu Buyun, who fled from Zhenhai to Ningbo, fled to Shangyu with the prefects of Ningbo and Yinxian. Civil and military personnel were scattered, and Ningbo fell before the war. On the third day of September, the Qing court sent a college student, an official minister and a royal nephew, the Book of Changes (179 1- 1853), as General Yang Wei and Deputy Commander of Mongolia, Te Yishun (? -1849), assistant minister Wen Wei (? -1855) is the Minister Counsellor of Niu Jian (? -1858) is the governor of liangjiang. He also ordered troops from Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, Shanxi, Gansu, Shaanxi and other provinces to go to eastern Zhejiang. After Yijing left Beijing, he rushed all the way and deliberately delayed until 200 1 year1February1day, and arrived in Jiaxing to plan a counterattack with Wen Wei and others. In the twenty-second year (February 10), on the first day of the first month, Yijing and others moved to Hangzhou, Zhejiang. At that time,1.65,438+0,000 reinforcements were transferred from various provinces, and more than 2,000 people were recruited from Shuiyong and Xiang Yong, which gathered in eastern Zhejiang. Everyone was eager to fight together. However, the Book of Changes slandered the people of Zhejiang as "traitors". And the ignorant and timid, the one who commands and dispatches well, dreams of winning by luck. 16, he and counselor Wen Wei dreamed that the British army abandoned the landing craft and set sail for the sea. Considering this to be a good omen, they decided to adopt the policy of "attacking openly and guarding secretly, simultaneously", divide the troops into three ways, and make an all-round counterattack to capture Ningbo, Zhenhai and Dinghai in one fell swoop. Then, I went to the Guandi Temple in West Lake, Hangzhou. Because the yin belongs to the tiger, I chose the "four yin periods" as "auspicious days". In the year of Renyin (the 22nd year of Daoguang), the month of Renyin (the first month), the day of Wuyin (the 29th day of the lunar calendar) and the time of Jiayin (the fourth watch), we rashly counterattacked Ningbo, Zhenhai and Dinghai in three ways. However, the plan of the Book of Changes has long been explored by the British army, ready to fight and take the opportunity to fight back. In Ningbo, the Qing army rushed into the city and was ambushed by the British army on the way, causing heavy casualties and losing ground. In Zhenhai, as soon as the Qing army and the British army took over the battle, they suffered minor casualties and immediately retreated. As for Dinghai, a small-scale night attack was launched without success. The illusion of the Book of Changes was completely shattered. The British attacked Cixi, and Wen Wei, who was in charge of the road ahead, abandoned the camp and fled at night, and the whole army was wiped out. The Book of Changes and others fled back to Hangzhou in a hurry and never dared to fight again. At that time, there was a couplet in Zhejiang: "Red Ghost, Honky and Nigger all came from inside;" General, army and government troops always run away from the army. " It depicts the ugly faces of these bureaucrats.