Application and development of GPS meteorology

The rapid development and maturity p>

GPS technology make it a new and more powerful means of earth observation, and it has been successfully applied in many fields of earth science, such as crustal deformation and plate movement monitoring, volcanic eruption, earthquake monitoring and prediction, earth rotation monitoring, ionospheric monitoring and space weather prediction, tropospheric monitoring and weather prediction, etc. Since the 199s, People have begun to use GPS theory and technology to remotely sense the earth's atmosphere. For example, multipath effect is a kind of noise in GPS positioning, and it is still a very difficult interference in high-precision GPS positioning. However, people have developed a new method to measure atmospheric water vapor content and temperature by using GPS signals from the inverse problem of noise processing of GPS signal delay in the atmosphere. Thus, it provides new technical support for better monitoring bad weather and climate change. In the 21st century, GPS meteorological detection has become an important part of WMO's new global integrated high-altitude observation system. As a result, it has formed a new interdisciplinary subject with the research and application of GPS technology in meteorology as its main content, called GPSMe2eorology (GPS ME2EOLOGY, Abbreviated as GPS/MET). The superiority and initial success of the application of GPS observation data in atmospheric detection, weather change monitoring and numerical weather forecast mode have made GPS meteorology develop into a brand-new and important field of GPS research and application with great application potential in less than ten years. The research of GPS meteorology first started in the United States in the late 198s. Many experiments have been carried out [1 ~ 2]. After obtaining ideal test results in the United States, other developed countries such as Japan, Germany, Sweden, etc. [3 ~ 5] have also begun to attach importance to GPS meteorology, and have successfully organized several large-scale GPS observation experiments, obtained a series of research results and started to apply them to atmospheric research and weather forecasting. Since the mid-199s, China has also gradually carried out research and business experiments on the application of ground-based GPS observation in meteorology. The functions and objectives of the continuously operating GPS reference station (COGPS) system established by Britain are similar to those of CORS in the United States. However, the task of monitoring the relative and absolute changes of sea level around the British Isles has been added according to the local conditions in Britain.

Under the organization of the National Geographic Institute (GSI), Japan has built nearly 1,2 GPS continuous operation network (GEONET) with a distance of 15-3km, which is the largest in the world at present. The most intensive GPS national observation network for earth science research. Based on its main functions of monitoring crustal deformation, predicting earthquakes, calculating atmospheric precipitable water and studying weather changes related to atmospheric water vapor changes, the joint meteorological research and business departments are developing a four-dimensional assimilation business system using GPS data. For example, the Institute of Meteorology (MRI) of Japan Meteorological Agency is developing a variational assimilation system for GPS data for moderate numerical models. In order to improve the simulation and prediction level of numerical weather forecasting model.

GPS meteorology

From 1998 to 23, Japan implemented the five-year observation and research plan of GPS meteorology (GPS/METJapan) under the leadership of GSI. Especially, in autumn of 2 and spring of 21, two GPS high-density observation network campaigns were conducted in TsukubaGPSDenseNetCampaign Tsukuba area, with the aim of detecting small-scale water vapor changes in the order of several kilometers and forecasting disastrous weather such as short-term thunderstorms and heavy rains. 75

GPS receiving points and 22 ground meteorological observation points were set up in the experimental area. The distance between GPS receiving stations has reached an unprecedented 1 ~ 3 km.

In August 22, Beijing Meteorological Bureau built a ground-based GPS water vapor telemetry station network consisting of 8 stations in Fangshan District, the main water vapor input channel of Beijing's flood season precipitation, and conducted a preliminary test on calculating atmospheric precipitable water with BerneseGPS data analysis software. Compared with the traditional radiosonde 2 PWV, the application of GPS technology can deepen the understanding of the basic characteristics of urban meteorology and provide technical support for the development of urban refined meteorological services. In addition, the bureau also participated in the relevant plans of Digital Beijing and Digital Olympics, and applied 3S technology composed of GPS,RS (Remote Sensing System) and GIS (Geographic Information System) to obtain all kinds of real-time information. Historical meteorological data and real-time meteorological observation data of Olympic venues.

In p>23, Guangdong Province also plans to build a GPS network covering the whole province in three years, which can accumulate real-time data of precipitable water with high significance, precision and high spatial-temporal resolution over Guangdong and even South China, It is of great significance to predict the climate evolution in Guangdong and the Pearl River Delta.

Scholars from Shanghai Observatory of Chinese Academy of Sciences have carried out the research on GPS meteorology and its application in the analysis of abrupt weather changes in China earlier. Since 199s, they have carried out the research work on ground-based GPS meteorology, space-based GPS meteorology and GPS radio occultation to retrieve the atmospheric profile respectively. In the domestic meteorological field, Li Chengcai of Peking University, Mao Jietai and others first introduced GPS/MET to domestic meteorological circles, and applied ground-based GPS remote sensing technology to Shanghai, Wuhan, Beijing and other regions respectively, and explored the calculation method of obtaining the weighted average temperature Tm suitable for the characteristics of eastern China.