What is the temperature of the magma?

The temperature of magma is usually between 900~ 1200℃, and the highest temperature can reach 1400℃.

In sunny weather and good viewing angle, the temperature of lava flow is related to its color. Among them, white lava flows ≥ 1 150℃, golden lava flows ≥ 1090℃, orange lava flows ≥900℃, cherry red lava flows ≥700℃, dark red lava flows ≥550~625℃, and red lava flows ≥ 400℃ are faintly visible.

During volcanic activity, not only steam, stones, crystal fragments and frits are ejected from the crater, but also hot and sticky molten substances overflow from the crater. The former is called volatile components and pyroclastic materials, while the latter is called lava flow.

The cause of magma formation

Magmatic rocks mainly have two kinds of output: intrusion and ejection. The rocks formed by the slow cooling of magma invading the crust to a certain depth are called intrusive rocks. It takes a long time for intrusive rocks to solidify into rocks. Geologists estimate that it will take about 64,000 years for granite with a thickness of 2,000 meters to fully crystallize.

Magma ejects or overflows to the surface, and the rocks formed by condensation are called extrusive rocks. Because of the sudden drop of magma temperature, the time of rock solidification is relatively short. It takes 1 m thick basalt 12 days, 10 m thick basalt takes 3 years, and 700 m thick basalt takes 9000 years. It can be seen that the time required for consolidation of intrusive rocks is much longer than that of ejected rocks.

Reference to the above content: Baidu Encyclopedia-Magma