Why does it thunder, rain, lightning and hail?

When water evaporates into the air, it will condense into small raindrops and form clouds when it meets cold air. Because the updraft generated by the ground receiving solar radiation drags small raindrops, the clouds will not fall to the ground, but the small raindrops will get bigger and bigger, and eventually it will rain if the updraft can't hold up. If the cold air is too cold, it will directly condense into small ice crystals, which will converge when the snow can't stop the updraft, leading to snowfall, while the raindrops will fall and freeze with the cold air again to form ice hockey, that is, hail.

On the charged principle of thunderstorm clouds, an interpretation theory abroad;

/kloc-proposed by J. elster and H. Geitel at the end of 0/9. He believes that precipitation particles such as raindrops or hail are polarized under the action of atmospheric electric field pointing downward (such as sunny electric field), resulting in negative charge on the upper part and positive charge on the lower part, so the cloud drops or ice crystals bouncing back from the lower part of precipitation particles will take away part of the positive charge on the lower part.

Because precipitation particles fall fast, cloud droplets and ice crystals fall slowly, resulting in gravity separation. At this time, the upper part of the cloud is cloud droplets and ice crystals (or only one), forming a positive charge center, and the lower part of the cloud is precipitation particles, forming a negative charge center. According to the calculation, it is found that the process of ice crystal rebound caused by polarized hail collision or the process of cloud droplet rebound caused by polarized raindrop collision can generate electricity in thunderstorm clouds. Since 1970s, many researchers have developed this theory.