Junior high school geography knowledge points induction +0

Do you know the induction of junior high school geography knowledge points? It is necessary to learn geographical knowledge in connection with real life, so that geographical knowledge can come alive and be easy to remember. Let's take a look at junior high school geography knowledge point induction 202 1, welcome to check it out!

Induction of junior high school geography knowledge points

China's economic development

A gradually improved transportation network

First, the "forerunner" of economic development.

Transportation is to transport people and things from one place to another.

Modern transportation refers to train, car, ship, plane and pipeline transportation, that is, railway, highway, waterway (sea and river transportation), aviation and pipeline.

Second, traffic lines extend in all directions.

National Transportation Network Railway transportation is the most important mode of transportation in China. The criss-crossing railway lines are distributed all over the country, leading to cities, factories and mines, and connected with seaports, highways and rivers, forming the skeleton of the national transportation network.

The transportation network is unevenly distributed, with high density in the eastern region and low density in the western region.

Main railway lines

Third, choose the right mode of transportation.

The factors that need to be considered in choosing passenger transport or freight transport are price, speed, volume, people's travel purpose, the nature and quantity of the goods themselves and the transportation distance.

Passenger transport: mainly consider the purpose of travel, fare and speed;

Freight: mainly consider the nature and quantity of goods, transportation distance, freight rate, speed and transportation purpose.

Comparison of modern modes of transportation

Junior high school geography test site knowledge

China's natural resources

The first section, the general situation of natural resources

1. Natural resources mainly include climate resources, water resources, land resources, biological resources, mineral resources and marine resources.

2, the characteristics of natural resources:

(1), the concept is not static; (2) The number is huge, but limited; (3) The quality is different in different regions (4) The distribution is regular, but uneven; 5] The situation is constantly changing.

3. Distribution of mineral resources:

(1), main oil fields:

Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Shandong, Henan

Daqing Oilfield Liaohe Oilfield Huabei Oilfield Shengli Oilfield Zhongyuan Oilfield

2, the main coal mines:

Heilongjiang Province Hebei Province Liaoning Province Shanxi Province Anhui Province Henan Province Guizhou Province Sichuan Province Inner Mongolia

Anshan,

Benxi Kailuan Fuxin Datong poplar

Spring, Xishan Huaibei,

Huainan Pingdingshan Liupanshui Panzhihua Huolinhe

(3), the main iron ore:

Liaoning Province Hebei Province Inner Mongolia Hubei Province Anhui Province Sichuan Province Hainan Province

Panzhihua Stone Road, Maanshan, Bayanobo Daye, Qian 'an, Benxi, Anshan

Note: Liaoning, Sichuan and Hebei provinces have the largest iron ore reserves.

(4) Distribution of non-ferrous metals:

Antimony in rare earth tin deposits in Bayanobo, Inner Mongolia and Hunan.

Lead and zinc in Shuikoushan, Jinchang Nickel Mine, Gansu Province

Shandong Zhaoyuan Gold Guizhou Tongren Mercury

Jiangxi Dexing copper industry Guangxi Pingguo aluminum industry

Jiangxi Dayu Tungsten Industry Yunnan Gejiu Tin Industry

5. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the area with the largest distribution of solar energy, and the Sichuan Basin is the least.

Note: The above mineral resources should be mainly distributed in the P53-3 main oil and gas in China, P54-3 main coal mine in China and P54-3-5 main metal mineral in China.

The second section, land resources in China.

1. Characteristics of land resources in China: a large population and a small land area, and the per capita land area is less than that of the world 1/3.

2. Basic national conditions of land resources: the proportion of cultivated land and forest land is small, the proportion of hard-to-use land is large, and the reserve land resources are insufficient. (The grassland area is the largest).

3. Distribution of land resources: (1) Cultivated land: plains and basins in the eastern monsoon region;

(2) Woodland: northeast, southeast and southwest;

(3) Grassland: eastern Inner Mongolia, eastern and southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Section III: Water resources in China.

1. Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of water resources in China;

(1) The regional distribution is not balanced: there are few things in the east, more in the south and less in the north;

(2) Time allocation: more in summer and autumn, less in winter and spring, with great interannual changes.

2. Water conservancy project construction:

(1) Inter-basin water transfer project-solving the problem of uneven distribution of water resources in different regions. Geography of Grade 8 (Volume I) P68-69, Figure 3- 19, schematic diagram of South-to-North Water Transfer Project, we know three water transfer projects: Yellow River Diversion to Qingdao, Luanhe River Diversion to Tianjin and South-to-North Water Transfer Project.

(2) Building reservoirs-solving the seasonal variation of water resources. For example, the Xiaolangdi Reservoir on the main stream of the Yellow River and the Three Gorges Water Control Project on the main stream of the Yangtze River.

⑶ Saving water, using water scientifically, protecting water resources and preventing water pollution are effective ways to alleviate water shortage.

Section IV Marine Resources in China

1. Four famous products in China: Pseudosciaena crocea, Pseudosciaena crocea, hairtail and squid.

2. Four major fishing grounds: Huangbohai Fishing Ground, Zhoushan Fishing Ground (the largest in China), Nanhai Fishing Ground and Beibu Gulf Fishing Ground.

3. Yantian: China's largest North Road Changyian and South Ying Ge Yantian.

Junior high school geography must recite knowledge.

global climate

Section 1, Weather and Climate

1. Weather refers to the atmospheric conditions in a place in a short time. It is characterized by variability. Such as: storms, strong winds, etc.

2. Climate refers to the weather conditions in a place for many years. It is characterized by relative stability. For example, it is hot and dry, and Leng Xia is cool in winter.

3. Remember common weather symbols and read simple weather forecast charts.

Section 2, Temperature and Precipitation

1. temperature: (1) global annual average temperature distribution law: the temperature gradually decreases from low latitude to high latitude; The temperature of land and sea at the same latitude is different.

(2) The highest average temperature in a year in the northern hemisphere is July, and the lowest is 1 month; The southern hemisphere is the opposite.

2. Precipitation:

(1) Three precipitation forms: convective rain and frontal rain in topographic precipitation.

(2) The distribution law of global precipitation last year: there was more precipitation in equatorial belt; Less precipitation in polar regions; There is more precipitation on the east coast of the mainland, and less precipitation on the west coast on both sides of the Tropic of Cancer. There is less precipitation in mid-latitude inland areas and more precipitation in coastal areas.

3. Representation method of climate data:

(1), climate data table, coordinate map and contour map, etc.

(2) Give an example.

Section 3. Factors affecting climate

1. The factors that affect the climate are: the shape of the earth, the movement of the earth, the distribution of land and sea, topography and human activities, etc.

2, the movement of the earth (see table below).

Phenomenon caused by the rotation period in the direction of motion and the center direction.

The earth's axis rotates from west to east, alternating day and night.

The rotating sun changes from west to east all year round.

Note: Look at the P49 map of World Geography (Volume I) carefully.

3, the division of the five zones on the earth:

(1) Tropical: 23.5° N-23.5° S between the Tropic of Cancer (direct sunlight);

(2) North temperate zone: 23.5° N-66.5° N between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle (with seasonal variation);

(3) South temperate zone: 23.5° s-66.5° s between the Tropic of Capricorn and Antarctic Circle (with seasonal variation);

(4) Northern cold region: 66.5° N-90° N (day and night extremes) in the Arctic Circle;

5. South cold region: Antarctic circle 66.5° S-90° S (day and night extremes);

Note: From the distribution of five zones, Africa is the hottest and Antarctica is the coldest.

4. Land and sea distribution: In places with the same latitude, the land temperature is high in summer and the ocean temperature is low, but the opposite is true in winter.

5. Distribution of topography and landforms:

(1), different terrain, the temperature is different. For example, the precipitation and temperature on the east and west sides of the Andes are different.

(2) As the terrain rises, the temperature decreases. In general, the temperature drops by 0.6℃ every time the terrain rises 100 meters.

6. Human activities will affect the local climate. Such as: artificial afforestation, reservoir construction and irrigation projects.

Section IV Main Climate Types in the World

1, tropical climate:

Climatic characteristics of surface landscape types, main distribution areas

Tropical rain forest climate Tropical rain forest is hot and rainy all year round.

The tropical monsoon climate in Amazon Plain, Congo Basin and tropical monsoon forest of Malay Archipelago is hot all year round, with rainy season (June-65438+1October) and dry season (165438+1October-May of the following year).

The savanna climate in Indian Peninsula and Indochina Peninsula is hot all year round, and a year is divided into dry season (1 1- May of the following year) and rainy season (June-10).

The north and south sides of the tropical rain forest climate, such as Africa.

Tropical Desert Climate The tropical desert in Chinese mainland is hot and dry all year round, in West Asia, North Africa and central Australia.

2. Subtropical monsoon climate:

Climatic characteristics of surface landscape types, main distribution areas

Subtropical monsoon climate Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest is hot and rainy in summer, with four distinct seasons in southeast China, the United States, Brazil and other countries.

Mediterranean climate subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest is warm and rainy in winter and hot and dry in summer. The western part of the mainland is 30-40 degrees north and south latitude, and the Mediterranean coast is the most typical.

3. Temperate climate:

Climatic characteristics of surface landscape types, main distribution areas

Temperate monsoon climate Temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest is cold and dry in winter, warm and rainy in summer, with rain and heat in northeast China, southeast Russian, Korean Peninsula and nearby areas.

Temperate maritime climate Temperate grassland is warm in winter and cool in summer, with more annual precipitation and even seasonal distribution. The west coast of the continent in the mid-latitude region. For example, the Atlantic coast of western Europe.

Temperate continental climate: forests, grasslands and deserts are hot in winter and cold in summer. Eurasia and the inland areas of North America have more annual precipitation and rainy in summer.

Cold-resistant coniferous forests in the sub-frigid zone are long and cold in winter and short and warm in summer, with less precipitation in Russia and Canada.

4. Cold climate:

(1) Alpine plateau climate: It is mainly distributed in the mountainous plateau at middle and low latitudes, with low temperature and little precipitation, and the vertical change of natural landscape is the basic feature.

(2) Polar climate: (1) tundra climate: The arctic coast of Eurasia and North America is cold all year round, with moss and lichen distributed.

② Ice field climate: cold all year round. Mainly distributed in the Arctic and Antarctic, no plants grow.

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