Who is the leader of the organization of outwitting the birth class?

Wisdom wins the birth class

Breakthrough of key and difficult points

Describing characters by describing their movements and language is a major feature of this paper. This paper creates two groups of characters: one is the escort agency headed by Yang Zhi, and the other is the Eight Xia headed by Chao Gai.

Yang Zhi is a main character portrayed in this paper. He is a "three-generation queen", and "one knife, one gun, one wife and one son" is his life purpose. To achieve this goal, he can compromise. The loss of "Hua Shigang" did not shake his desire to pursue "fame and fortune", and Gao Qiu's refusal failed to pull him back from this road. After expelling the army and winning the favor of Liang Zhongshu, he willingly attached himself to corrupt officials and accepted the dangerous task of escorting the aristocratic class. After accepting the appointment, in order to prevent "strongman", he pretended to be a businessman. All these practices show his sophistication and shrewdness. During the escort, regardless of the hot weather, the difficult mountain road and the heavy burden, he forced the imperial guards to hurry, not allowed to rest and drink, and went his own way, often beating and cursing, which was very violent. The abuse of the imperial army and the intensification of contradictions are important factors that constitute Yang Zhi's failure. Another important factor is offending the old manager sent by Liang Zhongshu to monitor him. When Lao Du Guan stood with Hou Yu and Jun Jian against him, he was completely isolated. In the battle of wits and courage in Huangnigang, we can still see Yang Zhi's cautious and shrewd character. For example, if you encounter a forest, you are worried that there is an ambush, and you are not allowed to rest here. Seeing Junjian want to buy wine to quench his thirst, he immediately thought of the harm of antiperspirant and categorically banned it; Seeing that there is nothing wrong with the jujube seller after drinking, you can rest assured that Junjian will buy wine to drink; Even the last time I followed it, I thought it over carefully. It can be said that Yang Zhi in his works is a capable, meticulous, arrogant and headstrong official fan image.

Eight Masters headed by Chao Gai: a group with close unity, resourcefulness and courage to challenge corrupt officials. The works mainly describe heroes. They think that the birth class is ill-gotten gains, so they are determined to get it. Led by classical organizations, Wu Yong gave advice, Liu Tang and Gongsun Sheng sent messages, and Sanruan and Bai Sheng actively participated, and * * * agreed to Huang Nigang's plan. They made full use of the bad weather (extremely hot climate), geographical location (pine forest on the mountain) and the internal discord of the guards, killed each other, cooperated closely, and tactfully adopted a series of offensive tactics to paralyze, seduce, confuse, shake and disintegrate their opponents, so that Yang Zhi and his party were finally trapped and won the 11th Golden Globe Award without firing a shot.

Description of key points and difficulties

The focus of this paper is to use the writing method of open line and dark line. In the novel, Yang Zhi escorted the gold and silver bear in the open line, and the uprising hero outwitted the birth class in the dark line. The two clues intersect at Huangnigang, and the truth finally comes out. The novel writes dark lines through open lines and positive characters through negative characters. This writing has three advantages: first, it can cause suspense; Second, it can arouse readers' broad imagination; Third, it can highlight the theme more perfectly.

The difficulty of this paper lies in why the author writes Yang Zhi with wisdom and courage. This is of course because Yang Zhi later joined the Rebel Army and was a member of Liangshan heroes, but more importantly, he wanted to learn from the heroes of Birthday Class. If Chang Zhi is a fatuous and cowardly person, he can't highlight the great wisdom and courage of the uprising hero.

Core knowledge

Outlaws of the Marsh is a novel of Ming Dynasty, and it is also the first novel describing the whole process of peasant uprising in the history of China literature. It was not written by one person at a time, but compiled by writer Shi Naian according to folk oral legends and artists' speeches and singing. "Water Margin" focuses on exposing the evils of feudal rule, digging up the roots of peasant uprising, and revealing the theme of "officials force the people to rebel, and the people have to rebel". This novel has successfully created many glorious heroic images of the uprising. Such as Lu, Lin Chong,.

The outline of outwitting a birth is excerpted from the 16th chapter of Water Margin, and the title is Yang Zhi escorting a gold and silver bear, and Wu Yongzhi outwitting a birth outline. There are two clues when telling a story. One is Yang Zhi's escort of the birth class, and the other is Wu Yong and others' outwit of the birth class. Before Yang Zhi and his party arrived at Huangnigang, the clue that Yang Zhi escorted the birth class was a bright line. The clue of Wu Yongzhi's delivery class is a black line. After Yang Zhi and his party arrived at Huangnigang, the two clues were intertwined and parallel. Yang Zhi's side has long been on guard, and he is on guard everywhere. Wu uses this side, he is determined to win, and his trick is a trick. The two sides launched a battle of wits.

Words to master: argument and argument.

Pay attention to the difference between spoken Chinese and modern Chinese: eleven compartments are full of sighs and boasting. Bragging: ancient meaning: because it is hot and tired, hold your breath in your mouth; Today's meaning: exaggeration Go there! And sleep, but ignore it. Concern: ancient meaning: evaluation; Modern significance: demonstration, calculation and comparison. That controversy was advocated by Wu Yong. Care: ancient meaning: strategy; Modern significance: demonstration, calculation and comparison.

Text background knowledge

Shi Naian was born in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. According to the records of his family monument and genealogy, Junyun is a Xin Wei Jinshi; Or Yun, born in 1296 and died in 1370. (However, according to the historical data of new cultural relics since 198 1, there are many contradictions that cannot be explained, so it is possible to suspect that it was born around 1307 or 13 17, and the record of "Xin Wei Jinshi" is wrong. Academic research is still going on. According to legend, he is the son of a boatman. At the age of thirteen, he entered the private school of Hushu Museum, and he was a scholar at the age of nineteen, a scholar at the age of twenty-nine and thirty, and a scholar at the age of thirty-five. Between the ages of 35 and 40, I worked as an official in Qiantang for two years. I was at odds with the powerful people in power and left before my term expired. Later, he returned to Suzhou to write a book. In the sixteenth year of Zheng Zheng, Zhang Shicheng was under the rule of Wu, but he did not apply for the post first, and then entered the tent of meeting. He left in 23 years and taught at Heyangshan and Zhuyang in Changshu (now Shazhou County). Hong went from north to south, returned to Xinghua and settled in Baiju Town (now Dafeng). From the first year of Hongwu to the third year of Hongwu, Liu Ji visited Bai Juyi and wanted to recommend him as an official, but he refused to resign. He died in Huai 'an at the age of 75, writing Water Margin. He made friends with Liu Ji, Lu Yuan, Liu Liang and Gu Biao. Luo Guanzhong is his master.

Comprehensive use of words

1. Explanation of words:

(z ǐ n) OK: Let's go.

Awkward place: when things are easy to go wrong.

Argument: Show off your breath.

Look at each other face to face (qù): Look at each other face to face and become speechless. Hometown: mutual.

2. Discrimination of word meaning:

Extended knowledge retrieval

The Water Margin has had an immeasurable and far-reaching impact on the actions of the people against the feudal ruling class in later generations. Some leaders of the people's resistance movement often get inspiration from Water Margin and use it as learning materials to imitate everything written in it in thought and action. This is first manifested in tactics and tactical imitation. "Five Stones", written by Qing people, said that Zhang "makes people say that books such as Water Margin and Romance of the Three Kingdoms are all valid if they are ambushed or attacked". Secondly, some leaders of the people's resistance movement also directly adopted the slogan of Water Margin to express the policy requirements of the uprising team. Li Zicheng and Hong Xiuquan both claimed to be "dedicated to Heaven and advocating benevolence and righteousness", and the banner of the Boxer Rebellion read "Walk for Heaven". In addition, some leaders of the people's resistance movement even took the names and nicknames of heroes in the Water Margin as their own names and nicknames. Shi Dakai, one of the leaders of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, once called himself Little Song Gongming. All these strongly illustrate the remarkable influence of the book "Water Margin" on the people's resistance movement in later generations.

Text reading guidance

After reading this article, you should understand how it eulogizes the uprising hero around the word "wisdom" This problem can be analyzed from the plot. The story is divided into two parts: the first part describes the contradiction on Yang Zhi's escort road, which lays the foundation for the hero's intelligence. The second part describes a psychological war planned by Wu Yong, and praises the "wisdom" of the uprising hero around the central event of selling wine and buying wine. In addition, it can also be analyzed from the character image. The article is full of Yang Zhi's shrewdness, but it just sets off the great wisdom and courage of the uprising hero.

The narrative clues of this paper are also the focus of learning. There are two clues in this paper, one is clear and the other is dark, which should be understood from the title. The subject of this sentence is the uprising hero, so the uprising hero is the protagonist, but they are rarely written in the text, and a lot of space is used to write the escort, forming two clues: one is bright and the other is dark.

Text structure analysis

According to the development process of contradiction, the full text can be divided into two parts.

The first part (1 ~ 6) describes the contradiction between rest and non-rest, which lays the foundation for the wisdom of heroes. It can be divided into four layers.

On the first floor (1 paragraph), it was written that the imperial army wanted to rest, but Hou Yu couldn't keep up, and Yang Zhi beat and cursed. Contradictions have arisen.

On the second floor (the second paragraph), it is written that the imperial guards are "dissatisfied", and when they wait, they "talk" and the old manager "annoys him", and the party who wants to rest should unite. Contradictory development.

The third layer (paragraphs 3 ~ 4) is about the counterattack of the party who wants to rest. The contradiction intensified.

On the fourth floor (5 ~ 6 paragraphs), Yang Zhi gave in. The contradiction eased.

The second part (7 ~ 13) describes the contradiction between buying and not buying (including two pairs of contradictions, one is the contradiction between the military department and Korea buying wine and Yang Zhi not letting them buy wine, and the other is the contradiction between heroes tempting them to buy wine and Yang Zhi resisting temptation), explaining the process of heroes outwitting them. Divided into four layers.

On the first floor (paragraphs 7-9), it was written that Bai Sheng was selling wine, and Han Jun wanted to buy it, but Yang Zhi stopped him. Contradictions have arisen.

On the second floor (paragraph 10), it is written that jujube vendors drink alcohol to dispel doubts. Contradictory development.

On the third floor (paragraph 1 1 ~ 12), it is written that Yang Zhi was recruited and the hero won. Conflict resolution.

On the fourth floor (13), the hero's name and the process of taking medicine were added to ease the suspense.

Text content analysis

This paper describes the process of obtaining birthdays of peasant heroes such as Chao Gai and Wu Yong. Through the failure of Yang Zhi's birthday escort, the article shows the wisdom and strength of the uprising hero in the resistance struggle.

Characteristics of text writing

1. Successfully used supplementary narrative. At the end of the story, this paper explains the names of Wu Yong, Chao Gai and others and the process of taking medicine, so that readers can solve their doubts, understand who is selling wine and jujube, and how to put antiperspirant into wine. This way of writing makes the article concentrated, concise, vivid and interesting, causing suspense, which is directly related to Chen Qi and has more artistic power to attract readers.

2. The first part of the text is actually written by Yang Zhi, who is smart and capable and safe to look at everywhere. However, many contradictions hide the crisis, thus falsely writing the wisdom of the uprising farmers (the uprising farmers have already set a trap in Huangnigang to wait for work). The second part describes the ingenious plan of peasant uprising, which puts Yang Zhi in a doomed position, indicating that there are strong people among the strong. However, it's hard to guess. It's just how the "jujube vendor" buys wine to drink, and it's not clear when to put the medicine into the wine. I didn't understand the explanation until the end of the article, which made the story more tortuous and suspenseful. The author adopts the writing style of alternating reality and detail, which increases the mystery of the novel.

Appreciation of sentence taste

This song sung by Bai Sheng first highlights the seriousness of drought by exaggeration, and then describes the different psychology and modality of farmers and landlords by contrast, revealing the profound social contradictions and showing the inevitability of peasant uprising. Bai Sheng, who pretended to sell wine, sang this song on the "Red Sun", which seemed natural and appropriate and became an organic part of the novel.

Typical example

Read the passage and answer the questions 1 ~ 6.

When the couple saw all the soldiers, they felt itchy and wanted to eat. One of them looked at the old capital pipeline and said, "Grandpa, tell us! The customer who sells dates bought him a bucket to eat, and we also bought him a bucket to eat casually to moisten his throat. Actually, I'm thirsty and there's nothing I can do. There is no water to eat on the post here. Convenient for the host! " Seeing that the soldiers all expressed their desire to eat more, the old man came to Yang Zhi and said, "The jujube vendor bought him a bucket of food, just this bucket, just this bucket, and taught them to buy summer air at random. There is nowhere to beg for water at the top of Gangzi. " Yang Zhi thought to himself, "I watched from a distance, and these guys bought his wine to eat;" I saw half a spoon in the bucket face to face. I think it's good. Beat them for a long time and let him buy a bowl to eat. " Yang Zhi said, "Since you always talk about it, tell these guys to get up after buying something to eat. Zhong Junjian listened and scraped together five dollars to buy wine. The wine seller said, "No, no! There is antiperspirant in this wine! " All the troops laughed and said, "Brother, why don't you talk when you are straight?" "Not for sale!" Han said. Take a break! "The jujube vendor advised," You are a man! He speaks badly, too, and you are very serious, so we have several meals. It's none of his business to sell them casually. " Nahan said, "What's the point of making others suspicious?" The jujube vendor pushed the wine vendor aside and only gave this barrel of wine to all the troops. The soldier opened the lid of the bucket and there was not much to eat. Be careful and ask the guest to borrow this coconut ladle. The guest said, "I sent these dates to drink with you." All the troops thanked them, "What's the point!" The guest said, "Don't thank each other. They are ordinary guests. Why fight for these hundreds of dates? " All the troops thanked them and took two scoops first, asking the old people to take care of one scoop and Yang to take care of the other. Yang Zhi refused to eat. The old manager ate a gourd ladle first, and two Hou Yu ate a gourd ladle each. As soon as all the soldiers started, the barrel of wine was eaten up. When Yang Zhi saw that everyone had nothing to eat, he never ate. On the one hand, the weather is very hot; on the other hand, he is very thirsty. He picked it up and ate only half. He ate some dates.

After a period of "thinking", Yang Zhi agreed to buy wine to quench his thirst. Yang Zhi agrees with Han Jun's reason for buying wine, and correctly understands ().

A sympathized with the soldiers' thirst, so they agreed to buy wine to quench their thirst.

B. The old man pleaded for Jun Jian, which made Yang Zhi agree to buy wine against his will.

C. he witnessed the whole process of jujube vendors drinking, and when no problems were found, his heart was shaken and he asked them to buy wine to quench their thirst.

D. He felt a little regretful after hitting Jun Jian before, so he agreed to buy wine and apologize.

The answer is in the article, not in your mind.

Analysis: Yang Zhi thought in the center of the original text: "I watched from a distance, and these guys all bought his wine to eat;" I personally read half a ladle in that bucket and thought it was good. "so the answer is C.

Example 2 told Bai Sheng that there was antiperspirant in the wine, but the military doctor still wanted to buy the wine, and Yang Zhi stopped him. The analysis error is ()

A Both Yang Zhi and Jun Jian think this is a complaint and don't mind insisting on buying.

The scene of heroes buying drinks, forgiving drinks and robbing drinks in front of him has swept away Yang Zhi's guard, which he thinks is a deliberate scare.

C. this is an important part of the wisdom of many heroes, and the purpose is to completely reassure Yang Zhi and others.

Exclusion, it doesn't matter what information you see.

D. Yang Zhi sat far away and didn't hear this, so of course he stopped.

Dominant analysis: Yang Zhi didn't stop it because he saw the scene of the hero's performance with his own eyes and basically eliminated his vigilance, not because he sat far away and didn't hear it. Answer: D.

The soldier asked Yang Zhi to drink first, but Yang Zhi refused to eat. The reason why Yang Zhi refused to eat was ()

A. I feel guilty and embarrassed about eating the wine bought by the soldiers.

B: I still have a kind of vigilance in my heart, and I am not completely at ease with this wine.

C. as I said before, you can't drink on the road. Drinking this wine now is equivalent to hitting me in the mouth.

D. He is not burdened, not as tired and thirsty as the soldiers.

A character's position and acting skills are determined by his personality.

Analysis: Although Yang Zhi basically dispelled his doubts, he was still alert, so he refused to eat. Answer: B.

Yang Zhi finally drank half a ladle of wine, because

① Objectively: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

② Subjectively: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Introduction and analysis: objectively, everyone didn't eat anything; Subjectively: very hot and thirsty.

This half-ladle of wine is the key to the wisdom of fertility procedures. It embodies the wisdom of heroes and makes full use of objective conditions: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; Subjective conditions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. Also declare: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Analysis: objective conditions: hot weather and remote hills. Subjective condition: completely eliminate the defense of the other side. At the same time, it was declared that Yang Zhi's escort of the birth class was a complete failure.

★ Example 6 Huangnigang Drinking Collection Yang Zhi's "_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Starting with the analysis of language behavior

Introduction and analysis: Jun Jian saw that he wanted to buy wine to quench his thirst, and immediately thought of the harm of antiperspirants and categorically banned them; Seeing that there is nothing wrong with the jujube seller after drinking, you can rest assured that Junjian will buy wine to drink; Even in the end, he followed the drink, and it was also after some deliberation, which highlighted Yang Zhi's cautious and shrewd character. Nevertheless, Yang Zhi and others were fooled, which further demonstrated the unity and ingenuity of the brave.

Problem solving after class

Question 1: See the first paragraph "Explain the key points and difficulties".

The second question: The reason why the text repeatedly describes the hot weather from different angles is because it can not only set off the atmosphere of the environment, enhance the realism of the story, but also directly promote the development of the story, so as to gradually dig deeper into the theme of the story. The process of seven guests buying wine in Huangnigang is described in detail, because buying wine and taking medicine is the key to this battle of wits. Therefore, the more detailed the description, the more prominent the center of "intelligence".