(34 points) Read the following materials and complete the following questions with the knowledge you have learned. Material 1: China's 30th Antarctic expedition started from Shanghai on 20 13, 1654381

(34 points) Read the following materials and complete the following questions with the knowledge you have learned. Material 1: China's 30th Antarctic expedition started from Shanghai on 20 13, 16543817 October.

(1) The position is correct (2 points); 7 15km (7 10 ~ 730km is correct, 2 points); First to the southeast and then to the northeast (2 points); The days at Great Wall Station, Zhongshan Station and taishan station Station are long and the nights are short, and the days at Kunlun Station are extreme (3 points). The order of long days is Kunlun Station, taishan station Zhongshan Station and Great Wall Station (3 points).

(2) Sea along the way: The Snow Dragon has a long journey to the South Pole, and it will cross the roaring westerlies and ice floes, which will cause great difficulties and dangers for maritime navigation. (4 points) Land activities: transportation is difficult, with deep snow on the ground and unfathomable ice cracks, making material transportation extremely difficult; Cold, the Antarctic continent is the coldest land in the world, and players' exposed skin parts such as faces, hands and feet will be frostbitten; The weather is bad, and the Antarctic continent is the strongest and windiest area in the world. There are many strong winds and blizzards, which lead to albino weather (the airflow rolls the powdery snow on the surface of the ice sheet into the air) and poor visibility, which brings great inconvenience to the life and work of the team members; Strong ultraviolet radiation and thin ozone over the polar regions release a lot of ultraviolet radiation, which is harmful to people's health. (8 points) (As long as the answer is reasonable, extra points can be added as appropriate)

(3) There is no extreme day and night phenomenon, except for the poles, the rest of the country is divided equally day and night throughout the year; The alternation of day and night is less than 24 hours (about 23 hours and 52 minutes); Except for the pole, the sun rises in the west and sets in the east every day, and the pole sun is located on the horizon all year round; The midday sun height in all parts of the Antarctic region is constant every day, and there is no seasonal change throughout the year; Polar westerly winds (southwest winds) prevail under the control of polar high pressure; A horizontally moving object deflects to the right; Looking up at the sky at the South Pole, the celestial bodies you see move counterclockwise around the zenith. (Give 12 points for correct answers at four o'clock, and give points as appropriate as long as the answers are reasonable. )

Test analysis:

(1) It is easy to mark taishan station according to latitude and longitude. The distance between taishan station and Kunlun Station is estimated according to the latitude difference of about11km on the longitude line, and the longitudes of the two places are basically the same, so it can be calculated according to the latitude difference. On the sphere, the distance between the two places is the shortest. From the Great Wall Station to Zhongshan Station, it usually flies eastward. At first, the latitude rises, approaching the South Pole, and then decreases, away from the South Pole, so it goes to the southeast first, and then to the northeast. On February 8th, the day when the taishan station station was established, according to the direct point, it moved about 8 0 latitude every month (about 100 every four days), and the extreme sunrise was now near the direct point10 s on that day, that is, 80° S south, so the extreme day only appeared in the Kunlun station of four research stations, and the rest days were long and the nights were short, and the days became longer as the location went south.

(2) Pay attention to the analysis from both land and sea. From China to the South Pole, the journey is long and the sea conditions along the way are complicated. To reach the South Pole, we must cross the westerly belt prevailing in the southern hemisphere and the ice floe belt outside the South Pole. These are the two most dangerous sea areas. There are tens of thousands of huge icebergs floating in the ocean around the Antarctic continent, which has caused great difficulties and dangers for maritime navigation. The climate characteristics of the Antarctic continent can be summarized as "extremely cold, dry and windy", which is a great test for human survival and activities. More than 95% of Antarctica is covered with ice and snow all the year round, forming a huge and thick ice sheet, sometimes encountering unfathomable ice cracks, and walking in Antarctica is full of danger.

(3) If the earth's rotation direction is opposite to the present, natural phenomena caused by the rotation direction will also change in the opposite direction, such as the apparent motion direction of celestial bodies, the direction of geostrophic deflection force, and the rotation period of the earth. (Because the rotation direction is opposite to the revolution direction, the solar day is shorter than now, about 4 minutes shorter than sidereal day); If the ecliptic angle is zero, the direct point of the sun will not move north and south, and the natural phenomena caused by the seasonal movement of the direct point of the sun will not exist, such as the change of the length of day and night, the change of the height of the sun at noon, the seasonal change and so on.