What are the mitigation methods for global warming?

Global warming is a natural phenomenon, which not only endangers the balance of natural ecosystems, but also threatens the survival of mankind. People are curious about what will happen to global warming. The following is the arrangement of global warming I made for you, I hope it will be useful to you.

The phenomenon of global warming

climate

The greenhouse effect has been working since the formation of the earth. If there is no greenhouse effect, the surface of the earth will be extremely cold, the temperature will drop to MINUS 20℃, the ocean will freeze and life will not form. Therefore, we are not faced with the problem of whether there is a greenhouse effect, but the problem that human beings emit a lot of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels, which leads to the greenhouse effect and the rapid change of the earth's climate.

What impact will the greenhouse effect have? Due to burning fossil fuels and deforestation, the concentration of carbon dioxide and other gases in the earth's atmosphere has increased. Due to the greenhouse effect of these gases, the global average ground temperature has increased by about 0.3~0.6℃ in the past 100 years, and it is expected to increase by 1~3℃ in 2030.

When the global average temperature rises 1℃, great changes will take place: sea level rises, glaciers in mountainous areas shrink, and the snow area shrinks. As the global temperature rises, it will lead to unbalanced precipitation, with precipitation increasing in some areas and decreasing in some areas. For example, in the Sahel region of West Africa, severe drought began at 1965; Since 1965, the precipitation in North China has decreased year after year. Compared with 1950s, the precipitation in North China decreased by 1/3, and the water resources decreased by 1/2. The drought-stricken area in China is about 400 million mu every year. In normal years, the irrigation area is short of water by 30 billion cubic meters, and the city is short of water by 6 billion cubic meters. When the global average temperature rises by 3℃, human beings will be unable to recover and the world will be short of food. Due to the rising temperature, the global sea level has been rising at an annual rate of 1 ~ 2mm in the past 100 years. It is predicted that by 2050, the sea level will continue to rise by 30~50 cm, which will flood a large number of low-lying areas along the coast. In addition, due to climate change, climate disasters such as drought, flood and low temperature have intensified, resulting in global economic losses of more than tens of billions of dollars every year.

glacier

Since the 1920s, people began to pay attention to the glaciers in the Alps from Patagonia to Switzerland, because? Greenhouse? Gas emission and melting caused by greenhouse effect were observed. In South Asia, the question is not whether glaciers are melting, but how fast they are melting. Although many adverse effects of global warming may not become very serious before the end of 2 1 century, glacial meltwater in Nepal, India, Pakistan, China and Bhutan may soon bring people trouble.

A research report of International Ice and Snow Committee (ICSI) points out:? Glaciers in the Himalayas are retreating faster than anywhere else in the world. If the current melting rate continues, these glaciers are likely to disappear before 2035? . Saeed, head of the International Snow and Ice Committee? Hasnan said? Even if the glacial meltwater dries up within 60 to 100 years, the scope of this ecological disaster will be shocking. ?

The most serious melting of glaciers is in the eastern Himalayas in the Ganges River basin. They are distributed in? Roof of the world? Glaciers from Bhutan to Kashmir are the fastest receding in the world. Take the 3-mile-long barna Glacier as an example. This glacier is one of many glaciers formed by the collision between the Indian subcontinent and the Asian continent 40 million to 50 million years ago. Starting from 1990, it retreated half a mile. After the severe sub-arctic winter in 1997, scientists had predicted that this glacier would expand, but it retreated further in the summer of 1998.

ecology

First of all, global warming leads to sea level rise and precipitation redistribution, which changes the current world climate pattern; Secondly, global warming affects and destroys the biological chain and food chain, bringing more serious natural consequences. For example, there is a migratory bird that flies from Australia to northeast China for the summer every year. However, due to global warming, the temperature in Northeast China is rising and the summer is prolonged, so the time for this bird to leave and return to Northeast China is delayed accordingly. As a result, a pest eaten by this migratory bird flooded and destroyed a large area of forest. In addition, extreme events related to the environment have increased, such as droughts and floods.

politics

Limiting carbon dioxide emissions is equivalent to limiting energy consumption, which is bound to have a restrictive impact on all countries in the world. Should it be in developing countries? Emission reduction? , or in developed countries? Emission reduction? It has become the focus of discussion among countries. The greenhouse gas emissions of developing countries are increasing, after 20 13? Emission reduction? The problem must be concentrated in developing countries. Scientific questions about preventing global warming will inevitably lead to? North-South relations? Problems, thus making the climate issue an international political issue.

climate

Global warming has increased precipitation in Chinese mainland, especially in the middle and high latitudes, and reduced precipitation in some areas such as Africa. Frequency and intensity of extreme weather and climate events (El Nino, drought, flood, thunderstorm, hail, storm, high temperature weather and sandstorm, etc.). ) has increased in some areas.

ocean

With the increase of global temperature, the amount of water vapor evaporated in the ocean has greatly increased, which has aggravated the warming phenomenon. The reduction of the total heat capacity of the ocean can restrain global warming. In addition, because the ocean releases excessive carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, the real culprit is the plankton community in the ocean.

crops

The impact of global warming on crop growth has both advantages and disadvantages. First, global temperature changes directly affect the global water cycle, causing droughts or floods in some areas, resulting in reduced crop production. Excessive temperature is not conducive to seed growth. Second, the increase of precipitation will actively promote crop growth, especially in arid areas. The increase of carbon dioxide content with global warming will also promote the photosynthesis of crops, thus increasing the yield. Thirdly, the increase of temperature is beneficial to the increase of wet and hot crops in high latitudes.

biology

Global Warming Surprises New Antarctic Species

As a result of global warming, two Antarctic ice shelves collapsed one after another, exposing a seabed with an area of 1000 square kilometers. Scientists from 65,438+04 countries visited here and were able to discover many unknown new species. Look at the pictures of these strange creatures and feel the magic of nature.

For example, octopus, coral and shrimp. The researchers divided the creatures in the Antarctic seabed area into 1000 species. Researchers believe that global warming leads to the disintegration of the Antarctic ice shelf and affects the living environment of marine life.

During the 10-week Antarctic expedition, the global scientific expedition team made a comprehensive observation of seabed creatures for the first time by using remote control work vehicles. Before the ice shelf collapsed, the only way for scientists to observe it was to drill holes in the ice. For thousands of years, the seabed of Weddell Sea 10000 square kilometers in Antarctica has been covered by Larsen A ice shelf and Larsen B ice shelf with the thickness of 100 meters. In recent years, these ice shelves began to disintegrate, so many new species appeared in the most primitive ecological sea area in the world.

One of the main purposes of this expedition is to explore the life forms in Antarctica and study the new biological types produced by the disintegration of the ice shelf. Scientist Julian Gutt said that 95% of the creatures discovered this time were native to Antarctica, and the other 5% were born after the collapse of the ice shelf.

human health

Paul Perstein of the Institute of New and Recurrent Diseases of Harvard University noticed that plants also moved with the snow line, and plants on mountain peaks all over the world were moving upwards. With the warming of mountain peaks, the higher altitude environment is more and more conducive to the survival of mosquitoes and microorganisms such as plasmodium.

Since 1987, tropical infectious diseases such as West Nile virus, malaria and yellow fever have broken out in Florida, Mississippi, Texas, Arizona, California and Colorado in the United States, which has repeatedly confirmed experts' scientific inference that some tropical diseases will spread to colder regions due to climate warming.

Melting glaciers

Scientists have found that if the global temperature continues to rise, the melting of Arctic icebergs will release a large number of toxic chemicals trapped in ice and cold water. The researchers warned that these large amounts of poisons gathered in the polar regions are unknown, and their release will seriously endanger the living environment of marine life and human beings. These seeping chemicals include pesticides DDT and chlordane. All these are persistent organic pollutants, which may cause cancer and birth defects, and were previously captured by Arctic ice and frozen water. However, scientists in Norway and Canada found that global warming is making these pollutants regain their moisture when monitoring the measurement results of 1993 and 2009? Freshman? . Research team member Haley? Hong said: The next step is to find out how many pollutants are leaking in the Arctic and how fast they are leaking. ?

Another study on global warming is even more surprising. As the Arctic ice sheet melts, rainfall increases, and wind types change, a large amount of fresh water is flowing into the North Atlantic, causing damage to the Gulf Stream, thus cutting off the North Atlantic Stream. It is these warm currents that bring warm surface water from the Caribbean to the northwest of Europe, making Europe form a warm climate. Once the North Atlantic warm current is cut off due to global warming, the temperature in northwest Europe may drop by as much as 5~8℃, and Europe may face a new ice age!

The research was conducted by the Scottish Marine Laboratory in Aberdeen, which analyzed more than 65,438+07,000 salinity measurements from Orchid Islands to Faroe Islands waters since 65,438+0893. In every 20 years before 2007, the salinity and concentration of deep seawater flowing to the south became smaller and smaller, which indicated that more fresh water flowed into the region from the North Atlantic. These new data fully prove for the first time the computer model designed by German scientists about 1993 years ago.

The content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is rising sharply, and the world population will reach 654.38+000 billion before 2050. ? Our world is developing towards replacing the existing free natural resources with man-made facilities? David from the University of Minnesota? Tillman said. However, we haven't mastered the knowledge about natural ecosystems. In the Permian extinction 245 million years ago, 96% of species became extinct. Later, with the emergence of many new species, the earth finally recovered its rich population, but this process has gone through 100 million years. Wilson said: Some people think that nature will revive everything destroyed by human beings? . The proverb says: As long as there is enough time, everything can happen. ? Maybe nature can really restore everything, but this long process is meaningless to modern human beings anyway.

The melting of ice and snow may be a good omen for spring in many people's minds, but scientists concerned about climate change are worried that global warming and its accelerated melting of ice and snow are posing a serious threat to the survival of all mankind and other species.

According to Xinhua reporter Zhao zhuoyun, on the eve of the arrival of World Environment Day on June 5, 2007, the United Nations Environment Programme released a report entitled "Global Snow Outlook" on June 4, 2007, aiming at commemorating Environment Day 2007? Melting glaciers, worrying consequences? The theme details the serious consequences caused by the accelerated melting of glacier snow, and calls on all countries to join hands and take practical actions to deal with global warming, because it involves the vital interests of about 40% of the world's population.

Around the Arctic Circle, the lifestyle of about 4 million residents is being affected. Due to the increasingly unstable sea ice floes, hunters in western Greenland have to give up the traditional dog sledding and use motorboats instead. Some local residents who graze reindeer are also facing survival crisis, because the rising temperature causes the snow to melt and then freeze into hard ice again, making it impossible for reindeer to eat their main food moss. On some islands in the Arctic Ocean, the number of reindeer has been greatly reduced.

Antarctica and Greenland hold 98% to 99% of the world's freshwater ice. If the Greenland ice sheet melts completely, the global sea level is expected to rise by 7 meters. Even if the Greenland ice sheet melts only 20% and the Antarctic ice sheet melts 5%, the sea level will rise by 4 to 5 meters. According to the existing population size and distribution in the world, if the sea level rises by 1 m, the homes of1450,000 people in the world will be swallowed up by seawater.

According to the melting rate in 2007, 2 100, the sea ice floes in polar regions are expected to decrease by a quarter compared with 2007. By then, there may not even be a piece of ice in the Arctic Ocean in summer. The reduction of floating ice will reduce the reflection ability of these sea areas to solar light, thus increasing the heat absorption of seawater and further accelerating global warming.

Ways to slow down global warming

Scientists put forward an idea to build an artificial space ring around the earth, consisting of small particles or spaceships, to shield tropical sunlight and regulate the temperature of the earth.

Some opponents believe that this idea will definitely have some side effects. A particle belt that can effectively scatter sunlight will make every night sky as bright as a full moon. In addition, the budget will be staggering, possibly reaching 6 trillion to 200 trillion dollars, which even NASA, the most well-funded scientific research institution in the world, can't afford. If the scattered particles are replaced by spacecraft, the budget may be less, and it is estimated that it can be reduced to about 500 billion US dollars.

Since the birth of the earth, the atmospheric temperature has fluctuated several times, and various factors such as solar radiation, cloud cover and greenhouse gases have affected or are affecting our climate. What would happen if a particle or a spaceship circled the earth? Belt? Otherwise there will be a shadow over the equator. In order to deploy these particles, we must use some special control spacecraft to look after the particle swarm like a sheepdog.

In the past century, the temperature of the earth has obviously increased, and this trend will continue in the next hundred years. Many studies have confirmed that the earth's temperature will rise by 1~20 degrees Fahrenheit in the next few centuries, the sea level will rise obviously, and some coastal cities will cease to exist. Some scientists have pointed out that reducing sunlight will reduce the temperature of the earth, and some ground or space systems can completely achieve this goal. However, some scientists pointed out that it is still impossible to calculate how much sunlight the earth can absorb and how much sunlight is reflected back into space, which is a key step in implementing the above plan.

American research shows that the activities of ancient farmers prevented the world from entering a new ice age. The results show that global warming caused by human activities is not a new phenomenon, and it may last for thousands of years. The British "Observer" quoted researchers as saying that prehistoric farmers who cut down trees and reclaimed the first field changed the content of greenhouse gases such as methane and carbon dioxide in the earth's atmosphere, and the global temperature gradually increased. Professor Qian Wei of the University of Virginia? Rudiman said? If it weren't for the greenhouse gases brought by early agricultural activities, the current temperature of the earth would probably be the temperature of the ice age. ? Studies show that without human intervention, the earth will be 2℃ lower than that in the 20th century, and the spreading ice sheets and glaciers will affect most parts of the world.

Forests in the world are mainly divided into three categories: frigid (northern) forests, temperate forests and tropical forests. According to reports, today's forest ecosystem is gradually formed after 8000 years of evolution of nature. Nowadays, all virgin forests have become the targets of large-scale development and utilization of logging industry. In the tropics, many forests that disappeared in 2 1 century have been cut down in the past 50 years. From 1960 to 1990 alone, more than 450 million hectares of tropical forests were swallowed, accounting for 20% of the total tropical forest area in the world; Millions of hectares of tropical forests have been degraded by logging, farmland reclamation and mineral exploitation.

In addition, illegal logging and illegal trade in wood products continue to intensify all over the world, especially in developing countries with tropical forests and countries with poor government enforcement, such as Russia. This situation is further aggravated by the demand for cheap wood products in the international market.

By 2 100, the global temperature is estimated to rise by about1.4 ~ 5.8℃ (2.5 ~10.4 Fahrenheit).

Eat:

First, vegetarian food. Animal husbandry consumes a lot of food and beans, and also consumes a lot of valuable water resources; In order to graze cattle and sheep, raise pigs and chickens, the virgin forest was sacrificed, resulting in the greenhouse effect.

Second, eat less. Cooking at home, eating out is just right, and you can't finish it and pack it home.

3. Refuse to buy alpine tea and high-cold vegetables (alpine tea and high-cold vegetables make forests disappear in Taiwan Province Province, destroy soil and water conservation in mountainous areas, fail to play the role of water storage, use a large number of pesticides and fertilizers, and pollute water sources and reservoir ecology).

Clothes:

Know the source of the material first: 1. Only natural materials (organic) such as pure cotton and general anesthesia can be recycled. 2. Buy and maintain clothes according to the washing label to prolong the life of clothes.

Second, the demand depends on four factors, such as the number of laundry, the capacity of the family, lifestyle and economic situation, to determine the frequency of buying clothes, and try to control it as well as possible, not to overdo it (focusing on quality and light weight).

Third, the old clothes are newly worn:

1. Self-cognition: consideration of body shape, skin color and lifestyle.

3. Find out the key points of fashion: such as length and color. Generally, simple and good cutting (three-dimensional cutting) can best express the interactive relationship between people and materials.

3. Accessories, such as scarves, pins, belts, etc., are small, diverse, effective and easy to collect. A small amount of clothes is a reliable accessory that highlights the artistic effect of dressing.

Live broadcast:

First, use more second-hand furniture (whether buying a house or renting a house, using more second-hand furniture can not only recycle and save resources, but also help each other and enhance interpersonal friendship if flea markets for regular second-hand goods exchange can be held in offices, communities and the Internet).

Second, use planting greening to do home decoration (don't do excessive decoration at home, be simple and natural. Home decoration does not necessarily need artificial materials, it is best to use ecological natural materials. Potted plants of all kinds of flowers and plants, try to use native tree species, leave more natural soil in the courtyard at home, and use less cement or hard pavement).

3. Please use utensils to hold water, wash fruits and vegetables, wash dishes, brush your teeth and wash your face, so as to save precious water resources (China is the world's 18 water-deficient country, and South Taiwan Province Province is in severe drought, but our water demand has reached the standard of 100 in the Republic of China. The propaganda policy of water saving in France is "take a bath once a week"; If our water consumption continues to deteriorate, we will face the same situation.

Fourth, the power supply and air conditioning in the room are used centrally (try to turn on the air conditioning in one room as little as possible, and try to concentrate on office when there are few people, so as to reduce the amount of air conditioning and electric lights).

Ok:

First, take the stairs instead of taking the elevator (people who live in the building, whether in the office or at home, might as well take the stairs instead of taking the elevator if they are not in a hurry, which will save energy and exercise).