What observation equipment does Fang Datian Yun mainly have? What field is it generally used to observe meteorology?

Laser cloud altimeter: irradiate the cloud with a laser beam, measure the time of laser emission and reception, thus calculate the distance of reflection points in the cloud, and determine the cloud amount by integrating time. It is usually used in airports.

Micro-pulse lidar: it can measure the temporal and spatial distribution monitoring of cloud bottom and multi-layer clouds, the temporal and spatial distribution monitoring of boundary layer, the vertical distribution and temporal and spatial evolution of aerosol. Suitable for airports and forest scenic spots.

2. Visibility observation

Forward scattering visibility meter: the transmitter and receiver are at a certain angle and a certain distance. The receiver receives forward scattered light from the atmosphere. By measuring the intensity of scattered light, the scattering coefficient is obtained and the extinction coefficient is estimated.

Transmission visibility meter: calculate visibility by measuring the average extinction coefficient of horizontal air column between transmitter and receiver. It is generally applied to the observation of transportation departments.

3. Observe weather phenomena

Weather phenomenon instrument: it is an intelligent multivariable sensor, which consists of scattering visibility instrument, precipitation monitoring system sensor and temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind speed and other sensors. Through the logical analysis of these data variables, we can judge the weather phenomenon.

Lightning Locator: The lightning discharge parameters are telemetered by using the acoustic, optical and electromagnetic characteristics of lightning radiation, and the preprocessed lightning data are sent to the central data processing station for real-time intersection processing, which can record the time, location, intensity and polarity of lightning. Commonly used in highway traffic.

4. Barometric observation

Silicon film box capacitive pressure sensor: the vacuum film box is made of monocrystalline silicon film, and the capacitance is changed by the deformation of the upper and lower diaphragms of the film box, and then the air pressure is measured by measuring the capacitance change. At present, the air pressure sensor widely used in automatic weather stations in China is an intelligent full compensation digital air pressure sensor, and its sensitive element is a silicon capacitor. The air pressure sensor is installed in the shell of the collector and communicates with the outside atmosphere through the static pressure communication pipe. Used in some conventional automatic weather stations, such as meteorological departments.

5, temperature observation

Temperature sensor: the resistance value of platinum resistor changes with temperature, and the temperature of the measured object can be calculated by measuring its resistance value. This type of sensor is used for air temperature, grassland surface temperature, shallow soil temperature and deep soil temperature in meteorological observation stations. Generally used for general meteorological observation, general weather stations, such as meteorological bureau, agricultural departments, etc.

6. Humidity observation

Humidity sensitive capacitance humidity sensor: a small capacitor with organic polymer film as dielectric. It is installed on a special bracket in the shutter box and located in the center of the horizontal plane of the shutter box. The cable penetrates into the tube from the bottom of the bracket and exits from the top of the tube. The sensor is fixed on the clamp of the cross arm with the head down.

When the external relative humidity changes, as a humidity-sensitive film, polymer can adsorb and release water vapor molecules, and its dielectric constant ε changes accordingly, which promotes the change of humidity-sensitive capacitance and converts the capacitance change into voltage change. The output voltage range is 0 ~ 0 ~ 1V, and the relative humidity can be obtained by measuring the output voltage. Generally used for general meteorological observation, general weather stations, such as meteorological bureau, agricultural departments, etc.

7. Wind observation

Air cup wind speed sensor: three cup sensors are used. When the gas cup rotates, it drives the coaxial multi-tooth cutting disc to rotate, so as to obtain a pulse signal proportional to the rotation speed of the gas cup, and the actual wind speed value can be obtained after counting by the counter.

8, precipitation observation

Tipping bucket rain gauge: the sensitive part is two triangular buckets, which can rotate around the central axis. Every rotation, the moving magnet scans the reed switch once, and the two electrodes are attracted to generate electric pulses. Record the rainfall according to the dumping times. At present, most ground meteorological observation systems use tipping bucket rainfall sensors.

9, agricultural meteorological observation equipment

Agricultural meteorological automatic observation system is to observe crops and their external environment (farmland and soil) in real time, and mainly collect farmland microclimate data, soil data, crop growth parameters, images and on-site monitoring videos according to business needs. The whole system can be powered by rural power, solar energy, wind energy and other power supply modes, and can interact with the upper computer software through various communication modes such as optical fiber /3G/WiFi/ microwave. The supporting agricultural meteorological observation automatic collection and comprehensive processing platform has the functions of observation data sorting and storage, station parameter setting, equipment operation state monitoring, log management, meteorological observation data query and display, crop disaster analysis and early warning, crop growth display, data upload and so on.

10, traffic meteorological monitoring

The traffic meteorological observation station can monitor the road environment accurately and timely, and can be combined with other monitoring subsystems of the traffic management department to realize an intelligent traffic security network system, which can monitor various monitoring elements needed by highways such as fog, road icing and snow in real time.

1 1, negative ion observation in scenic spots

Negative ion monitoring can monitor the change of atmospheric negative ion concentration in a long-term, automatic, continuous and all-weather way, which can meet the business needs of environmental meteorological observation and meet the requirements of high precision and stability of observation data. It has the characteristics of high reliability, high precision, easy maintenance and easy backup.