Pre-earthquake symptoms and escape and self-help methods

Earthquake precursors refer to abnormal phenomena before the earthquake, such as seismic activity, obvious changes in the surface, geophysical anomalies such as geomagnetism, geoelectricity and gravity, groundwater level, hydrochemistry and abnormal animal behavior.

Ten rules for escaping from an earthquake:

1. For the personal safety of yourself and your family, please hide under solid furniture such as tables.

The shaking time is about 1 min. This is the first thing that should be considered is the personal safety of yourself and your family. First, hide under a solid table with a low center of gravity and hold the legs tightly. In places where there is no table to hide, protect your head with cushions and other things anyway.

2. Turn off the fire immediately when shaking, and put out the fire immediately in case of fire.

When there is a big earthquake, there will also be situations where you can't rely on fire engines to put out the fire. Therefore, the efforts of each of us to turn off the fire is an important factor in whether the earthquake disaster can be controlled to a minimum. Get into the habit of turning off even a small earthquake. In order to prevent the fire from causing great disaster, it is self-evident that it is extremely important for the family to help each other and put out the fire early. There were three chances to turn off the fire during the earthquake. The first chance is to say hello to the other party immediately before the big earthquake comes, when you feel the small earthquake: "Earthquake! Turn off the fire! " Turn off the heating stove, gas stove, etc.

Don't panic and run outdoors.

After the earthquake, running out in a panic, broken glass, roof tiles, billboards, etc. are very dangerous. Fall down and hit you. In addition, cement prefabricated walls and vending machines are also in danger of collapse. Don't go near these objects.

4. Open the door and ensure the exit.

Houses with reinforced concrete structures, etc. Has been locked in the house because of the dislocation of doors and windows caused by earthquake shaking. Please open the door and ensure the exit. Usually, you should think about how to escape if you are locked in the house, and prepare ladders and ropes.

5, outdoor occasions, to protect the head, to avoid dangerous places.

When the earth shakes violently and stands unsteadily, people will have the psychology of leaning over and grasping something. Most of the doorposts and walls around you will be the objects of support. However, these seemingly solid things are actually dangerous. During the undersea earthquake in Miyagi Prefecture 1987, Japan, many people were killed or injured due to the collapse of precast concrete walls and doorposts. Be sure not to get close to cement precast slab walls, doorposts, etc. In busy streets and buildings, the most dangerous thing is that things like glass windows and billboards fall and hurt people. Pay attention to protect your head with your hands or handbags. In addition, pay attention to the situation that the vending machine falls over and hurts people.

6. In department stores and theaters, according to the instructions of the staff.

In places where there are many people in department stores and underground streets, the most terrible thing is chaos. Please follow the instructions of the store staff and security guards. As far as earthquakes are concerned, it is said that underground streets are relatively safe. Even if there is a power failure, the emergency lighting will come on immediately. Please take action calmly. In case of fire, it will be filled with smoke immediately. Take refuge in a low body posture and don't smoke at all. If you take the elevator, you can't use it in case of an earthquake or fire. In case there is an earthquake when you take the elevator, please press all the buttons on each floor on the operation panel. Once stopped, leave the elevator quickly and take refuge after confirming safety.

7, the car parked on the side of the road, are not allowed to drive in the control area.

In the event of a major earthquake, the car will be like a flat tire, unable to grasp the steering wheel and difficult to drive. You must pay full attention to avoid the intersection and park your car on the side of the road. In order not to hinder the passage of evacuees and emergency vehicles, we should give way to the middle part of the road. Most roads in the urban area will be completely closed. Pay full attention to car radio broadcasting. If there is a policeman nearby, you should follow his instructions. When you need to take refuge, in order not to get involved in the fire, please close the window, put the car keys in the car, don't lock the door, and act with the local people.

8. Be sure to pay attention to landslides, falling rocks or tsunamis.

On hillsides and steep slopes, there is danger of landslides and falling rocks, so you should take refuge in a safe place quickly. On the coast, there is a danger of encountering a tsunami. If you feel an earthquake or issue a tsunami warning, please pay attention to the information on radio and television and take refuge in a safe place quickly.

9. Walk when taking refuge, and take as few personal belongings as possible.

When the fire caused by the earthquake spreads and burns, endangering life and personal safety, take refuge measures. In principle, people's disaster prevention organizations, streets, etc. You should take refuge on foot under the leadership of the person in charge and the police, and carry as few items as possible. Never take refuge by car or bike.

10, don't listen to rumors, don't act rashly.

In the event of a major earthquake, people are easily shaken psychologically. In order to prevent confusion, it is extremely important for everyone to act calmly based on correct information. Get correct information from portable radios, etc. Trust the information obtained directly from the government, police and fire prevention agencies, and never believe irresponsible gossip, let alone make a move.

Extended data:

Earthquake common sense:

1, don't worry when there is a big earthquake.

Destructive earthquake takes only 12 seconds on average from when people feel the vibration to when buildings are destroyed. In this short time, don't panic, and make a quick choice according to your own environment to ensure safety. If you live in a bungalow, you can run to the door quickly. If you live in a building, don't jump off a building. You should immediately cut off the switch and gas, take refuge in places with small spans such as toilets, or under tables and beds, and evacuate quickly after the earthquake to prevent strong aftershocks.

2. Many people find a hiding place first.

In schools, shops, theaters and other places where people gather, if you encounter an earthquake, you should avoid panic. After the earthquake, they should immediately hide under tables, chairs or solid objects and evacuate in an orderly manner. Teachers and other field workers must calmly instruct people to take electric shocks on the spot and never take the lead in running around.

Step 3 stay away from dangerous areas

If you encounter an earthquake in the street, cover your head with your hands and quickly get away from the building and go to the center of the street. If you encounter an earthquake in the suburbs, you should pay attention to stay away from cliffs, steep slopes, river banks and high-voltage lines. Moving cars and trains should stop at once.

4, buried to save physical strength

If you are unfortunately buried under the rubble after the earthquake, try to stay calm and try to save yourself. When you can't get out of danger, you should save your strength, try your best to find water and food, create living conditions, and wait patiently for rescuers.

References:

China Net-China Travel Search: Ten Rules and Emergency Measures for Earthquake Escape and Self-help.

References:

China Education Network-Ten Rules and Four Common Sense of Earthquake Escape and Self-help