What meteorological satellites have China launched?

It is the first generation quasi-polar sun-synchronous orbit meteorological satellite developed in China.

Its main task is to obtain atmospheric, cloud, land and ocean data at home and abroad, and collect relevant data for weather forecast, climate forecast, natural disasters and global environmental monitoring. Satellites can send real-time meteorological cloud pictures to cloud picture receiving stations all over the world, and can also detect ocean water color and conduct remote sensing research on ocean temperature; The satellite carries a space particle composition monitor, which can study the space environment.

△1On September 7th, 988, FY- 1A was successfully launched.

△1FY- 1B was successfully launched on September 3rd, 990.

Application and characteristics: The satellite scheme and many new technologies adopted are verified. The performance and main functions of the spaceborne 5-channel visible and infrared scanning radiometer are equivalent to those of the third generation polar-orbiting meteorological satellite in the United States, and close to the level of business application. The image quality of satellite visible light channel is good, and the signal-to-noise ratio is higher than the design requirements.

△ 1999 FY- 1C was successfully launched on May 10.

Application: Send 10 digital cloud images with the resolution of 1. 1 km to weather stations all over the world twice a day; Record and store four foreign digital cloud images with 4 km resolution, and delay playback to China ground station.

The satellite consists of remote sensing (including space particle detector), image transmission, DCDS, antenna, structure, thermal control, power supply, attitude control, measurement and control and on-board computer 10 subsystem. The first four subsystems are satellite payloads, and the last six subsystems are satellite platform service subsystems.

Features: ① 10 channel scanning radiometer

The main detectors of the satellite are two backup 10 channel scanning radiometers, and the on-orbit measurement results of their main technical performance are shown in table 1 and table 2. Among them, the calibration accuracy of visible light and near infrared channels reaches the index requirement of 10%; The calibration accuracy of infrared radiation meets the requirements of 1K; The spatial resolution of HRPT image is better than 1. 1km, and that of GDPT image is better than 4km.

② Space particle composition detector

The detection results of the space particle composition detector are shown in Table 3.

③ Image transmission characteristics

High resolution image transmission (CHRPT): The frequency is 1700MHz, and the code rate is L.3308 MB/s, which can be received in real time anywhere in the world.

Delayed image transmission (DPT): The frequency is 1708 MHz and the code rate is 1.3308Mb/s/s, which can be divided into GDPT and LDPT. GDPT is used for airborne storage of global data, with 4 channels (channel 1, 2, 4, 5) and 4 km resolution. On-board storage of 300-minute observation data can be carried out, and global data can be obtained once a day when the satellite transits.

④ Attitude control performance of FY-1C satellite. The attitude control system of three-axis stable orientation to the ground adopts biased momentum wheel plus magnetic precession, nutation control and magnetic smooth unloading scheme. Three infrared horizon meters are the main attitude measuring instruments, and two computers constitute the central controller of attitude control. The on-orbit test results are shown in Table 4.

⑤ Satellite lifetime and availability of cloud image data.

The design life of the satellite is 2 years; The availability rate of cloud image data is greater than 97.5% in the service period.

△ FY- 1d was successfully launched on May 5, 2005.

Features:

First, advanced geostationary orbit observation technology. The geostationary orbit is 35,800 kilometers away from the Earth, so it is technically quite difficult to obtain high-definition images at such a distance. Therefore, its first technical feature is a vehicle-mounted observer, which has five channels, that is, it can obtain five pictures at the same time.

Second, the overall design technology of the satellite. Fengyun-2 has a good picture quality. In order to ensure high-quality images, a lot of work has been done in satellite design, including how to provide energy on the satellite, how to control the attitude of the satellite, and how to ensure the data processing and distribution on the satellite.

Thirdly, satellite-ground integration realizes high-precision image positioning. Ordinary netizens may not know much about this. It is difficult for remote sensing satellites to accurately locate images of the earth, especially stationary satellites. So far, we have achieved the "pixel level" of image positioning accuracy. The advantages of accurate positioning are: 1. The estimation of the disaster location will reduce the error. 2. It will keep the continuous animation stable.

Fourthly, the biggest highlight of Fengyun-2 is that the quantitative application we have done is quite unique, and some application technologies are also recognized by international peers. A variety of quantitative products have been formed in the processing of Fengyun-2 observation data, and various atmospheric physical parameters can be retrieved by using such observation data. Such as wind field, cloud parameters and precipitation information.

Fifth, the satellite-ground system realizes stable business operation. Meteorological satellites need continuous observation. Once the satellite stops working, it will have a serious impact on weather forecast and disaster monitoring. The ground system of Fengyun-2 satellite has realized continuous operation 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.

Fengyun-2 meteorological satellite

It is the first geostationary meteorological satellite developed by China.

The main functions of Fengyun-2 satellite are to obtain daytime visible light cloud images, day and night infrared cloud images and water vapor distribution maps, fax weather maps for reception and utilization by meteorological data utilization stations at home and abroad, collect meteorological monitoring data from meteorological, hydrological and marine data collection platforms, monitor solar activities and satellite in-orbit space environment, and provide monitoring data for satellite engineering and space environmental science research.

Undertake the obligation to observe the global weather and climate.

△ test star: Fengyun-2 A star was successfully launched in June 1997, 10.

Fengyun-2 B star was successfully launched on June 25th, 2000.

△ Commercial Star: Feng Yuner's C star was successfully launched in June 65438+1October 65438+September 2004.

Feng Yun-2 D star was successfully launched on February 8, 200665438.

E-Star Fengyun-2 is scheduled to be launched in 2009.

Technical features:

First, advanced geostationary orbit observation technology. The geostationary orbit is 35,800 kilometers away from the Earth, so it is technically quite difficult to obtain high-definition images at such a distance. Therefore, its first technical feature is a vehicle-mounted observer, which has five channels, that is, it can obtain five pictures at the same time.

Second, the overall design technology of the satellite. Fengyun-2 has a good picture quality. In order to ensure high-quality images, a lot of work has been done in satellite design, including how to provide energy on the satellite, how to control the attitude of the satellite, and how to ensure the data processing and distribution on the satellite.

Thirdly, satellite-ground integration realizes high-precision image positioning. Ordinary netizens may not know much about this. It is difficult for remote sensing satellites to accurately locate images of the earth, especially stationary satellites. So far, we have achieved the "pixel level" of image positioning accuracy. The advantages of accurate positioning are: 1. The estimation of the disaster location will reduce the error. 2. It will keep the continuous animation stable.

Fourthly, the biggest highlight of Fengyun-2 is that the quantitative application we have done is quite unique, and some application technologies are also recognized by international peers. A variety of quantitative products have been formed in the processing of Fengyun-2 observation data, and various atmospheric physical parameters can be retrieved by using such observation data. Such as wind field, cloud parameters and precipitation information.

Fifth, the satellite-ground system realizes stable business operation. Meteorological satellites need continuous observation. Once the satellite stops working, it will have a serious impact on weather forecast and disaster monitoring. The ground system of Fengyun-2 satellite has realized continuous operation 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.

Fengyun-3 meteorological satellite

It is the second generation polar-orbiting meteorological satellite in China. In order to meet the urgent needs of weather forecast, climate forecast and environmental monitoring in China.

Features: First, it will realize three-dimensional detection of the atmosphere. Because the satellite carries advanced microwave detectors and infrared vertical detectors, we can not only understand the surface characteristics of clouds and atmosphere, but also understand the vertical structure distribution of atmospheric temperature and humidity, which is very important for weather forecast, especially numerical forecast.

Second, realize global high-resolution observation. This is of great value to global climate and natural disaster monitoring. Fengyun-3 satellite has a strong on-board storage capacity, which can store data observed all over the world. At the same time, the China Meteorological Bureau cooperated with Sweden to establish a data receiving service in the Arctic, which can obtain global observation data and transmit them to Beijing.

The third is to achieve all-weather and full-time work. Fengyun-3 satellite is not restricted by day and night, nor is it affected by various weather conditions. It can work under various conditions and provide 24-hour observation service. This is a boon for remote sensing technology.

Application: (1) provides global meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity and cloud radiation for weather forecast, especially for medium-range numerical weather forecast;

(2) monitoring large-scale natural disasters and ecological environment;

(3) Studying global environmental changes, exploring the laws of global climate change, and providing geophysical parameters for climate diagnosis and prediction;

(four) to provide global and regional meteorological information for professional meteorological services such as military meteorology, aviation and navigation.

In addition, at present, China's polar-orbiting meteorological satellites and geostationary meteorological satellites have entered the business. The satellites in orbit are Fengyun-1D (launched in 2002) and Fengyun-2C (launched in 2004).