More meteorological knowledge

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Impact on agricultural production

Impact on aviation

Injury to the army

Impact on traffic

Impact on the industry

Relationship with insurance industry

Impact on the industry

Relationship with insurance industry

Edit the explanation of this paragraph.

1. Atmospheric conditions and phenomena, such as wind, lightning, thunder, frost, snow, etc.

2. meteorology.

3. Scenes; Situation.

Like a new atmosphere.

The general name of various physical phenomena and processes in the atmosphere, such as cold and hot, dry and wet, wind, clouds, rain, snow, frost, fog, lightning and so on.

Edit this observation.

Meteorological observation items include: temperature, humidity, ground temperature, wind direction and speed, precipitation, sunshine, air pressure and weather phenomena.

Edit this weather

The objects of meteorological research are the laws of atmospheric motion in each layer of the atmosphere, the weather phenomena in the troposphere and the distribution of drought, flood and cold and warm on the ground.

Such as clouds, fog, rain, snow, hail, lightning, typhoon, cold wave and so on. Are our common weather phenomena.

Its research scope is the atmosphere on the earth's surface, which is about 3000 kilometers thick and can be divided into troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, natural layer and outer layer from bottom to top.

1. halo

There is a cloud in the sky. When sunlight or moonlight refracts and reflects through ice crystals in clouds, it will produce a colorful halo around the sun or moon. The order of halo colors is internal infrared purple.

These seven color rings are called solar halo or lunar halo, which are collectively called solar halo.

Among them, the halo with an angular radius of 22 degrees is the most common for observers, which is called 22-degree halo. Occasionally, you can see a halo with an angular radius of 46 degrees and other forms of halo-like light arcs.

Halo occurs because of cirrostratus, and cirrostratus is often hundreds of kilometers away from the rain front area. With the advance of the front, the rain area may move in the near future, so halo often becomes a harbinger of rainy weather.

2. China

There is a transparent thin cloud in the sky, and the water droplets in the cloud are uniform in size. If the cloud is composed of ice crystals, the ice crystals should be uniform in size.

Moonlight or sunlight is diffracted by uniform cloud droplets (water droplets or ice crystals) when passing through the clouds, resulting in an inner ultraviolet red ring around the moon or sun, which is called Hua.

Because the sun is too bright, it is not easy for people to observe the sunrise, and moonlight is more common.

The flowers near the moon disk are also called canopy. Usually the purple of the canopy is not obvious, so the inner ring is blue-green, the outer ring is mainly yellow, and the outer ring is red.

Sometimes after a dark circle outside the crown, one or even several concentric rings with the same color order as the crown appear, but the brightness is much weaker, which is called Yahua.

3. Rainbow and neon

Sunlight, which contains seven colors of light, is water droplets (raindrops or fog droplets) injected into the atmosphere. Various colors of light can be refracted and reflected to form a colorful light arc ring on the rain curtain or fog curtain.

When the angle radius of the light arc ring to the observer is about 42 degrees and the halo color sequence is internal ultraviolet red, it is called rainbow.

On the outside of the rainbow, sometimes a weak color halo appears, and the angular radius of the halo to the observer is about 52 degrees. The order of color rings is opposite to that of rainbow, that is, internal infrared purple, which is called neon or auxiliary rainbow.

Rainbow and neon can only be observed if they stand with their backs to the sun.

In summer evening, when the sky in the west is sunny and the sky in the east is rainy, it is easiest to see rainbows and neon lights.

4. Dusk

Before sunrise, that is, before the sun is above the horizon, the sun shines into the upper atmosphere and is scattered by atmospheric molecules, resulting in a slightly brighter sky and a slightly brighter ground. The light from this moment until the sun comes out of the horizon is called dawn.

After sunset, that is, after the sun falls below the horizon, there is still a time when the sun can shine on the upper atmosphere, and the sky and the ground remain dark because of the scattering of air molecules. This light is called dusk.

The photosynthesis of dawn and dusk is called twilight.

Dawn is called dawn, and dusk is called dusk.

Due to the different standards for the beginning and end of dawn, it is usually divided into civil twilight, sea dawn and astronomical dawn.

On sunny days, when the angle of the sun below the horizon is about 7 degrees, civil dawn begins and dusk ends; At about 12 degrees, the voyage begins at dawn and ends at dusk; At about 18 degrees, astronomical dawn begins and dusk ends.

The duration of dusk is the shortest at the equator and increases with the increase of latitude.

Edit the related words in this paragraph.

Meteorological Observatory: A scientific institution that observes, studies and forecasts the weather in the atmosphere.

Smaller ones include weather stations and weather stations.

Colorful weather: describe all kinds of scenery and things, very spectacular.

The influence of editing this paragraph on agricultural production

Crops grow in nature and are not affected by meteorological conditions all the time, so agricultural production is closely related to meteorology.

Wind, rain, snow and hail.

Meteorological conditions such as cold, heat and light have great influence on agricultural production activities.

These effects are mainly manifested in low temperature and continuous rain in spring, cold dew wind, dry hot wind of wheat in northern winter wheat area, low temperature in northeast summer, autumn rain in South China, Jianghuai, drought, waterlogging, frost, high temperature, hail and strong wind, etc., which have an impact on crop harvest.

According to statistics, during the 40 years from 1949 to 1988, crops in China suffered from meteorological disasters such as floods, droughts, hail and frost, with an average annual disaster area of 3,300 hectares, including 1400 hectares, and more than 20 billion Jin of grain was lost each year due to disasters.

It can be seen that it is very important to understand and master the local weather and climate laws, and actively take defensive measures to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages.

The influence of editing this paragraph on aviation

As we all know, both the take-off and landing of aircraft and high-altitude flight are restricted by meteorological conditions.

There are quite a few aviation accidents caused by meteorological reasons.

According to American statistics, from 1959 to 1979, 59.9% of serious flight accidents occurred in the take-off and landing phases, which were related to meteorology.

According to the statistics of the International Aviation Organization, there are 2 aviation accidents 1 year due to meteorological reasons, accounting for 38.9% of the total accidents.

From 1962 to 1988, the analysis of 53 flight accidents caused by meteorological reasons in the United States shows that there are 23 accidents caused by thunderstorms and heavy rains, including windshear 1 1, strong turbulence 10, ice accumulation and water skiing/kloc.

Aviation accidents caused by these meteorological disasters are extremely serious.

For example,197365438+On February 27th, a DL9-32 aircraft of Delta Air Lines of the United States was hit by heavy rain when it landed at Monista Airport in Tennessee. The pilot misjudged the light because the light was refracted by the big water droplets on the windshield, and the plane hit the lamppost.

On June 27th, 1975, a Boeing 727 of China Eastern Airlines crashed due to low-level wind shear when landing at JFK airport in new york, killing 1 13 people.

The air crash shocked the American aviation industry.

1982 65438+1October13rd, the wing and fuselage of a Boeing 737, which claimed to be the safest passenger plane, were severely frozen during take-off, causing the nose to fly up and the fuselage to hit a bridge and break in two. Fell into the Tom Mack River in Washington.

1972 On February 27th, an Il 18 plane crashed outside the airport due to poor visibility, and so on.

The harm of editing this paragraph to the army

Since ancient times, military affairs and meteorology have been inextricably linked.

The influence of meteorology on combat has always been valued by military strategists.

Judging from the famous war cases in history, the meteorological disasters that are harmful to the war include rainstorm and flood, typhoon, freezing, high temperature, fog and meteorological diseases.

For example, the rainstorm and flood disaster: 1865438+ 18 On June 5th, in the famous Battle of Waterloo, on the eve of the decisive battle, it suddenly rained heavily, and the roads in the fields were muddy, making it difficult for the soldiers and horses to walk.

The French reinforcements could not arrive, which led to Napoleon's defeat and exile to death.

Cold injury: Hitler 194 1 attacked the Soviet Union, and1was hit by a cold wave in early October. On February 4, 65438, the temperature in Moscow dropped below -30℃, the gasoline solidified, which made the German tanks unable to move and the gun sight failed. The soldiers were not prepared for the cold, and 1 10000 people suffered from frostbite.

The Soviets took advantage of this favorable day to launch a large-scale counterattack, and Dekou lost about 1, 654,380+troops, and finally ended in failure.

Fog disaster: 1776 On August 29th, during the American Revolutionary War, Washington resisted the British army near new york and was besieged. At the critical moment, the night fell into a fog.

Washington escaped the fog and drought.

After that, it was not until 65438+February that the situation was reversed.

Malaria: During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, 65,438+10,000 Japanese troops attacked Yunnan from Myanmar and were blocked by the Nujiang River in a corner of western Yunnan. Japanese officers and men suffered from miasma, which caused half of the Japanese troops to die without fighting.

The influence of editing this paragraph on traffic

Land, sea and air traffic are affected by wind, fog, visibility, rainstorm, ice and snow, thunderstorm, water accumulation and other meteorological conditions. Sea fog will make passenger ships, commercial fishing boats and ships have the danger of yaw, hitting rocks, grounding and collision.

According to statistics, during the six years from 1948 to 1953, 60% of the 9 10 maritime accidents in Japan were caused by dense fog and low-pressure storm weather. Poor visibility is likely to cause the aircraft to drift and get lost, which will affect the safe landing when landing; Heavy rain will cause floods. There were 32 floods in chengdu-kunming railway 1988 * *, among which 19 railway was interrupted, which seriously threatened the safety of railway transportation. 1in late February, 1989, due to the snowstorm in Nanjing, more than 24 long-distance and short-distance buses were stopped, more than 6,000 passengers were stranded at the station, and the airport was closed for 5 days.

In addition, high temperature, rain and snow often increase traffic accidents.

In a word, weather has a lot of influence on traffic. In order to ensure safety, in addition to further improving aviation and marine meteorology, it is necessary to carry out various professional meteorological technology research.

The influence of editing this paragraph on industry

The influence of meteorology on industrial production is very extensive.

Whether it is the choice of factory site, the design of spacious rooms, the storage and manufacture of raw materials, the storage and transportation of products, it is affected by meteorological conditions such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind power and solar radiation.

Especially disastrous weather, such as tropical storms and typhoons, heavy rains and floods, power transmission lines interrupted or factories and equipment damaged, warehouses flooded, workers killed or injured, unable to go to work, etc. Insufficient water supply caused by drought; Fire caused by lightning; Freezing damage such as water pipes and oil pipelines caused by low temperature; High temperature and low humidity are easy to induce fire and explosion; High temperature and humidity easily lead to corrosion and mildew of raw materials, which affects workers' health and production efficiency, and directly or indirectly affects industrial production.

Through investigation and analysis, it is concluded that there are more industrial accidents in high temperature season than in other seasons; When the temperature and humidity in the workshop of cotton mill suddenly drop, the broken ends of cotton yarn increase.

According to the investigation of Cangzhou Gas Bureau, Hebei Province, the production of sea salt is not only affected by precipitation weather.

But also affected by temperature.

When cold air attacks, the daily temperature drops above 8℃ and the lowest temperature is below 5℃, which can produce mirabilite and reduce the salt production; When the maximum temperature is above 33℃, the relative humidity is below 30% and the wind speed is above 8m/s, the specific gravity of brine will change rapidly due to the increase of evaporation, which will easily produce magnesium chloride and affect the salt production.

In a word, meteorology affects all aspects of industrial production.

Edit the relationship between this paragraph and the insurance industry

The relationship between meteorology and insurance industry is to provide meteorological information to insurance departments and insured households in time through meteorological departments, and insurance departments urge insured households to take effective defensive measures against adverse weather to reduce losses caused by meteorological disasters.

By reducing compensation.

For example, the Meteorological Bureau of beipiao city, Liaoning Province timely sends weather forecasts to insurance companies and many insured units through the meteorological early warning system, urging the insured units to take the initiative to guard against meteorological disasters, so that the insurance premium compensation expenditure decreases year by year from 1984 to 1986, and from 1984 to 1984.

Another example is that the insurance company in Hongan County, Hubei Province failed to get in touch with the meteorological department on 1986, and failed to urge the insured units to do a good job in meteorological disaster prevention. As a result, an 8-magnitude gale caused great losses to the insured unit and compensated more than 60 thousand yuan.

After contacting the meteorological department, there was a strong wind of Grade 9 on April 25th 1987. As a result, they informed the relevant insured units to take precautions in time, and the losses caused by the insured units were only a few hundred yuan.

Practice has proved that the combination of meteorology and insurance work is an effective way to alleviate natural disasters.