Characteristics of various climates, typical areas

The subtropical monsoon climate is distributed in the subtropical area on the east coast of the mainland. The winter here is not cold, the average temperature in January is generally above 0℃, and the summer is hot. The average temperature in July is generally around 25℃, and the wind direction is strong in winter and summer. There are obvious changes. The annual precipitation is generally above 1000 mm, mainly concentrated in summer and less in winter. This type of climate is most typical in southeastern my country. In other areas, since there is a considerable amount of precipitation in winter, there is not much difference between dryness and wetness in winter and summer, so it is called a subtropical monsoon humid climate.

The temperate monsoon climate is distributed in the eastern areas of my country north of the Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River, the north of North Korea and Japan, and the eastern coastal areas of Siberia. It is characterized by warm summers, cold winters, and annual precipitation of 500-1000 mm. , mainly concentrated in summer, the temperature difference between winter and summer increases from south to north, and the precipitation decreases from south to north.

The temperate monsoon climate occurs on the east coast of the Eurasian continent at about 35° to 55° north latitude, including North my country and Northeast China, most of North Korea, northern Japan, and part of the Far East of the Soviet Union. In winter, affected by northerly winds from high latitudes inland, polar continental air masses prevail here, which is cold and dry; in summer, affected by polar oceanic air masses or modified tropical oceanic air masses, easterly and southeasterly winds prevail, making it warm, hot and rainy, with rain and heat in the same season. The annual precipitation is about 1,000 mm, about two-thirds concentrated in summer. There are four distinct seasons throughout the year and the weather is changeable. As the latitude increases, the temperature range in winter and summer increases correspondingly, while the precipitation gradually decreases. Temperate continental climate Temperate continental climate: wēn dài dà lù xìnɡ qì hòu Mainly distributed in the inland areas of Eurasia and North America at 40° to 60°. Because it is far away from the ocean, the humid climate is difficult to reach, so it is dry and rainless, and the daily and annual temperature ranges are large. Moreover, the closer to the center of the continent, the drier it becomes, the greater the annual and daily temperature ranges, and the vegetation also transitions from forests to grasslands and deserts. It is located inland and on the east coast of the mainland between 40° and 60--65° north latitude. In winter, under the control of continental climate, the average temperature in the coldest month is below 0℃ in the south and close to -40℃ in the north. The average temperature in the hottest month is 26-27℃ in the south and close to 20℃ in the north. The growing season lasts about 200 days in the south and only 50-70 days in the north. Those belonging to this climate zone include: Northeast China, most of Siberia, most of Alaska and Canada, and around the Great Lakes of the United States. Subtropical monsoon climate The subtropical monsoon climate is distributed on the east coast of the subtropical continent at 25° to 35° north latitude. It is a zone where tropical oceanic air masses and polar continental air masses alternately control and compete with each other. It is mainly distributed in the area south of the Huaihe River in the Qinling Mountains in eastern my country and north of the tropical monsoon climate type, as well as in southern Japan and the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. The winter here is not cold. The average temperature in January is generally above 0℃, and the summer is hot. The average temperature in July is generally around 25℃. The wind direction changes significantly between winter and summer. The annual precipitation is generally above 1000 mm, mainly concentrated in summer and winter. less. This type of climate is most typical in southeastern my country. In other areas, since there is a considerable amount of precipitation in winter, there is not much difference between dryness and wetness in winter and summer, so it is called a subtropical monsoon humid climate. Tropical monsoon climate latitude is 10 degrees to the Tropic of Cancer, east coast of the continent. Specifically, it is mainly distributed in southern Taiwan, Leizhou Peninsula, Hainan Island, most areas of Indochina, the Indian Peninsula, and the Philippine Islands; in addition, it is also distributed in the northern coastal zone of the Australian continent. Climatic characteristics: 1. The temperature here is high all year round, with the annual average temperature above 20°C and the coldest month generally above 18°C. 2． The annual precipitation is large, concentrated in the summer. This is due to the fact that under the control of the equatorial ocean air mass, there is more convective rain in the summer, coupled with the large amount of precipitation brought by the passing of tropical cyclones, thus causing more summer rain than in the tropical dry and wet season climate; On some windward coasts, due to topography, summer precipitation even exceeds that in equatorial rainy climate areas. Annual precipitation is generally above 1,500 to 2,000 mm. The tropical monsoon in this area is developed, with obvious dry and wet seasons. In the northern hemisphere, northeasterly winds blow in winter, forming a dry season; in summer, southwesterly winds from the Indian Ocean (northwesterly winds in the southern hemisphere) blow, which are rich in water vapor and concentrate precipitation, forming a warm season.

Moisture is an important climate resource necessary for industrial and agricultural production and people's lives. Water resources in a region include atmospheric precipitation, surface water, soil water and groundwater. Atmospheric precipitation is the fundamental source of water resources on land. The amount and spatial distribution of atmospheric precipitation often determine the degree of dryness of a region, and also affect the flow of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, thereby directly or indirectly affecting the flood status of industrial and agricultural production and restricting regional production development.

my country is located on the east side of the Eurasian continent, bordering the Pacific Ocean in the east and south, and not far from the South China Sea and the Bay of Bengal in the southwest. Affected by the southeast and southwest monsoons, it is characterized by rain in the southeast and drought in the northwest. The annual precipitation decreases from the east and south to the northwest inland. The isohyet line roughly runs from northeast to southwest. The 400 mm isohyet line roughly turns southwest along the Greater Hinggan Mountains through Yanshan and Liupan Mountains to southern Tibet. To the south and east of this line, affected by the humid monsoon in summer, semi-humid and humid areas have better coordination of light, heat and water, and are the main agricultural areas in my country; to the west, except for the Tianshan Mountains, Qilian Mountains and other mountainous areas, there is slightly more precipitation Except for this, other areas are relatively dry and are mainly pastoral areas.

The annual rainfall in some areas of northern and western Guangdong, central Hainan, southwestern Guangxi, north-central Taiwan, northwestern Fujian, eastern Zhejiang, southern Yunnan, and southeastern Tibet reaches more than 2,000 mm; most of South China and western Sichuan The basin is 1,300 to 1,700 mm; most of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, most of the Yunnan Plateau, and most of the Sichuan Basin are 1,000 to 1,500 mm; the Huaihe and Han River basins, northwest Sichuan, southwestern Sichuan, eastern Longxi, and southeastern Tibet are 800 to 1,000 mm mm; central and southern North China, eastern Northeast China and Shandong Peninsula. Guanzhong, Shaanxi, southern Shaanxi, Longnan, eastern Longxi, and western Sichuan are 500 to 700 mm (700 to 850 mm in the Changbai Mountain area); most of the Northeast Plain, northeastern Hebei, northwest Shanxi, northern Shaanxi, southeastern Qinghai, western Sichuan, and other places In areas such as eastern Tibet, it is 400 to 580 mm. To the west of this line, except for some areas in the Tianshan and Qilian Mountains where the annual precipitation is around 400 mm, most of the others are below 200 mm. Among them, the annual precipitation in the Tarim and Qaidam basins and western Inner Mongolia is below 50 mm.