Introduction of Xinjiang tourist attractions Flame Mountain Introduction of Xinjiang Flame Mountain Scenic Area

Flame Mountain is located in the northern edge of Turpan Basin in Xinjiang, China.

Xinjiang Flame Mountain is the most famous scenic spot in Turpan. Located in the northern margin of Turpan Basin, north of the ancient Silk Road, Mesozoic is mainly composed of Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary songkhla red sandstone, conglomerate and mudstone. The locals call it "Qizil Tage", which means "Red Mountain".

Flame Mountain is the hottest place in China. The highest temperature in summer is as high as 47.8 degrees Celsius, and the highest temperature on the surface is as high as 89 degrees Celsius. Eggs can be baked in the sand nest. Turpan is a typical continental arid desert climate. Although the annual average temperature is only 14.5℃, the days above 35℃ exceed 100 days, and even the extremely hot weather above 38℃ is as many as 38 days.

History:

It is also recorded in the history books that the Flame Mountain was once a sea of fire. Wang Yande's Travels of Gaochang said: "To the north of Beiting Mountain (that is, the flaming mountain), there is always smoke in the cloudless mountain. If the evening flame is on fire, birds and mice are red. "

When Cen Can, a famous frontier poet in the Tang Dynasty, crossed the Flame Mountain for the first time, he wrote the poem Crossing the Volcano as follows: "When the volcano first appeared, Pu Changdong was abrupt. The red flame burns the clouds in Hu-day, and the hot air flows through the frontier fortress. I don't know yin and yang charcoal, why burn it alone? Winter winter comes here, and the mountain is still a hot air. When people are sweating, they know the nature. "

Where is the Flame Mountain in Xinjiang?

Flame Mountain is located in Turpan, Xinjiang, to the north of Turpan. Whenever there is a red sun in midsummer, the reddish-brown peaks are illuminated by the scorching sun, the sandstone burns and flashes, and the hot airflow rolls and rises, just like a raging flame and a burning tongue, so it is also called the Flame Mountain.

The Flame Mountain in Xinjiang

The Flame Mountain is located in the north-central Turpan Basin, Xinjiang, China. It is called "Chishi Mountain" in ancient books and "Qizil Tage" (meaning Hongshan) in Uighur. It is a short folded low hill in front of Bogda Mountain in the eastern Tianshan Mountains. The mountain consists of red sandstone, which is about 100 km long from east to west and 9 km wide from north to south. It starts from Liusha River in Gan Lan County in the east and reaches Taoergou in Turpan in the west, with an average height of about 500 meters. Flame Mountain is the hottest place in China. The highest temperature in summer is as high as 47.8 degrees Celsius, and the highest temperature on the surface is above 70 degrees Celsius.

location

Flame Mountain Flame Mountain, known as Chishi Mountain in ancient times, is located in the northern edge of Turpan Basin, north of the ancient Silk Road. East-west direction. The Flame Mountain is called "Qizil Tage" in Uygur language, which means "Red Mountain". The Tang people once called it "volcano" because it was very hot. The length of the mountain is 100 km, the widest point is 10 km, and the elevation is about 500 meters. The elevation of the main peak is 83 1.7 meters. The flaming mountain, the mountains and the mountains, the grass is barren and the birds' songs disappear. In midsummer, the red sun is in the sky, the reddish-brown mountain is brightly illuminated by the scorching sun, the sand and gravel are burning and flashing, and the hot airflow is rolling up like a flaming flame, so it is also called the Flame Mountain.

climate

Flame Mountain is the hottest place in China. The highest temperature in summer is as high as 47.8 degrees Celsius, and the highest temperature on the surface is above 70 degrees Celsius. Eggs can be baked in the sand nest. Turpan is a typical continental arid desert climate. Although the annual average temperature is only 14.5℃, the days above 35℃ exceed 100 days, and even the extremely hot weather above 38℃ is as many as 38 days. The absolute maximum temperature measured for many years is 49.6℃( 1975 07 13), and the surface temperature can reach 83.3℃, which is a veritable "China hot pole". The average annual precipitation in Huozhou is only 16mm, accounting for half in summer, while the annual precipitation in Toksun is only 5.9mm. It is not surprising that it doesn't rain all the year round, so it can be called "China dry pole".

2 major scenic spots

edit

The mountain of fire

There are many scenic spots in Flame Mountain, such as Shantou Mountain, Ladder, Thousand-Buddha Cave, Suspension Bridge, Muhammad Academy, Wanfoshan and so on.

In stark contrast to the barren hills of Flame Mountain, the valleys that pass through the mountains are mostly clear springs, which are shaded by trees and form long and narrow oases. Among them, the most famous valley is Grape Valley, in addition to Taoergou, Mutou, Tuyugou, Lianmuqin and Supogou.

3 reasons for formation

edit

Charming Flame Mountain (9) It should be noted that spontaneous combustion of coal seams is not uncommon in Xinjiang. Today, the Sulphur Ditch coalfield, 42 kilometers away from Urumqi, has been "fractured vertically and horizontally, filled with smoke, and the flames between rocks roar all the year round." It has been 100 years now (2008). This coalfield fire area lasted for four years (1999 -2003) and was extinguished in 2003. "Tianshan Mountain is a region with strong geological activities. After many geological movements, most of the horizontal coal seams buried in the stratum have become inclined coal seams. After the coal seam is exposed, it contacts with the air, accumulates heat after oxidation, and the temperature rises, causing spontaneous combustion, which eventually leads to coalfield fires. " The nursery engineer, who is in charge of engineering technology in the fire area of Liuzigou coalfield, explained this. The heat and dryness of Flame Mountain are attributed to the unique natural and geographical conditions here. In fact, the Flame Mountain is a branch of Tianshan Mountain, which was formed during the Himalayan movement 50 million to 60 million years ago. For thousands of years, numerous fold belts left by the lateral movement of the earth's crust and the wind erosion and rain stripping of nature have formed the ups and downs and vertical and horizontal gullies of the Flame Mountain. In summer in mountainous areas, the temperature can reach 47℃, the direct sunlight can reach 80℃, and the sand surface can bake cooked eggs.

Tuyugou Mazha villagers' residence. Most of the houses in the Flame Mountain area are semi-cellar-style, and half of them are buried underground. Adobe with fast heat dissipation has always been the main local building material.

"Turpan" is the "lowest place" in Uighur. Located in the heart of Eurasia, deep inland, far from the ocean, surrounded by a large area of arid areas, sandwiched between Bogda Mountain and Kuruktag Mountain in the eastern Tianshan Mountains, the famous Tuha subsidence basin has been formed. Because the climate is extremely dry, the ability of flowing water to transport materials is very weak, there is little hydraulic accumulation in the basin, and the flaming mountain traverses the north-central part of the basin. The blocking effect makes it difficult for the weathered materials eroded by flowing water in Tianshan Mountain to enter the center of the basin, and the basin naturally becomes lower and lower after falling. Turpan is far away from the ocean, so the moist air mass of the ocean cannot enter, and the Atlantic water vapor in the west is blocked by Tianshan Mountain. Its terrain is too low, the height difference between the mountain and the basin exceeds 5600 meters in a short distance, and the foehn effect caused by the sinking and warming of the airflow makes it dry and hot. Therefore, it is called "Fire Island". Because of the exposed mountains and vegetation, the Gobi desert has a large area, long sunshine time, rapid temperature rise during the day, too low basin, and hot air is not easy to be lost, forming the only hot stove in the world above the 42 north latitude line.

The mountain of fire

Chishi Mountain descended the slope.

Although the high temperature is unbearable, Flame Mountain is a natural underground reservoir dam. It is precisely because the center of the Flame Mountain blocked the groundwater seeping from the Gobi gravel belt, raised the groundwater level, and formed a phreatic overflow zone on the northern edge of the mountain, with many springs exposed, which moistened several oases such as Shanshan, Lianmuqin and Subhas, thus creating life in this area.

4 myths and legends

edit

[Literary Works] Journey to the West

Flame Mountain has its unique natural characteristics. In addition, at the end of the Ming Dynasty, Wu Cheng'en banned Tang Sanzang from learning Buddhist scriptures, and the Monkey King wrote the story of the banana fan into the famous ancient novel The Journey to the West, which was linked with Tang Priest, the Monkey King, Princess Tiefan and Niu Wangmo, making the Flame Mountain full of magical colors and becoming a wonderful mountain in the world. Visitors to the Flame Mountain can also see the horse-tied pile when the Tang Priest passed by-a flying stone still stands in the mouth of the rope; A flat-topped hillside in the distance is a stepping stone for Tang Priest to mount his horse. In the east of the tied horse pile, there is a mountain peak across the canyon, on which there is a huge stone like a long mouth, called Bajie Stone. While watching the wonders, I talked about the story that the Monkey King put out the fire with an iron fan in the Flame Mountain, and my trip became full of interest.

It is said that Tang Sanzang took Buddhist scriptures to the Western Heaven to stop the flaming mountain. He met an old man and said, "Dare to ask my father-in-law, why did you return to the heat in the crisp autumn?" The old man said, "We call it the Flame Mountain here. There is no spring and autumn, and it is hot all year round. " "Where is the Flame Mountain?" Sanzang asked. Can you block the way to the west? "The old man said," the west can't go. That mountain is 60 miles from here, which is the only way to the west, but it has 800 miles of flames and nothing grows around it. If you cross the mountain, even the copper head cover and iron body will turn into juice. When Sanzang heard this, he was shocked. He didn't dare to ask the disciples of Journey to the West about this conversation when he first arrived at the Flame Mountain. From then on, the story of princess iron fan, cow and three borrowed banana fans began.

folklore

According to Uygur folklore, there is a dragon in the depths of Tianshan Mountain, which eats virgins. In order to kill the people, the local supreme ruler Shatok Bukhara Khan sent Hara and Zhuo to subdue the dragon. After a soul-stirring battle, the dragon was killed by Hala and Zhuo at Qijiaojing in the northeast of Turpan. The dragon was wounded westward, and the whole mountain was dyed red with blood. So Uighurs call this mountain Hongshan, which is what we call the Flame Mountain.

Where is the Flame Mountain?

Flame Mountain is located in the northern edge of Turpan Basin in Xinjiang. Ancient books called it Chishi Mountain, and Uighur called it "Qizil Tage", which means Red Mountain. The Flame Mountain Range runs east-west, starting from Liusha River in Gan Lan County in the east and reaching Taoergou in Turpan in the west. Length 100km, widest width 10km, and general height is about 500m. The highest peak is near Tuyugou, Shanshan, with an altitude of 831.7m. The flaming mountain is heavy and bare, and nothing grows. In midsummer, the red sun is in the sky, the atmosphere is transpiration, and the flame clouds are lingering, just like flying dragons, which is very spectacular.

Geologists have found that the Flame Mountain is a short fold in the piedmont of Bogda hillside in the eastern Tianshan Mountains, which was formed during the Himalayan movement. The embryonic form of the mountain range was formed10.40 billion years ago, and the basic landform pattern was formed10.410.00 billion years ago. It has experienced a long geological period, spanning several geological years of Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary.

The Flame Mountain runs east-west in the middle of Turpan Basin and is one of the branches of Tianshan Mountain. For hundreds of millions of years, numerous fold belts left by the lateral movement of the earth's crust and the wind erosion and rain stripping of nature have formed the ups and downs and vertical and horizontal gullies of the Flame Mountain. Under the scorching sun, the reddish-brown sandstone sparkles, the hot air rolls up, and the fog fills the air, just like a fire burning, which is the origin of the name "Flame Mountain".

The flaming mountain goes deep inland, and the humid airflow can't enter for a long time. Clouds are less rainy, very dry, solar radiation is weakened by the atmosphere, and more heat reaches the ground. There is no water available for evaporation on the ground, so the heat expenditure is low and the ground temperature rises very high; And the earth keeps sending energy to the atmosphere. In addition, the Flame Mountain is located in the middle of the closed and low-lying Turpan Basin. On the one hand, the heat accumulated by sunlight radiation is not easy to be lost; On the other hand, downward flow, along the mountain range, emits bursts of hot air, which intensifies the warming effect due to the foehn effect. All these make it a veritable "fire island".

Due to crustal movement fracture and river cutting, many valleys have been left on the mountainside of Huo Yan Mountain, mainly Taoergou, Mutou, Tuyugou, Lianmuqin and Supogou. Moreover, these valleys are shaded by trees, with beautiful scenery, flowing water and fragrant melons and fruits. One of the most famous is Tuyugou Grand Canyon. Tuyugou Grand Canyon is located in the middle of Huoyan Mountain in Shanshan County, starting from Subas Village in the north and ending at Mazha Village in the south. The canyon between the two villages is about 12.5km long and covers an area of 12k m2. There is a simple Panshan highway connecting the north and south ends. Nangukou is located in the southwest of Gaochang ancient city 13 km, with superior geographical position. Tuyugou Grand Canyon has the highest peak of Flame Mountain. The east and west peaks of Tuyugou Grand Canyon are known as "natural fire walls", and the highest temperature can reach 60℃.

Tuyugou Grand Canyon condenses the essence of the landscape of the Flame Mountain. The mountains on both sides of the valley were originally ochre, colorful under the sunlight, and the color depth changed with the weather. The mountain stream winds to the south, strolling at the bottom of the valley, and the stream is clear. Look up at all kinds of colorful stones, such as red, yellow, brown, green and black. Tuyugou Canyon is rare in other canyons because of its wonder of mountains, beauty of stones, beauty of streams and sweetness of fruits. Known as "the most magnificent canyon in the Flame Mountain".

The soil at the bottom of Tuyugou Grand Canyon is yellow and red. Snow and water in Tianshan Mountain pass through the valley, washing the yellow-red soil out of Nangukou, and forming a fertile alluvial plain at the southern end of the canyon. This kind of soil is most suitable for cultivating seedless white grapes, so grapes first settled in Tuyugou, China. This is the hometown of Turpan seedless white grapes and one of the export bases of seedless white grapes. The seedless white grape produced here has the largest grain and the strongest sweetness, and is known as the "treasure in grapes".

Grape valley is also one of the valleys with beautiful scenery and fragrant melons and fruits. Grape Valley is located at the western end of Flame Mountain. Here in full of green, the scenery is beautiful, in sharp contrast with the bare flame mountain. In the valley of grapevine, there are two mountains sandwiched between them, forming an inclined valley with a swift stream inside. This ditch is 8000 meters long and 500 meters wide, and there are orchards and vineyards everywhere. Fruit farmers of Uygur, Hui and Han nationalities have lived here for generations, mainly planting famous seedless white grapes and mare's milk grapes, as well as fine grape varieties such as Rose Red, Kashhar, Bifugan, Black Grape and Zuozuo Grape. The seedless white grapes in the ditch are crystal clear as jade, and they are the sweetest grapes in the world. Spring water seeped from the cliff of Grape Valley and gathered into a pool. The water in the pool was clear. Strolling here makes people feel that they are not in the Flame Mountain.