What scenery descriptions in Zoumachuan reflect the grandeur of frontier fortress?

"Farewell to General Feng of the Western Expedition on the Benma River" Poetic title: "Farewell to General Feng of the Western Expedition on the Benma River" Author: Dai, Tang style, seven ancient styles;

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Farewell to Feng, the general of the Western Expedition, for his song of running the horse river.

Look, how fast the Benma River runs to Xue Hai! And sand, from the desert, yellow flies to heaven.

On the night of the ninth month, there was a cold wind blowing in the wheel tower and the valley, and the valley was full of broken boulders like pecking rice, which went down and forward with the wind.

Despite the dust, the Tatar horse fat, the west of the Jinshan Mountain, and the gathering of smoke and dust, Oh, general of China's army, start your campaign! .

Wear your armor all night and let your soldiers March with rumbling weapons! And the sharp tip of the wind cuts his face like a knife.

The snow steamed on horseback, freezing the pattern of five-flowered coins, and the water solidified the inkstone in the curtain.

It has cooled the heart of the barbarian leader, and you will no longer need a real battle! We are waiting for the news of victory in Xiguan! .

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Precautions:

Zoumachuan: Also known as Zuomo River, it is now the Cher River in Xinjiang. Luntai: In today's Miquan County, Xinjiang. Military adviser: It seems to be a mechanic. Hengtang retired as a military adviser. The automobile market is the seat of Tang Anxi Duhu House, now Turpan County, Xinjiang.

1, Jinshan: Altai Mountain.

2. Han family: this refers to the Tang Dynasty through the Han Dynasty.

3, even money: the markings on the horse.

4. Poetic lines: a genre of poetry.

Brief analysis:

In the poem, we grasp the scenery with frontier characteristics and describe the dangers of the environment, thus setting off the dauntless heroism of the foot soldiers. The use of metaphor, exaggeration and other artistic techniques is thrilling, vivid and enthusiastic. The rhyme of the whole verse sentence is rare in seven-character ancient poems. Except for the first two sentences, three sentences have become rhymes.

Rhyme translation:

Don't you see,

The vast Zoumachuan is near the edge of Xue Hai.

The vast desert, yellow sand rolling into the blue sky.

The autumn wind in September on the wheel platform roared with the night.

The rubble in Zoumachuan is as big as a bucket.

The wind swept away and the stone flew away.

The grassland of Xiongnu turned yellow precisely because the horse gained weight in autumn.

On the west side of Jinshan, there is chaos and smoke flying everywhere.

The Han family will be ordered to lead troops to the west.

The general wears armor, which he keeps on taking off day and night.

Marching in the middle of the night, the soldiers hit each other with spears.

When the cold wind blows, my face cuts like a knife.

Snowflakes on horseback are evaporated by sweat,

The striped horse's stripes soon turned into ice,

In Chancellesville, the water that drafted the campaign also froze.

Takan, everyone is scared,

I knew they wouldn't dare to fight each other.

Only the car driver in the west gate is waiting for the prisoner to report the good news.

Literal translation:

Look at the desolate Zoumachuan near Xue Hai. The yellow sand is boundless and straight through the sky. Just arrived in September, the strong wind on the wheel platform roared day and night, as big as a bucket of gravel, and was swept around by the strong wind. This is the time when Huang Ma, the grass of Xiongnu pasture, is fertile. Xiongnu rode to attack the border, and smoke flew to Shanxi. Move west towards the general. In the battle, the general's armor stayed around day and night, and the marching spears collided in the middle of the night. The cold wind blew on the face like a knife, and the snow fell on the horse and was steamed by sweat. In a flash, the horse's hair froze into ice. The inkstone and ink for drafting the campaign in the army account have also been frozen, and the enemy cavalry must have been frightened when they heard the news of the military levy. I must wait for the good news at the west gate of Junshi City.

Comments:

Cen Can's frontier fortress is poetic, fresh and elegant, or magnificent. This poem is magnificent.

At first, I tried my best to render the environment bad and the wind and sand covered the sky. And write, Ma Zhuang and other Huns invaded, and General Feng was fearless and ready for battle. Finally, write that the enemy is afraid and hopes to return home in triumph.

Although the poem describes the battle, it mainly describes the cold, suggesting the great achievements of fighting in the snow. The statement is heroic, like the wind, real and moving. The whole poem uses rhyme, three turns, rapid and powerful rhythm, vigorous and unique.

Brief introduction of the author

Cen Can (cénshēn) (7 15—770) was born in Jiangling, Jingzhou (now Jiangling, Hubei). Born in a bureaucratic family, my great-grandfather, great-uncle and uncle are all officials of the prime minister. My father was also a secretary of state twice. But my father died young and my family fortune declined. I accepted my brother's books and read the history of classics since I was a child. At the age of twenty, I went to Chang 'an to present a book for an official position. Later, I went north to Heshuo. At the age of 30, he was promoted to Jinshi, and Cao joined the army. For eight years, Tianbao served as the shogunate secretary of Gao Xianzhi, our ambassador to Anxi, and went to Anxi for ten years, then returned to Chang 'an. In thirteen years, he was appointed as Judge Feng Changqing, our time envoy of Northwest Hospital of An 'an, and went to the frontier again. After the Anshi Rebellion, he stayed in Germany for two years before returning to North Korea. Twice in the frontier for six years. His poem says, "Wan Li served the king with nothing to ask for. I also know that the border is bitter, and I am begging my wife. " ("Judge Yuwen on the first trip to Longshan Road") He also said: "Side by side, assist the curtain and take charge of the frontier. I have been waiting for a long time, so I also wear a short coat. I have been able to walk fast recently, and I am not weak or talkative. " (Dr. Feng Hou in the western suburb of Beiting surrendered and returned to the army.) It can be seen that his two trips to the fortress were quite ambitious. After he returned to Korea, Du Fu and others recommended him to fill the vacancy. Later, he was transferred to other official positions such as Scheeren, and in the first year of Dali, he went to the secretariat of history. After the break, the guests died in Chengdu Guest House.

Cen Can's poems have a wide range of themes. In addition to generally lamenting his life experience and giving answers to his friends, he also wrote many landscape poems before going to the frontier. The poetic style is quite similar to that of Xie Tiao and He Xun, but it is characterized by novel artistic conception. Poems such as "Mountain breeze blows the empty forest, whispering like people" ("Walking in Late Autumn"), "Long wind blows the cogongrass, and wild fire burns the mulberries" ("To the Girder, I will send it to the Lord of Kuangcheng") are all examples of poetic wonders. Du Fu also said that "Cen Can brothers are all curious" ("A trip to the United States"), and the so-called "curiosity" is the hobby of novelty.

Since the frontier fortress, in the new world of Anxi and Beiting, and in the fighting life of pommel horse, his poetic realm has been expanded unprecedentedly, and his love for novelty has been further developed in his creation, and the magnificent romantic color has become the main style of his frontier fortress poems.

In the late Tianbao period, the internal affairs of the Tang empire were extremely corrupt, but in Anxi frontier fortress, the troops were still quite strong. In the 13th year of Tianbao, Cen Can, the poem "Doctors in the Western Suburb of Beiting surrendered to the army after the wind" once described Tang Jun's prestige at that time: "Alakazam has beautiful alfalfa, and horses are fat on the wheel platform. Last month, General Feng attacked the Hu people and went to the Western Heaven. Before the two armies fought, the enemy surrendered on the way home. Camel teams are in an endless stream, and yurts are one after another. The bonfire in Yinshan is extinguished, and the sword water is thin. " This situation remained until the An Shi Rebellion. Cen Can's frontier poems came into being under such circumstances.

Song of Running Horse River Farewell to General Feng of the Western Expedition is one of the outstanding representative works of frontier poems.

Look, how fast the Benma River runs to Xue Hai! And sand, from the desert, yellow flies to heaven. On the night of the ninth month, there was a cold wind blowing in the wheel tower and the valley, and the valley was full of broken boulders like pecking rice, which went down and forward with the wind. Despite the dust, the Tatar horse fat, the west of the Jinshan Mountain, and the gathering of smoke and dust, Oh, general of China's army, start your campaign! . Wear your armor all night and let your soldiers March with rumbling weapons! And the sharp tip of the wind cuts his face like a knife. The sweat of snow evaporates on horseback, freezing the pattern of five-flowered coins, your challenge from the camp, and the ink bottle from the ice. It has cooled the heart of the barbarian leader, and you will no longer need a real battle! We are waiting for the news of victory in Xiguan! .

This poem is about Feng Changqing's Western Expedition. The poet tried his best to render the natural environment of tarquin, where the north wind roared at night, flying sand and stones were flying, and made a strong contrast, "General of China Army, start your campaign!" . The three sentences in "General Shanjia" describe the urgency of military affairs and the strictness of military discipline. It is particularly suggestive to write the night March with the overheard voice of "Ge Xiangbo". Compared with the menacing description of the enemy in front, Tang Jun is so quiet, even more fierce and elite. The words "horse hair with snow" were blocked by the cold, which also showed Tang Jun's fearless spirit. Although there is no battle in the poem, the above description has fully and forcefully indicated the inevitable trend of victory. So the last three sentences wishing victory are the crowning touch. The fast rhythm of three sentences and one rhyme used in this poem also fits well with the rapidly changing military situation.

Song of Wheels Pagoda Farewell to General Feng of the Western Expedition is also about Tang Jun's expedition: "Our flag is calling the general to go west, the horn is sounded in the morning light, and his army has set off. The drums are shaking everywhere, and Yinshan is shaking thousands of people. " This is the beginning of the day, so the writing is different from the previous poem about marching at night. The previous poem is a sprint, not listening to human voices, trying to render nature; However, this poem strongly exaggerates the flute and drum cutting, and the three armies shout loudly, and the prestige of the army can overwhelm nature. Different techniques show Tang Jun's heroic spirit and invincible spirit.

"Bai Xuege Farewell Tian Shuji Wu Going Home" can be said to be the masterpiece of the first two poems:

The north wind swept across the earth and messed up Pennisetum, and the weather in August will be covered with heavy snow. Suddenly, like a night wind blowing, like a pear tree in bloom. It enters the pearl shutter, it wets the silk curtain, a fur coat feels cold, and a cotton pad is thin; The general used cold hands to protect his hands. The armored steel was too cold to wear. The desert freezes over/kloc-0.000 feet, with a crack, and the sky is full of darkness and melancholy. In the manager's account, this wine is a farewell party, and the Huqin Pipa flute ensemble adds luster to this entertainment. In the evening, in front of the headquarters gate, heavy snow fell, the red flag froze, and the wind could not drag. Luntai East Gate, welcome to the capital. Go, the mountain road is covered with snow. I haven't seen you in the winding mountain road, leaving only a row of horseshoe prints.

This poem is about a quiet life under the military curtain. At the beginning, it was written about the wonderful scenery of snow falling in August outside the Great Wall, and unexpectedly used thousands of pear trees as a metaphor, giving people a feeling of endless spring. The following describes the strange cold of the military camp, the background of ice and snow, the complicated strings at the farewell party, the romantic atmosphere in a foreign land everywhere, and the complicated farewell mood of the guests. Finally, I wrote that I rode on the snowy road in Tianshan Mountain, leaving footprints gradually, which was more intertwined with the poet's departure and homesickness. Writing farewell poems so brilliantly and boldly is the essence of Cen Can's romantic optimism.

Cen Can also has many poems describing the strange scenery of the northwest frontier fortress. Such as "Farewell to Volcano Yun Ge", "The volcano is abrupt in Chitingkou, and the volcano is thick with fire clouds in May. The fire clouds are frozen all over the sky, and thousands of birds dare not come. " It seems hot and stressful. "Rehai Xing Hang sends Cui Shi back to Beijing" is more exotic;

I heard Hull in Yinshan: the boiling water in the west seems to be boiling. Many birds at sea dare not fly, and some carp are long and fat. The grass on the shore often does not rest, and the snow in the air flies away with it. Steamed sodium silicate burns clouds, boiling waves burn waves and frying the moon. ……

This is a myth of ethnic minorities, which is exaggerated by "curious" romantic poets and brings us into an incredible novel world.

The description of frontier fortress customs in his poems is also very striking. The living environment of the military camp here is: "the rain blows the felt wall wet, and the wind shakes the curtain" ("The First Autumn Wheel Platform"); The furnishings of luxurious life in the general's shogunate are: "The greenhouse is embroidered with curtains and red stoves, woven into wall clothes." Maid-in-waiting poured a jade pot in front of the lamp, and randomly ordered wild camel cakes in the golden clang ("The Military Song of General Yumenguan Gai"); The scene of the song and dance banquet here is: "Pipa and flute are in harmony, Qiang Hutong sings, plows cattle and cooks wild camels, and makes wine by crossing the river" ("Jiuquan Taishou is drunk at the table"), "People are full of beautiful moths and flowers are light and luxuriant. If the skirt is folded back, the sleeves are snowing, and a whirlwind is born in the left and right extension "("Tian Meiren dances like a lotus flower in the north "). These are all new things in the eyes of Cen Can, who is used to life in the Central Plains. What is more noteworthy is that his poems also reflect the touching scene of people of all ethnic groups interacting with each other and having fun together: "In the army, wine and drums are played at night and banquets are held at noon. General Huamen has a good rest, and King Ye He is a fan who can speak Chinese ("Farewell to Lonely Sentences, Be Strict with Self-discipline"); In September, Tianshan Mountain is like a knife, and hunting horses in the south of the city shrinks. A general wins every battle, and gambling is better than a sable robe "("Zhao Jiangjun Song ").

Cen Can also wrote some homesick poems in the frontier fortress, such as "Letters to Jingshi" for future generations:

It's a long way for my hometown to go east, but I don't want to shed tears with my sleeves. I'll meet you immediately, without paper and pen. Please tell my family that I'm safe.

Things are ordinary, but the feelings are deep. However, his poem "Going to the North Court from Lintao":

I've heard of Luntai Road, and I see snow flying every year. Chunfeng has never been there, and imperial envoys seldom go there. The endless white Pennisetum stretches all the way to Kashgar, and the blue mountain is on the other side of Wuwei. Do your best for the king, dare to talk far away, and only hope to return to your dreams.

It also shows his touching mood of focusing on national affairs.

After the An Shi Rebellion, although he also expressed some sympathy when he was hurt in some poems such as "Two March", it was somewhat inferior to those frontier poems mentioned earlier. His poem "Xishu Hostel sends a message to an old friend in the spring" says: "The four seas are still unsettled, and I am at a loss. Since the outbreak of the war, I feel that the world is very narrow. " This kind of mood can also explain why his romantic pride disappeared and he rarely reflected on the Anshi rebellion.

Cen Can's poems are characterized by heroic spirit of serving the country generously and optimistic spirit of not being afraid of hardship, which is consistent with Gao Shi. The difference is that he describes the richness of frontier life more than the sympathy for foot soldiers in Gao Shi's poems. This is mainly because his background and early experience are different from Gao Shi's.

Cen Can's poems are full of romantic features: magnificent, imaginative, colorful, passionate and unrestrained, and his curious ideological character make his frontier poems present strange artistic charm. His poems have various forms, but he is best at seven-character poems. Sometimes two sentences turn, sometimes three sentences and four sentences turn, constantly rushing and jumping, full of images everywhere. We can also see that he also attaches great importance to learning from folk songs in his famous poems, such as "Night Collection of Judges in Liangzhou Pavilion".

Du Que's Preface to Cenjiazhou's Poems says that his poems are handed down from generation to generation. Although he is a scholar and a savage, he is full of irony. " It can be seen that his poems were widely circulated at that time, not only appealing to both refined and popular tastes, but also deeply loved by people of all ethnic groups. Fan Yin and Du Fu praised his poems before his death. Lu You, a patriotic poet in the Song Dynasty, even said that his poems were "chasing Du Li with a pen" (reading Cenjiazhou's poems at night). Although the evaluation may be a little excessive, Cen's poems are touching, but it is conceivable.

Make an appreciative comment

Cen Can's frontier fortress is poetic, fresh and elegant, or magnificent. This poem is magnificent.

? At first, I tried my best to render the environment bad and the wind and sand covered the sky. Then write that the Huns were invaded by Huang Cao and Ma Zhuang and sealed off.

The general braved the cold and stood ready. Finally, write that the enemy is afraid and hopes to return home in triumph.

? Although the poem describes the battle, it mainly describes the cold, suggesting the great achievements of fighting in the snow. The statement is straightforward, like the wind,

Real and touching. The whole poem uses rhyme, three sentences turn, and the rhythm is urgent, energetic and unique.

Cen Can's poems are characterized by strange meanings and strange words, especially the frontier fortress works, which are full of strange spirits and interests. A song "Farewell to the Snow in the Field-Clerk Wu Going Home" is graceful and graceful, focusing on the beautiful scenery of the frontier fortress, giving people a fresh and elegant feeling; This poem is strange and strong, and the violent sandstorm and heroic characters give people a magnificent feeling. When the poet was appointed as the judge of the Northwest An court, Feng Changqing sent troops to collect immortals, so he wrote this poem to see Feng off.

In order to show the high patriotism of the border guards, the poet tried to exaggerate and exaggerate the harsh environment by means of comparison, so as to highlight the fearless spirit of the characters.

First of all, around the word "wind", describe the natural environment of exploration. The expedition will go through Xue Hai and go deep into the Gobi Desert. "And the sand, coming from the desert, is thriving", which is a typical and unique sandstorm scene. The wind is raging, the yellow sand is flying, the sky is covered, and it is a blur. The first three sentences do not have the word "wind", but they capture the "color" of the wind and vividly write the violence of the wind. This is the scene during the day.

"This September night blows cold in the wheel tower and the valley, and the valley is full of broken boulders like pecking rice, which go down and forward with the wind." Writing the wind changed from darkness to light, from day to night, and the "color" of the wind disappeared, so I turned to writing the wind. The wind is like a crazy beast, growling and growling. The word "roar" vividly shows the fierceness and strength of the wind. Then write stone and wind. The bucket of stones was actually swept all over the floor by the wind, and then the word "chaos" was written, which shows the fury of the wind. In a few words, write the phrase "flat sand is boundless" in the sky, and write the phrase "stones wander around" in the ground, so as to outline the sinister environment vividly.

It says that the Huns took advantage of grass and yellow horse fertilizer to launch an attack. Words such as "West of Jinshan, smoke gathers" and "Smoke flies" describe the warning beacon smoke flying with the dust rolled up by Xiongnu fighters, which not only shows the momentum of Xiongnu troops, but also shows that Tang Jun has long been prepared. Next, the poem changed from creating environment to writing people, and the hero in the poem-Tang Junbing who marched against the wind and braved the cold appeared. The poet is very good at grasping the typical environment and details to describe the heroic and invincible heroism of Tang Junbing. If the environment is night, "don't take off your armor all night", take off your armor at night, and write that the general shoulders heavy responsibilities and sets an example. "Let your soldiers advance with rumbling weapons!" It says marching in the middle of the night. From the details of Ge Xiangbo, we can imagine that the night was deep, the army was scurrying and the military was well dressed. Writing about the cold in the frontier is not a few hard ice in thousands of feet, but a few details. "and the sharp wind tip cuts the face like a knife" echoes the description of the front wind; It is also the truest feeling of marching in the desert.

It costs five dollars to sweat on horseback. "。 "The horse galloped in the cold wind, and the transpiration sweat immediately condensed into ice on the horse hair. The poet seized the condensed, melted and condensed sweat on the horse and made a detailed description, which fully rendered the cold weather, the hardship of the environment and the tense atmosphere of war. " Your challenge comes from the camp, from the ice of an ink bottle. "When drafting the military curtain of a campaign, I found that even the inkstone water was frozen. The poet skillfully grasped this detail, and his pen and ink vividly showed the soldiers' fighting pride against the snow. Who can match such an army? This leads to the last three sentences, expecting that the enemy will be frightened, hoping to return home in triumph, and the writing will come naturally.

The whole poem is heroic and passionate. Because the poet has personal experience of frontier life, this poem can be "strange and reasonable", "strange and true" and true and moving.

The whole poem uses rhyme, three turns, dense rhyme positions, frequent rhyme changes, rapid and powerful rhythm, flexible rhyme feet and rich tone, just like a March in music.