Detailed data collection of Fenghuang Mountain site

Fenghuang Mountain Site (Zhantai Temple) is one of the sites of human activities in the Neolithic Age about six or seven thousand years ago, and it is a key cultural relic protection unit in Henan Province. The site is located in the north of Simen Village, Waizi Town, Xinye County, 5 meters above the ground, 550 meters long from north to south and 460 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of about 250,000 square meters. The cultural layer is 5 meters thick and divided into 5 layers. There are many skeletons and urn coffins under the cliff on the east side; Braised earth wall was found in Nanya; There is a hollow brick tomb of the Western Han Dynasty on the west side; On the east side of the cliff, the upper layer is braised soil, and the lower layer is irregular ash pits and ditches. In addition, there are stone axes, pottery spinning wheels, projectiles and antlers of different triangle sizes. This site is of great value to the study of ancient cultural exchanges between North and South in China.

Basic introduction Chinese name: Phoenix Mountain site basic type: EAB cultural layer code. : NYS-XYE-000-EAB-0 1 Location: Simen Village, Waizi Town, Xinye County, Nanyang City Year: Neolithic Age Area: Xinye County, Nanyang City, Henan Province Country: China North-South Length: 550m East-West Width: 460m. Area: about 250,000 square meters. Nature and characteristics, cultural relics protection, tourism information, development and protection, archaeological inference, ancient temples, folk customs, Buddhist activities, temple architectural planning, investment attraction, investment projects, Phoenix Mountain ruins, external and internal factors of nature and characteristics, monomer generation process, evolution history, personnel influence and other major environmental factors. Fenghuang Mountain Site, also known as Zhantai Temple, is one of the sites of human activities in the Neolithic Age about six or seven thousand years ago. The site is located on a mound in the north of Simen Village, Waizi Town, Xinye County. It is 5 meters above the ground, 550 meters long from north to south and 460 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of about 250,000 square meters. The cultural layer is 5 meters thick and divided into 5 layers; The first layer is the disturbing cultural layer; The second floor is mainly Longshan culture pottery; The third floor is the residue of the collapsed braised wall. The fourth floor contains Qujialing cultural pottery; The fifth floor contains Yangshao culture pottery. There are many skeletons and urn coffins under the cliff on the east side; Braised earth wall was found in Nanya; There is a hollow brick tomb of the Western Han Dynasty on the west side; On the east side of the cliff, the upper layer is braised soil, and the lower layer is irregular ash pits and ditches. Unearthed cultural relics include painted pottery pots, red pottery pot-shaped tripod with sand, duck-billed tripod and red pottery pots, pots and cups in Yangshao period; In Qujialing culture, there are sand-gray pottery pot-shaped ding, wide flat-footed ding, black pottery with broken belly beans, high-handle cups, round-footed plates, pots and bowls, etc. In Longshan culture, there are broken-bellied pot-shaped ding, straight-mouthed pot, carved pot, carved bean and so on. In addition, there are stone axes, pottery spinning wheels, projectiles and antlers of different sizes. Cultural relics protection This site is large in area, thick in accumulation and rich in connotation. Archaeological excavations have proved that Xinye has a long history and tribes were formed in the late Neolithic period. Now it is a provincial key cultural relics protection unit. Tourist information tourist area and access conditions (specific parts of the area where the monomer is located, access traffic, and the relationship with surrounding tourist distribution centers and major tourist areas (spots)): Fenghuang Mountain Site is located on a mound 200 meters north of Simen Village, Waizi Town, Xinye County, and the surrounding attractions include the former residence of Deng Yu, a famous Eastern Han Dynasty, and Xinye Macaque Breeding Base. It is adjacent to Henan 0 1 line south (Yang) to Xiang (Fan) highway in the east, away from Xinye Sanguo Scenic Area 15km in the south and 45km from Nanyang Wuhou Temple in the north. It is 20 kilometers to the west from the entrance and exit of Nan (Yang)-Deng (Zhou) Expressway under construction. Development, protection, protection and development status (single preservation status, protection measures, development status): Since 1980s, according to the principle of protection and maintenance of historical and cultural heritage, protection leading institutions have been established, and full-time cultural relics have been stationed to protect water conservancy, soil, vegetation and cultural layers in the region. Zhantai Temple, one of the four major temples in the Tang Dynasty, was built on the Phoenix Mountain. Phoenix Mountain in Waizi Town, Xinye County is a Neolithic cultural site in the upper reaches of Hanshui River. East of Liaohe River 1 km, west of Huangqugou (now the entrance and exit of Erguang Expressway), north of Dongpo Village, Ying Zhuang Town, Wolong District, and south of Simen Village of this town. It is not only the dividing line between ancient North and South cultures in China, but also the meeting point of ancient North and South cultures in China. The whole site looks like a phoenix, so it is called Phoenix Mountain in ancient and modern times. Phoenix Mountain is 550 meters long from north to south and 470 meters wide from east to west, with an area of 258,500 square meters (field survey in February 2006, the actual area is completely consistent with the early field survey of the Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau). Phoenix Mountain is a terrace with a slope, with a middle height of10.68m.. The cultural layer is about 5 meters thick, and the remains of primitive people and ancients are extremely rich. The cultural layer can be divided into five layers, the following four layers have obvious northern cultural characteristics, and the upper and surface layers obviously highlight the southern cultural characteristics. There are a large number of stones, bones, pottery, jade, porcelain, bronze and iron on the Phoenix Mountain, as well as a large number of tombs in the late primitive society and tombs in the Han Dynasty. Stone tools in primitive culture include stone axes, chisels, shovels and plows, as well as spinning wheels and projectiles. Bones include cones, chisels, trowels, knives, mussels and antlers. Pottery includes clay colored red pottery bottom bowl, colored red pottery spinning wheel, colored red pottery cup, black pottery carved hole beans, colored red pottery turtleneck jar, white colored pottery jar, polished red pottery pot and basin, bowl, urn, jar, tripod, etc. As far as the tripod foot is concerned, it is conical (hand-made pot-shaped tripod foot), with wide and flat paperback and flat finger pits on the side. The texture of pottery is fine mud, sand, mussels and so on. There are three colors: red, gray and black. Grain refers to plain surface, polishing, thickness, rope pattern, stripe, check pattern, scratch pattern, additional pile pattern, nail pattern, finger pit pattern, chord pattern, carving, painting and so on. Jade articles include shovel, yellow and so on. Relics can be seen in a large number of stewed soil surfaces, white lime soil surfaces, building foundations, ash pits, children's urns and coffins, the first and second funerals of adults. Except for Yangshao and Longshan periods, these remains have obvious cultural characteristics of Qujialing, and the number is also very rich. The eastern part of the site is slightly damaged due to the nitrate soil, and the cliff is 5 meters high (ending at 1980), and the south and west ends are also slightly damaged. These are of great value to the study of cultural exchanges between the north and the south in ancient China. In ancient times, due to the backward productivity at that time, people could only make a living by hunting and fishing, and their ability to resist natural disasters was quite poor. For this reason, people often live in dire straits. With the alternation of the sun and the moon, vicissitudes of life, social development and human evolution-people's ability to produce, live and resist natural disasters has been continuously improved, population growth, changes in natural ecology and improvement of people's intelligence have gradually shown a lifestyle of scattered living, self-cultivation and self-sufficiency. Archaeological inference According to archaeological inference, in ancient times, Fenghuang Mountain was once a crystal-clear lake with rippling blue waves. Fiona Fang is one hundred miles long and covered with shrubs. All kinds of birds live there. Later, due to the change of the earth's crust, the ground rose ...-Phoenix-shaped high platform (now the shells of the first to third cultural layers of Phoenix Mountain are clearly visible), on which the virgin forest was sliced, the ancient trees were lush and covered the sky, and many different animals (up to now) provided superior environmental conditions for human survival and development. With the change of the stars, people living around Phoenix Mountain think that the phoenix-shaped terrain created here is the sacred intention of the Jade Emperor and a symbol of good fortune given by the Buddha. Later, in order to remember their homeland and hope to give them auspicious dreams, people built Zhantai Temple, a religious and cultural activity place integrating Buddhism and Taoism, on the Phoenix Mountain. Millennium Temple Millennium Temple has a golden age. There are many ancient temples in Xinye Waizi Town-Zhantai Temple. (Records of the Annals Museum in Xinye County, Republic of China) Three Temple Views contain "Sandalwood Temple is forty miles northwest of the city. The temple is high and the terrain is vast. There is a Tang monument behind the main hall, and there is a lot of rubble nearby. Every time the villagers find Waqian and Yufu for farming, the factory will be returned. In recent years, the stone carving has disappeared. " There are still the same records in the Xinye County Annals published by the county in the 1980s. In the inscription of "Rebuilding Chongxing Temple" during the Ming Chenghua period of this temple, it is clearly engraved: ". ..？ Huang Qu has a place name of more than forty miles, and there is a temple on the east bank (where Phoenix Mountain is located), which is an ancient temple. .....,'。 In the thirty-sixth year of Qing Qianlong's reign, the inscription "Rebuilding the Lohan Tianwang Temple of Chongxing Temple" reads: "There is a temple forty miles north of Baining (now where Xinye County is located), whose name is Chongxing, which is also the ancient name of the temple. It is adjacent to Liaohe River in the east and Huangqu in the west (between Liaohe River and Huangqu, where Phoenix Mountain is located). In the 22nd year of Jiaqing, Qing Dynasty, the inscription "Sincerely Do Good and Redeem the Place" said: "There are many temples in this city, named Zhantai Temple, Guchongxing Temple ... The" public "building of the original primary school in Xinye Township is engraved with the inscription" The List of Meng Fu's Holding Life "in the 28th year of the Republic of China, and the" Yutan Temple "is called" Taiwan Temple ". In February 2006, when the author learned about Simen Village in Waizi Town, the 87-year-old Wang Yizu of Simen Administrative Village reflected: "The temple on the Phoenix Mountain was formerly known as Zhantai Temple. My master was a scholar in the Qing Dynasty. When I was a child, he taught me to write the name of this temple, which is the word "Zhan". To sum up, the same temple, the same place, was founded at the same time. Why are there so many titles? After in-depth understanding, on-the-spot investigation and consulting relevant materials, the author carefully studied the original inscriptions on some existing temple stone tablets, inspected the landform of the old temple site, and identified many relics of the temple. According to the preliminary test,' occupy time' is consistent with' fight', which means to occupy a high place. The Jade Emperor Temple was built on the Phoenix Mountain, and four Buddhist temples were built after the second century A.D. (the Mahayana teaching method was first followed by the Mahayana teaching method). The temple platform is more than 0 meter above the ground/kloc-0, so it is called "Zhantai Temple". The name of this temple has obvious advantages in using topographic features. Later, the word "Zhan" in the inscription of Zhantai Temple seems to be based solely on the word "Zhan". It is meaningless to explore its meaning from other aspects. For this reason, I dare not take the name rashly. According to Buddhist teachings, the title of "Henggu Temple" is a kind of honorific title for temples, so the title of "Henggu Temple" not only conforms to the teachings of canon, but also expresses the wishes of Buddhists and believers. For example, in Guan Xiu's poem "Visit to Jinhua Mountain Buddhist Temple", he said: "There used to be bodhisattvas and monks on our land, and waterfalls collapsed in the temples of Sandalwood House. "According to legend, the original' Temple of Heaven' was recorded in the inscription on the Tang tablet, which was known as one of the four major temples in the Tang Dynasty. This reflects that the monks of the temple made great contributions to maintaining the dominant position of the Tang Dynasty in the local area. In the tenth year of Emperor Taizong, Emperor Taizong Li Shimin personally inscribed the temple and gave it a gold plaque "Full of Buddha's Light and Yu Zeng". Unfortunately, the Tang tablet was damaged early, and the gold tablet was stolen by bandits, and there was no whereabouts. It can be seen that the names of the "three temples" recorded in the county annals are well-founded. As for the title of "Chongxing Temple", it is probably due to the psychological function of Buddhists and believers. They think that the temple is magnificent and magnificent, endowed by the Buddha, full of vitality and vitality, and has been inspired by all directions. So there is hope to be blessed and maintained all the year round. The author thinks that the title "Chongxing Temple" is only suitable as the name of the temple, and whether it can be the only accurate name of the temple still needs careful consideration. Folklore As for the title of "Zhantai Temple", it is purely a folk name and comes from folklore. When talking about this legend, four groups of 89-year-old Wang Zizhen in Simen Village said, when I was eleven or twelve years old, I heard old people say that one morning when a monk was sweeping the floor in the temple, he said to a Buddha statue, why don't you stand up and ask me to sweep that place? After all, the Buddha really stood with him. Since then, people have called the temple of Phoenix Mountain "Litai Temple". Therefore, the name of the temple should not be used. Explanation on the Feasibility of Making Zhantai Temple a Buddhist Activity Site According to the relevant provisions of the National Regulations on Religious Affairs and the Regulations on Religious Affairs of Henan Province and the requirements of the majority of religious believers, the situation of restoring Zhantai Temple as a Buddhist Activity Site is as follows: Zhantai Temple is located 22km north of the county seat, 2km east of the location of Weizi Town, east of Shahe River 1km, and north of Xiaoshenying Natural Village and Temple in Dongpo Village, Ying Zhuang, Wolong District. Zhantai Temple was built next to Phoenix Mountain. Because Phoenix Mountain is the place where primitive people lived and produced in Neolithic Age, the terrain of Phoenix Mountain is like the shape of a phoenix, so later generations regard it as an expensive place with auspicious meaning. Zhantai Temple has a long history. In the Tang Dynasty, the inscription "Rebuilding the Luohan Tianwang Temple Monument in Chongxing Temple" wrote: "I don't know when it will be built ..." According to local legends, the temple was built in the early Tang Dynasty and is famous for occupying (occupying) Taiwan (Taiwan Province: referring to the barren hills of Phoenix Mountain). There is the Jade Emperor in the temple, and people expect the gods to bless them and guide them to get lost, with good weather and abundant crops. In the year of Tang Wude 10 (AD 627, there was a black stone carving in Zhantai Temple), the temple was expanded, including five Buddhist temples, including Sakya and Galand, and more than 200 houses, such as Niangniang Temple, Wenchang Pavilion, Mars Pavilion, Bell and Drum Tower and Theater, as well as stone lions, sheep and monkeys. Monks/kloc-more than 0/00 people, the temple area is more than five hectares, and most of them are cultivated by poor households near the village. The whole temple is resplendent and magnificent, with towering ancient trees, incense filled the air, full of spirit, merchants gathered, and unprecedented pomp. Near the petrochemical street in the west of Temple, the logistics exchange is very prosperous. Folk acrobatics, folk art rap, drama performances and other activities were very active, forming a prosperous metropolis in Fiona Fang for dozens of miles (Xinye County Records has been published for three years), so it was called one of the four major temples in the Tang Dynasty at that time. From the 10th year of Tang Wude to the early Yuan Dynasty (about AD 12 16), the name of the temple was changed from "Zhantai Temple" to "Tan Yong Temple" (recorded in Xinye County Chronicles and Xinye County Chronicles published in 1980s). From the early years of Yuan Dynasty (about 12 17) to Jiaqing 2 1 year in Qing Dynasty ("18 16"), he felt that the Buddha was generous and inspiring because of his devotion to Buddhism (see Chenghua in Ming Dynasty) lt； About AD 1425) "Rebuilding Chongxing Temple"), and renamed the "Eternal Tan Temple" Chongxing Temple, and the name of this temple was extended to Jiaqing 2 1 year in Qing Dynasty. After the reconstruction of Chongxing Temple in Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty, many domestic businesses donated money to the temple (Daming Zhengde four years &; lt； AD 1492) Inscription of newly donated stone Buddha statues). In the twenty-second year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty, monasteries were repeatedly damaged by lost bottles and local evil forces. In order to protect the lives of the temple and the surrounding villagers, the monks in the temple fought tenaciously. Since then, people have called "Chongxing Temple" Zhantai Temple (see the inscription "Sincerely Doing Good and Redeeming the Place" in the 22nd year of Jiaqing, which contains "There are many temples in the north of the city, and Zhantai Temple is famous, and Guchongxing Temple also ... occupies Taiwan Temple and is a place for Buddhist activities, which lasted until the end of the Republic of China. According to the inscription in the Naming of Mengfu Building in the 28th year of the Republic of China, due to the serious banditry in Zhantai Temple, most houses in Zhantai Temple were demolished at the end of the Republic of China to build Simen Primary School and Fan Ji Complete Primary School. Since then, this Millennium temple has almost disappeared. At present, although there is no complete temple here, there are still many pilgrims coming to worship. They have repeatedly urged relevant departments to repair temples as soon as possible and provide venues for activities. However, due to various reasons, the wishes of believers have not been realized, and they often go out to other Buddhist places in droves. Because of the long distance, there are not only security risks, but also certain economic losses for them, and at the same time, it brings many difficulties to the management of religious activities. In order to carry forward Buddhist culture, respect freedom of belief, ensure the personal safety of believers and reduce their economic burden, at the same time, in order to invigorate local cultural life, promote the economic development of the region and better combine religion with tourism, it is necessary to build it as soon as possible. The address of the temple is located in the west of Fenghuang Mountain Site, a provincial key cultural relics protection unit and a provincial tourist attraction, north of Waishi Road and west of Deng Nan Expressway, with obvious geographical advantages. The temples are far away from villages and units, which do not hinder the normal production and life of units and people, and do not occupy basic farmland for restoration and reconstruction. The required funds are raised and guaranteed by donations from Buddhists and Buddhists. Under the guidance of the county Buddhist Association, a preparatory organization attended by local Buddhist believers, representatives of religious figures and religious figures was drawn up, and relevant systems were formulated. At the same time, the construction and layout of the temple have been comprehensively and reasonably planned with relevant departments, which can ensure the smooth progress of the preparatory work. Upon completion, it will form an eco-tourism belt with a length of about 15 km with the beautiful and charming Lotus Lake in the west and the famous Jingjing Mountain in the east. In view of the historical religious position, function and influence of Zhantai Temple, combined with the demand of Buddhist sites in the county, the distribution of Buddhist believers and the mass religious activities, according to the provisions of the National Regulations on Religious Affairs and the Regulations on Religious Affairs of Henan Province, it meets the conditions for establishing a Buddhist activity site to occupy Taiwan Temple according to law, which is conducive to meeting the religious life needs of Buddhist believers, giving full play to the positive factors of Buddhist culture, prospering the local economy, promoting harmony in the religious field and promoting the construction of a new socialist countryside. Now the temple planning is briefly described as follows: the completed Zhantai Temple consists of three parts: First, five antique halls will be built in the temple. Milai Buddha Hall, Four Heavenly Kings Hall, Guanyin Bodhisattva Hall, Tathagata Buddha Hall and Jade Emperor Hall (implemented in batches). Second, restore the Niangniang Temple, Wenchang Pavilion, Mars Pavilion, Bell Tower and Theater. 3. A mountain gate is set in front of the temple, and a small lake, including pavilions, pontoons, rockeries, fountains, yachts, etc., is opened in the west and north of the temple by using natural terrain. For tourists and believers to enjoy, and planting scenic forests and flowers inside and outside the temple to increase the landscape. Temple purpose: to raise temples with temples, take them from the people and use them for the people, carry forward Buddhist culture, support the development of public welfare undertakings, promote social civilization and promote economic development. It is helpful to benefit one side to attract investment to rebuild Suiyuan Zhantai Temple. Welcome people from all walks of life to discuss investment matters. Phoenix Mountain is the place where primitive people lived and produced in Neolithic Age, just like the shape of a phoenix, so it is regarded as a treasure and precious place by later generations, and it also has auspicious meaning. In history, there is Zhantai Temple in Fenghuang Mountain, where the thrones of the Jade Emperor, Sakyamuni, Galand and other Buddhist temples are enshrined. There are more than 200 houses in the temple, such as Niangniang Temple, Wenchang Pavilion, Mars Pavilion, Bell and Drum Tower and Theater. The whole temple is resplendent and magnificent. Reconstruction project content: Rebuild Zhantai Temple and restore the original buildings such as Niangniang Temple, Wenchang Pavilion and Shishi. Platform Temple Network-Bird's Eye View of Reconstruction Platform Temple Investment Project Introduction of Phoenix Mountain Tourism Development Project in Xinye Waizi Project Background Phoenix Mountain is the place where primitive people lived and produced in Neolithic Age, which looks like a phoenix, so it is regarded as a treasure and precious place by later generations and has auspicious meaning. Historically, there was a Zhantai Temple in Phoenix Mountain, where the Jade Emperor was enshrined, and there were thrones of Buddha halls such as Sakyamuni and Galand. There are more than 200 houses in the temple, such as Niangniang Temple, Wenchang Pavilion, Mars Pavilion, Bell and Drum Tower and Theater. The whole temple is magnificent, magnificent and full of fragrance. Now it is close to the entrance and exit of Erguang Expressway and has a superior geographical position. The content of the project is to rebuild Zhantai Temple and restore the original buildings such as Niangniang Temple, Wenchang Pavilion and Shishi. It is estimated that the project needs 30 million yuan, of which 2 million yuan has been invested locally, and the rest can be invested by the developers themselves. The benefit analysis is based on the developer's investment of 28 million yuan. After the project is completed, the annual sales income is 48 million yuan and the profit and tax is 4.6 million yuan, and all the investment can be recovered in 7 years. Cooperation mode: this project adopts joint venture mode. Contact information Contact unit: Phoenix Mountain Site of Xinye Waizi Phoenix Mountain Tourism Development Project The Phoenix Mountain Site in Meixian District is located at the foot of Phoenix Mountain in Hongxing Village, Shejiang Town, Meixian District, Meizhou City, Guangdong Province. The year is Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Found in 1982. Pots include kettles, pots, bowls, etc. Decorative patterns include basket patterns, checkered patterns, zigzag patterns, rope patterns and so on. Stone tools include axes, spears, chisels, knives, bows, spears, arrows and grindstones.