Archaeological Notes No.4: Searching for Dragons in the Millennium Ancient Village of Gangtou, Sanshui (Part Two)

Time: 2065438+May 5, 2008

Venue: gangtou, Sanshui District, Foshan

Personnel: Team Leader Guan Sheng, Ruan Sheng, Liang Mou and Supervisor Li Mou.

Itinerary: gangtou (Lord House-Jiumudun-Haitian Gate-Side Pavilion-Jianmeimen-Laogangtou Primary School-Yongjianzu Temple-Dao Ji Zumiao-Chunzhai Library-Nangangzumiao-Gengfuge-Haitian thoroughfare-Di Wei Monument Pavilion). )

= Overview =

As mentioned last time, I was invited by Ruan Sheng, an expert in historical architecture, to follow Guan Sheng, a cultural protection enthusiast, to find dragons in Baini gangtou, Sanshui District. First of all, I visited Liang Shiyi's manor house. Next, I plan to extend the monument to Liang's cemetery and visit Gangtou Primary School. If you have spare time, you will visit that village.

= Flow =

The traffic in the village can only rely on feet.

There may be a bicycle in a corner, but it may be more inconvenient in the fields and scattered villages.

= Map =

As Guan Sheng came once, we saved the time of asking for directions. Geographical location of the village There is a map in the Lord's house, which we photographed for reference.

Many people come to gangtou just to appreciate the buildings related to Liang Shiyi. As a supervisor, I pay more attention to the local geographical features and cultural background.

There is a KT board hanging on the wall of the Lord's House. After reading it, I feel that the above three characteristics are very well refined. I'll take a picture for your reference.

Therefore, as the saying goes, "There is no Sanshui, there is Qionggang first", which shows that gangtou is really old and its thousand-year history is true.

Gangtou has three surnames in one village, and Liang, Lin and Xian have the largest population.

According to the statistics of 20 16, the first surname of Foshan is "Liang". However, in other districts, the number of Liang surnames ranks second, and the first place depends entirely on the data of Sanshui District. The population of Lianggangtou village is large, which shows that this ethnic group made a fortune earlier and has many assets in the local area.

This paper counts the number, quantity and quality of gangtou's fame. It can be said that this village has excellent talent inheritance. It is noted that fame and fortune were first recorded in the late Ming Dynasty, which is an opportunity given by history.

It should be noted that there were many people in the north in the early Ming Dynasty, and naturally there were many northern Renye Fang who passed the imperial examination. By the middle of the Ming Dynasty, in order to break the phenomenon of ministerial party affiliation, the emperor used a large number of officials from the south, so more scholars from the south entered the DPRK through the imperial examination than from the north. When Liu Xiankai and Lun ranked first in scientific research, examiner Liang Chu decided that Lun, who is also a Cantonese, was the top scholar. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the emperor played politics to make northerners regain high positions, but he could not stop the advantage of southerners in the imperial examinations.

The prosperity of a village is bound to be related to the prosperity of the main ethnic groups in ancient times. The prosperity of an ethnic group needs several conditions, such as talents, unity, resources and excellent traditions. It seems that gangtou has everything. In the past, the Liang clan mainly farmed and studied, so they seized the times and made a fortune. After the ethnic group prospered, they fed back the village with culture. These experiences are worth learning from modern people.

After coming out of the Lord's House, two ancient tomb experts joined hands to find Liang Shiyi's grave. Although the two predecessors said they were not interested in ancient tombs, all I heard along the way was their past dragon-hunting experience, and I knew all about the local celebrity tombs in Foshan. Compared with them, I am an ordinary person. I don't even know where the grave of my celebrity is.

Liang Shiyi's main house is on the edge of the village, and you can walk a few steps along the road next to the house to the field. This narrow dirt road can only be used by one car, but there are many big trucks driving on it. It should be dangerous to leave at night. Fortunately, we came early today and the weather was fine. Today is the solar term of long summer. I wonder if they chose it on purpose.

On both sides of the path are farmland, and at first glance, it is full of green waves. Forgive me for not being melodramatic or taking photos, because the smell of natural fertilizer in the sun is very smoky. As long as everyone knows that Sanshui land is fertile, I like Sanshui agricultural products.

Provincial cultural protection units, that is very important.

Popularize a little knowledge, cultural relics protection units are protected by law and must be protected as they are, and any changes and repairs must go through strict audit procedures.

As far as we know, although the name of the unit is mainly Liang Shiyi's tomb, the whole nine-mu pier is actually a family tomb. Jiumudun is a raised mound surrounded by a circle of big trees, which stands out between the surrounding farmland and fish ponds.

We walked for about fifteen minutes before we came to the cemetery. Judging from the cleanliness of the dirt road, it was specially arranged not long ago. This place is called Jiumudun, which means Jiumudun here in Fiona Fang.

Standing in the middle of the cemetery, there is a memorial arch in front of you, and then there is a Shinto, which leads directly to Mr. Liang Shiyi's tomb. There is nothing special about the couplets on the memorial archway, so I won't write anything special. It is said that the word "Kent S. Leung" was written by the famous calligrapher Ye Gongchuo, and its meaning is self-evident. On the other hand, the dark side is Duan's "serial stratagem", and its connotation refers to the scenery of Liang Shiyi's brothers as prime ministers and generals.

The memorial archway and Shinto should have been built after the death of Liang Shiyi in 1933, with a history of more than 90 years. Because I respect my ancestors, I only take photos at the archway and pay homage and visit after entering the park. The photos quoted later are borrowed from the Internet.

Ancient tombs generally have epitaphs, which describe life stories, family background and memories of future generations. Liang Shiyi is a modern man and has not found an epitaph. There is a stone tablet on the right side of the front steps of the archway. The fine print above records how Liang Shiyi's descendants organized relatives and cooperated with villagers to repair the cemetery in the name of the government in 2003. The lettering on the upper part of the monument reflects that Sanshui was still a county in the 1980s, and the tomb of Liang Shiyi has been designated as a key cultural protection unit in the county. This shows that the protection work is going on from generation to generation.

Epitaph generally consists of two parts: chronicle and inscription. Most of the records are essays, which describe the name, birthplace and life story of the deceased; Ming summed up the whole article with verse, mainly evaluating the life of the deceased. -Baidu said.

The pair of stone lions on the Patriarch Road and the one in the Lord's Mansion are obviously not the same species.

Liang Shiyi and his son used to run a bank, so they should know something about Shishi.

I found photos on the internet.

From this perspective, the geomantic omen in this cemetery is excellent, at least for the living.

The cemetery sits south to north, showing that the owner is devoted to the capital of the country, which is the spiritual externalization of having a country in his heart until he dies.

Liang Shiyi officially entered the imperial examination, not entirely because of his father's protection. Cixi hated Liang and didn't like him, so she sent him to repair the railway. Unexpectedly, Liang Shiyi did it.

Later, Yuan Shikai searched for talents for the great cause, but Liang Shiyi ran into a nail when he went to take refuge in him. Knowing that Yuan Shikai needed talents in economy and diplomacy, Liang Shiyi worked hard in this field and was later reused. I have to say that Liang Shiyi is really talented and can teach himself.

Liang Shiyi sent envoys to India to inspect the British opium industry, which played an important role in the cause of smoking ban in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. In the economic field, his contribution is even greater. What is rare is that he has never been financially tainted.

According to official records, from 65438 to 0907, Liang Shiyi served as the supervisor of five railways, such as Han Jing and Shanghai-Nanjing, and he managed well, which greatly increased the profits of the railways and won the reputation of "Five-way God of Wealth". Later, he served as assistant manager of Bank of Communications, presided over the establishment of Bank of Communications, and concurrently served as director of the General Administration of Railways. 19 1 1 year, Liang Shiyi signed an imperial edict forcing the Qing emperor to abdicate, and Yuan Shikai awarded him the title of * * * and the founding father, and entrusted him with the post of Minister of Posts and Communications. 19 12 used to be the secretary-general of Yuan Shikai's presidential office and the prime minister of Bank of Communications, and was awarded the title of "Second Honor".

After Yuan Shikai's death, he was wanted in the name of Hong Xian's chief culprit. But without this god of wealth, the financial situation of Beiyang government has been poor, and the call for him to re-enter the mountain is quite high. 192 1 At the end of the year, President Xu Shichang appointed him as the Prime Minister, which was also approved by the Ministry. During his tenure in the Beiyang government, he was framed three times and forced to flee overseas, but all of them left him, and the Beiyang government's economy just couldn't get on. Therefore, every time Liang Shiyi fled, the Beiyang government had to invite him back to take charge of the overall situation again and again in order to boost its economy.

There are two black stone tablets on the left side of the cemetery, one on the side of Chi-Kin Leung's tomb and the other in the octagonal pavilion. Liang Shiyi's father, Chi-Kin Leung, was a doctor of Guanglu in the late Qing Dynasty, a well-known local progressive scholar, who had participated in writing letters on buses. The stone tablet is engraved with the epitaph written by Liang's descendants, which tells the story of Chi-Kin Leung's life. There were traces of destruction on the inscription, but I didn't read it carefully and forgot all the contents.

Inside the octagonal pavilion is the tombstone of Liang Shiyi's tomb, similar to the epitaph. At the beginning of the article, Liang Shiyi's life experience was recorded, and an anecdote suspected by Cixi to be related to Liang Qichao was written. He also recorded that he built railways, sent missions to foreign countries, banned smoking, and participated in the preparation of a new army. Later, he participated in many major events, such as World War I negotiations and other world events at that time. At the end of the inscription, Liang Shiyi's last wish was not to be buried grandly for the scenery, not to choose the land of geomantic omen, and not to bury his family at any time.

After passing through the grave of the market, you will feel sad, and you will feel happy when you caress the garden.

Associated with Liang Shiyi's behavior and thoughts, he can be regarded as a modern man. Economically, he emphasized the revitalization of the country by industry, building roads, opening banks and factories, and issuing treasury bonds to raise funds for infrastructure construction. In education, he advocates applying what he has learned and advocating new education. There are indications that his knowledge and wisdom have surpassed the limitations of the times at that time.

The more you know, the more you respect the perseverance of your predecessors and respect them.

I remember my book friend Lao Tan said when talking about Historical Records that most people who can stay in history are outstanding. People who can become the protagonists of historical stories are even more talented. Assuming that Yuan Shikai succeeds, then Liang Shiyi, the founding father, is a model in later legends. Assuming Liang Shiyi can live to be founded, who says he can't become a member of CPPCC? The world's evaluation of him will not stop at rebellious sinners. Fortunately, now that a dynasty has passed, the world can see that history and people more objectively.

At present, there are tombs of Chi-Kin Leung, Liang Shiyi's two brothers and Liang Shiyi's two sons and five tombs, all of which are buried together by husband and wife. It is said that these generations have married at least three wives, which really corresponds to their status.

The feng shui in the cemetery is very good, especially the big tree behind Liang Shiyi's tomb, which is graceful as a canopy, is an excellent shading pattern for future generations. I don't intend to join the ancient tomb school, so I won't do more research on the regulation of these tombs. I wonder about these things, too.

Gangtou Ancient Village is one of the two retro cultural towns to be built in Sanshui District, and the other is the "Lingnan Ancient Town" where Fanhu Daqitou Ancient Village is located.

From the planning map, red is the existing, and gray is the lost monument. From this point of view, the number of preserved monuments is quite large, and the distance between the monuments in gangtou is very close, which has a strong agglomeration effect. Walking half a circle in the village, I saw the ancient buildings around the pond, which is a landscape with great overall development value.

There are some ancient buildings in Zhangcha Village Head and Dafu Village, which I have been to in the past, but the geographical location and traffic are not as good as those in gangtou. Moreover, gangtou has a profound cultural background, and there are many schools and home schools. It is very feasible to make a traditional education theme project centered on Laogangtou Primary School.

At the third stop, we are going to find a hundred-year-old Gangtou primary school and ask the way to a gatehouse. The stone tablet on the door reads "Seeing the beautiful door at the top of the mountain", and the couplet reads "Seeing all the mountains is a living painting, and the beautiful scenery is a new poem". The opposite is still neat.

It is worth noting that the materials used in the gatehouse are very Foshan-like, and they are all made in China. This is a product of 1990s, and 90% of the collage porcelain paintings are made in Mei Tao factory. On the roof is the pottery sculpture of the dragon playing with pearls, which is obviously the product of Buddhism and pottery. A few pictures made of ceramic tiles show no connotation, so they are not very rare. This is a building with the characteristics of the times. Although its beauty is average, it still has protective value.

This is a building with the characteristics of the times. It won't exceed the 1970s at the earliest, so it shouldn't be the Gangtou No.1 Middle School we are looking for. But when we went around to the other side, we saw colorful paintings on the wall and the words "All for children". This is really a primary school building.

Gangtou Primary School was built in 19 10, with a history of one hundred years. KT board telling history is hung on the wall, and the stories, characters and thoughts above fully reflect the precipitation that a century-old university should have.

The school song of Gangtou Primary School is hung on the wall, and every word is full of love for one side of the water and soil, as well as lofty aspirations and lofty sentiments of participating in social construction. Try to sing along with the notation, as if you can see the scene where the ancestors gave their hopes to future generations.

Facing the school is a hall converted from an ancestral temple. We go in, it's really super big, it can hold thousands of people. But the school playground is outside the school.

From the cultural relics signs hanging in front of the door, we know that the building in front of us is transformed from several big ancestral temples. From the pattern, it should be three ancestral halls and two roads, but the architectural experience has been modified a lot and can only be restored from the experience.

The right side of the building is now used as a dormitory for security guards. It is said that there used to be a big stage here, so you can see there are two small windows for ticket sales.

Seen from the front, the ancestral hall can no longer be seen in this building. Its style was a little westernized in the Republic of China, and it had the shadow of relying on Soviet style.

A very huge hall, decorated with red and five stars, I'm afraid the whole village could hold it when the meeting was held that year. There are many rooms transformed from old houses on both sides of the hall, marked as voting rooms, conference rooms, activity rooms and so on.

There are also many dragon boats parked in the corner, and I don't feel occupied at all. If there is space, they can be willful.

Gangtou will use a large area of land near the village center for education and sports.

Next to the stadium is a lotus pond full of water and lotus seeds. The pool is shaded by trees, and there are rows of stone chairs under the trees for the villagers to rest.

Along the village pond, there are ancient buildings on three sides. There are three ancestral halls along the two longitudinal sides of the pond. It seems that this side we are walking is the ancestral hall of Liang.

Because the gatekeeper and gatehouse of the ancestral temple in the same clan must be on the same line, all the ancestral temples that look the same must have the same surname. Although the four ancestral halls in this row are all three rooms and two halls, there are differences in materials and building heights, reflecting the poor strength of these families.

Judging from the red hanging, the people in this ancestral hall just got married and hugged, and they are still having a big banquet here. But wouldn't putting up banners like this be harmful to the gray sculpture? That gray plastic painting should be the story of Confucius asking Laozi for advice.

Forget it, three points with the same surname, not much to say.

In ancient times, there was no special school for pure study rooms. Generally, educated people were invited as teachers to teach children knowledge. Some learned scholar families will start school in ancestral halls and let their children go to school for free. This is the so-called "autonomous learning". There is also a supporting "beneficial field", which is a field built by the village landlords for the children of poor families to study and make a living.

This ancestral hall, called the study, should be the ancestral hall of a big family. A voluntary school was opened here that year. The external wall is made of water mill bricks, and the masonry method of "Nine Shun and One Ding" is adopted. There are many gray sculptures on the wall, although they have all been demolished. It is speculated that this family should be quite powerful. The height of this ancestral hall is also a little higher than others. Needless to say, he must be a big official. No wonder it was damaged a lot.

In front of the ancestral hall is a row of stone chairs. For hundreds of years, villagers have enjoyed the cool and talked about current events here.

The pond is green and bottomless. It had the function of fire fighting at that time, but it still plays an important role in the village today.

Tired of walking, I sat down to chat with the villagers, and the cool breeze blowing behind me was quite comfortable. The villagers told us that the village will raise funds to rebuild cultural relics, and developers may invest here.

Gangtou has a high greening rate, good air quality and fertile land, and the average life expectancy of villagers is really a treasure house.

On the return trip, we drove from the levee to the national highway, and the road was a quiet pastoral scenery. The green farmland is dotted with fish ponds, and occasionally some Woods can be seen. There may be ancient tombs there, but we are not going to disturb them.

I happened to see a tablet pavilion at the entrance of the village. I got off and looked at the tablet that Guan Sheng was looking for. Judging from the inscription, this is the inscription of 22 years of the Republic of China. I didn't look carefully. I guess it has something to do with Liang Shiyi.

It is said that the village in front of this village is called Xia Liang Village, which makes people wonder whether there is another Shangliang Village. Liang clan people have crossed the border from the south of Zhuji to Guangdong for more than 30 generations, and their children and grandchildren are prosperous, relying on farming and flexibility. Liang's famous celebrities in modern times, Liang Qichao and Liang Shiyi, are all in the same strain, and they all inherit the same cultural genes.

According to an expanded survey, Liang Shiyi's descendants are now living in the United States and Hong Kong, and Tomb-Sweeping Day goes back to his hometown to worship his ancestors every year. The male names of the 20 generations of Liang family are regular, and they are all "Ding" generations, which fully embodies the spirit of family and country integration. Many sons and nephews, including Liang Shiyi's two daughters, have studied abroad and returned to China to work in banking, railway, electric power and civil engineering. It is often said on the Internet that Liang Qichao is one of the nine outstanding figures, but in fact, Liang Shiyi's descendants are not reluctant to give up.

I took part in this dragon hunt to find a reason for the prosperity of a family.

Combining the collected data with the real thing, I have my own analysis in general. The rise and fall of the Liang family are branded with the times. Liang made his fortune with military exploits in the early days, became famous with Confucian classics in the heyday of feudal dynasty, and relied on culture and commerce in modern times. Only by conforming to the trend of the times and the needs of society can the trend stand firm.

Finally, it ends with a photo of Uncle Min.

The old house has been eroded by plants. Although I am sad, I have gained new hope from the past. In the upper right corner of the picture is the most luxurious villa in the village, which is in sharp contrast with the old house.

Under the same sky, old and new things coexist, each with its own tasks. Whether the old building can be preserved depends on what it once carried and what it can carry now. Not all the old ones should be kept, but how to play a role in the new era.

= Gondo seeks dragons =