Practice of meteorological test questions

Chapter 1 1. What is the research object of agrometeorology?

It is a subject that studies the relationship and interaction between meteorological conditions and agricultural production.

2. How many layers can the atmosphere be divided into vertically? What are the main features of the troposphere?

Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, warm layer and escape layer;

3. Noun explanation

Purify the atmosphere; Meteorological element xx

I. Explanation of Nouns

1. radiation 2. Radiation flux density 3. Kirchhoff's law

4. Black body/gray body 5. Stephen Boltzmann's Law 6. wien displacement law

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1. The wavelength ranges of long-wave radiation and short-wave radiation are 3- 120 and 0. 15-4 respectively. 99% of solar radiation is short-wave radiation.

2. Photosynthetically effective radiation (PAR) accounts for about 50% of the total solar radiation, and the wavelength range of PAR is 0.38-0.7 1, in which the strongest and second strongest wavelengths of photosynthesis are 0.6-0.7 and 0.4-0.5 respectively.

Third, the judge.

1. At the same energy, the longer the wavelength, the more optical quantum it actually contains. ( ? )

2. Objects with high reflectivity for long-wave radiation have high emissivity for short-wave radiation. (10)

Chapter II Radiation. Explanation of terms: 30 points.

1, solar constant, atmospheric mass number, solar altitude angle

2. Earth radiation, direct solar radiation and scattered radiation

Second, the calculation question: 40 points

1, if 0.48? As the emission peak of solar blackbody radiation, what is the radiation flux density emitted by the sun in W/m2? If you put 0.72? M is the average wavelength of solar blackbody radiation. What is the quantum flux density of light emitted by the sun, ei/(m2 s)?

? Solution: by? Max=2897/T: T=2897/？ Maximum value =2897/0.48=6035.42(K)

?

?

?

? 4= 1 ? 5.67? 10-8 ? 6035.424=7.52 ? 107 (W/m2) is known? Solution: the energy carried by a light quantum e=hc/? =6.63 ? 10

10? 6? 34 ? 3 ? 10/(0.72 ? 8)=2.76 ? 10? 19(J)

23?

?

An Einstein value Ei=NAe=6.02? 10 ? 2.76 ? 10? 19= 1.66 ? 105(J) optical quantum flux density =E/Ei=(7.52? 107)/( 1.66 ? 105)=4.53 ? 102 (Ei/(m2。 s))= 4.53？ 108 ( ? Ei/(m2。 s))

2. The temperature of the object is 20℃ and the emissivity is 0.93. At the same time, the object is irradiated with atmospheric long wave with radiation flux density of 320w/m2. When measuring the temperature of this object with infrared thermometer, its emissivity is mistaken as 1.0. What is the temperature of this object measured by infrared thermometer? Is it lower or higher than the actual temperature?

? Solution: The radiation flux density actually emitted by an object.

? E real = T4 =0.93? 5.67? 10? 8 ? (273+20)=388.6 (Watt/m2) 4

? Atmospheric long-wave radiation flux density reflected by an object to its surface

? E anti = rE =( 1-0.93)？ 320=22.4 (Watt/m2)

? Measurement of radiation flux density with infrared thermometer

? E measured value = E real number +E reciprocal =4 1 1 (W/m2)

? With e =? Testing? T test 4 = 5.67? 10-8 ? T4=4 1 1 (Watt/m2)

? t = 29 1.8(k)= 29 1.8-273 = 18.8(℃)。

T = T-T = 18.8-20 =- 1.2(℃)

? Answer: The object temperature measured by infrared thermometer is 18.8℃, which is lower than the actual object temperature 1.2℃.

?

Third, short answer questions: 30 points

1. What are the methods to improve the light energy utilization rate of field crops? How to improve the utilization rate of light energy of field crops? )

Make full use of the growing season; Cultivate high photosynthetic efficiency crop varieties; Adopt reasonable cultivation techniques and measures; Improve the illumination and efficiency of leaves; Strengthen field management and improve the ecological environment of crop groups;

Chapter III Temperature I. Explanation of Terms:

Adiabatic Change Dry Adiabatic Change Wet Adiabatic Change Temperature Daily Range Temperature annual range Temperature Direct Decline Rate Inverse Temperature Atmospheric Stability Thermal Capacity Thermal Conductivity Agricultural Boundary Temperature Active Accumulated Temperature Effective Accumulated Temperature

Second, fill in the blanks;

1, the atmosphere weakens solar radiation in the following ways: (absorption), (reflection), (scattering),

2. When? =? D, the atmosphere is a (neutral) air mass doing dry adiabatic ascending motion; The atmosphere is unstable for an air mass with wet insulation moving up and down.

3. When? =? M, the atmosphere is (neutral) to the air mass moving up and down with wet insulation; The atmosphere is stable for an air mass doing dry adiabatic ascending motion.

4. when (? 〉? D) When the gas layer is absolutely unstable; When (? M÷? 〈? D) The gas layer is conditionally unstable.

5. The adiabatic change of dry air or unsaturated moisture mass is called (dry adiabatic change); The change rate of its temperature with height is called (dry adiabatic direct reduction rate): commonly used (? D) indicates that its value is (1? C/ 100 m).

6. The adiabatic change of saturated moisture mass is called (wet adiabatic change); The change rate of its temperature with height is called (wet adiabatic direct reduction rate). M) means that its average value is (0.5? C/ 100 m).

7. The factors affecting the daily temperature range are (latitude), (season), (topography), (underlying surface properties) and (weather conditions).

8. In a day, the maximum solar radiation appears around (12), and the maximum temperature appears around (14).

9. The vertical distribution types of soil temperature are (solar radiation type), (radiation type) and (transitional type).

10. The three base point temperatures of plants are: (minimum temperature), (optimum temperature) and (maximum temperature).

?

Third, multiple-choice questions: (At least two of the following options must be selected)

1, and the vertical distribution type of soil temperature is (b )(c )(d) ().

A, absorption type B, solar type C, radiation type D, transition type

2. The limit temperature values commonly used in agriculture are (a), (b), (c) and (d).

a、0℃； b、 15℃； c 10℃； d、5℃；

3. Five-base-point temperature indicators include (a), (b) and (d).

A, the optimum temperature; B, the lowest temperature; C, the highest lethal temperature; D, maximum temperature;

Fourth, correct the mistakes (please correct the following mistakes)

1、? D stands for the rate of change of temperature with altitude in the actual atmosphere?

2. In the northern hemisphere, the monthly average maximum temperature in inland areas appears in August, and the monthly average minimum temperature appears in February. Haiyangshang

3. In the northern hemisphere, the monthly average maximum temperature on the ocean appears in July, and the monthly average minimum temperature appears in 65438+ 10. inland area

4. The difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature in a year is called temperature annual range. Maximum monthly average temperature, minimum monthly average temperature

5. On sunny days, the highest temperature of soil surface appears at 12 and 13.

Verb (the abbreviation of verb) is true or false: (correct? , wrong? )

1、? Represents the rate of change of temperature with altitude in the actual atmosphere.

2、? M, is it? D refers to the adiabatic change rate of the temperature of the air mass itself during the rising and falling of the saturated air mass, the dry air mass or the unsaturated air mass. ?

3. The temperature annual range decreases with the increase of latitude. ?

4. The temperature annual range increases with the increase of latitude. ?

5. The daily temperature difference in sunny days is greater than that in cloudy days. ?

6. Atmospheric circulation is one of the factors affecting the daily temperature range. ? annual range

7. The continuous date above 0℃ is agricultural time. ? The period when the daily average temperature is stable above 0℃ and lasts above 8℃ and 5℃ is called growth period or growth period. ?

Sixth, short answer questions:

What is this? 、? D, is it? m？ What's the difference between them?

? Represents the rate of change of temperature with altitude in the actual atmosphere. M, is it? D refers to the adiabatic temperature change rate of the air mass itself during the rising of saturated air mass, dry air mass or unsaturated air mass.

2. What is the vertical distribution type of soil temperature?

3. Briefly describe the application of reverse order in agriculture.

Fruit trees are highly grafted, keep warm at night and apply pesticides in the morning.

4. Thermostatic layer

A gas layer with zero vertical decline rate of air temperature

Seven, calculation questions:

1 day average temperature and five-day average temperature in a certain place are10.5℃ respectively; 1 1.7℃; 9.5℃; 10.0℃; 12.0℃. Five-day area? What is the active accumulated temperature of 10.0℃?

2. The average daily temperature in a certain place for five days is:10.5℃; 1 1.7℃; 9.5℃; 10.0℃; 12℃. What is the effective accumulated temperature of this place for five days > 10.0℃?

Y=？ t

Me? 1ni = 10.5+ 1 1.7+ 12 =

3. For a certain crop, the lower limit of growth temperature is 0.0℃, and it takes 600℃ from emergence to flowering. D Accumulated temperature, such as 15℃, how many days does it take from emergence to flowering?

A=？ (t

Me? 1ni？ b)

4. For a certain crop, the lower limit of growth temperature is 0.0℃, and it takes 600℃ from emergence to flowering? D When the accumulated temperature is 20℃ for example, how many days does it take from emergence to flowering? D=A

Eight, essay questions:

1, what is the accumulated temperature? What is the cumulative agricultural temperature? What role does it play in agricultural production? What is the main reason why the accumulated temperature stability is not ideal in application?

The sum of the daily average temperature in a certain period of time is called accumulated temperature.

Active accumulated temperature, effective accumulated temperature, geothermal accumulated temperature, negative accumulated temperature, net effective accumulated temperature and dangerous accumulated temperature.

Accumulated temperature is one of the important indexes of crop and variety characteristics; One of the important bases for predicting crop phenology, harvest period and occurrence period of pests and diseases; As one of the important bases for thematic analysis and zoning of agro-climate; Negative accumulated temperature can indicate the temperature conditions of crops overwintering.

The external environmental conditions affecting crop growth are not only meteorological factors, but also other factors; Accumulated temperature theory is a theory that temperature plays a leading role in crop growth and development when other factors are basically met. The relationship between development speed and temperature is not linear.

Chapter IV Moisture I. Explanation of Nouns

Water vapor pressure saturation water vapor pressure relative humidity saturation deficit dew point temperature plant transpiration farmland evapotranspiration potential precipitation intensity water use efficiency

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1. The expression methods of air humidity are: (water vapor pressure), (relative humidity), (saturation deficit) and (dew point temperature).

2. There are two types of diurnal variation of water vapor pressure: (single waveform or ocean type) and (double waveform or continental type).

Generally speaking, the annual variation of relative humidity is the smallest in summer and the largest in winter, but it is the opposite in most parts of China.

4. The conditions of water vapor condensation are: (saturated or supersaturated water vapor) and (existence of condensation nuclei).

5. The conditions for the existence and development of clouds are air (supersaturation of water vapor), (supplement and transportation of condensation nuclei and water vapor) and (vertical upward movement of air).

6. Cloud droplet growth is mainly accomplished through two processes: (condensation growth) and (collision growth).

7. According to the height of the cloud base from the ground, clouds can be divided into three groups: (low clouds), (medium clouds) and (high clouds).

8. The unit of precipitation is (mm), and the unit of precipitation intensity is (mm/day (hour)).

Third, multiple-choice questions: (At least two of the following options must be selected)

1. In the following ways, (A )(B and (b) can supersaturate the water vapor in the air.

A, increase the water vapor content in the atmosphere; B. cooling down; C. reducing the water vapor content; D, sprinkling dry ice;

2. The main ways to cool the atmosphere are (a), (b), (c) and (d).

A, adiabatic cooling; B, radiation cooling; C, advection cooling; D, mixing and cooling.

3. The conditions conducive to the formation of radiation fog are (a), (b), (c) and (d).

A. There is enough water vapor in the air; B, the weather is fine; C. Breeze (1~ 3m/s); D, atmospheric stratification is stable;

The following statement about fog is true: (A )(B) () ().

A, the fog in the city is more than that in the countryside; B, mixed fog is formed by mixing cold, warm and humid air; C, the formation of fog does not need condensation nuclei; D, fog is formed, and the relative humidity is more than100%;

5. Hail is formed in the following clouds (A )(C) () ().

A, cumulus clouds; B, stratocumulus; C. Cumulonimbus clouds; Rain frog;

Fourth, correct the wrong questions (please correct the following mistakes)

1, and the water vapor mass contained in the air per unit volume is called relative humidity. absolute humidity

2. In the unsaturated state, the water vapor pressure is less than 0 and the relative humidity is greater than 100%. Greater than, less than

3. When the water vapor pressure is constant, the higher the temperature, the smaller the saturation loss, and vice versa; Big, small

4. The higher the temperature, the greater the saturated vapor pressure of air; It is also related to the shape and properties of evaporation surface.

5. Diurnal variation of single-peak water vapor pressure often occurs in inland areas in summer; ocean

e？ e

6. The bigger the saturation deficit, the faster the water surface evaporates; W = Kp at constant air pressure.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) short answer questions

1. What are the factors that affect water surface evaporation?

e？ e

Evaporation surface temperature, evaporation surface properties, air pressure, wind speed, saturation loss W=Kp.

2. Where and in what season does the diurnal variation of bimodal water vapor pressure occur? What is the reason?

In warm inland seasons and desert areas and in turbulent seasons,

3. What are the ways and means in nature to supersaturate the water vapor in the air?

Increase the water vapor content and reduce the temperature.

4. What is precipitation? How is precipitation formed?

The liquid or solid water vapor condensate falling from the cloud to the ground is called precipitation.

5. How are dew and frost formed, and what is the impact on agricultural production?

When the surface of the ground or ground object is cooled by radiation, so that the temperature of the air layer near the ground drops below the dew point temperature, if the dew point is above 0 degrees, it will condense into water droplets as dew, and below 0 degrees, the water vapor will condense into ice crystals with white transport structure as frost/... and diffuse in the air, making visibility.

Chapter V Air Pressure and Wind Force I. Explanation of terms:

Pressure field, isobar, isobar, geostrophic wind, gradient wind, atmospheric activity center, sea-land wind, valley wind, foehn wind.

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1. The daily variation of surface pressure is (single peak type), (double peak type) and (three peak type).

2. There are two ways to express the pressure field: (contour map) and (isobar map).

3. The annual variation patterns of atmospheric pressure can be summarized into the following three types: (continental type), (oceanic type) and (alpine type);

4. Common local winds are (land-sea wind) (valley wind) (foehn wind) and (canyon wind).

5. In the air pressure field where the isobar of the friction layer is a straight line, the forces acting on the moving air are (horizontal pressure gradient force) (Coriolis force) and friction, and the wind direction (oblique) isobar at this time.

6. When air moves in a straight line in the free atmosphere, it will be acted by (horizontal pressure gradient force) and (Coriolis force), and the wind direction is (parallel) isobar.

7. The horizontal pressure gradient force is the (motive force) that produces wind, and its expression is (G=? 1? P. ordinary

8, in the air movement, the role of geostrophic deflection force is (only change the direction of air movement, don't change the speed), its expression is (A=2v? Sin? )。

Third, correct the wrong questions (please correct the following mistakes)

1, the air pressure increases rapidly with the elevation. Exponential law decreasing

2. The high pressure consists of a closed isobar, and the pressure value gradually increases from the center to the outside. (decrease)

3. Friction wind only forms in the friction layer of the earth. Considering the influence of friction, the wind acting on the air block when the forces are balanced is called friction wind. It is closer to the actual wind in the friction layer. )

4, gradient wind does not follow the law of wind pressure. (follow)

5. Land-sea breeze and mountain-valley breeze are both thermal circulation; (? )

6. The horizontal deflection force is generated only when the air moves relative to the ground; (? )

7. Three-circle circulation is a circulation circle formed only by solar radiation; (Considering the average meridional circulation formed under the influence of solar radiation and the earth's rotation)

8. Horizontal pressure gradient force is the driving force of wind formation; (? )

Fourth, multiple-choice questions: (At least two of the following options must be selected)

1, horizontal pressure gradient force (A )(B) () ()

A, it is the direct power of air to produce movement;

B, its direction from high pressure to low pressure;

C, its expression is A=2V? Sin? ; (This is Coriolis force)

d、A=-2V？ Sin? ;

2. Horizontal eccentric force (A )( C) () ()

A, its direction is perpendicular to the direction of air movement;

B, can change the speed of air movement;

C, only change the direction of air movement;

D, whose size is proportional to latitude.

3. The force that forms the geostrophic wind is (A B)

A, horizontal pressure gradient force; Horizontal eccentric force; C, friction d, inertial centrifugal force;

? 4. The forces that form the friction wind are (a), (b), (c) and ().

A, horizontal pressure gradient force; Horizontal eccentric force; C, friction d, inertial centrifugal force;

? 5. There are (a), (c) and () reasons for the formation of three-circle cycle.

First, the distribution difference of solar radiation on the earth's surface; B, the temperature difference between land and sea; C, the earth rotates; D, seasonal movement of planetary wind system;

? 6, three cycles (A )(C )(D) ()

A is the circulation formed by the influence of solar radiation and the earth's rotation; B, considering the unevenness of the surface;

C. the theory is basically correct; D is an ideal model of atmospheric circulation.

? 7. The following descriptions of land-sea breeze are correct: (a), (c), (d) and ().

A, blowing sea breeze during the day; B, the high altitude at night is the land wind; C, taking days as the cycle; D, it is formed due to the existence of thermal differences between land and sea;

? 8. The mountain-valley wind is a local circulation, and the following description is correct (B )(C )(D c) and (d).

A, a wide range of horizontal pressure field is weak; B, the formation of temperature difference in mountainous areas; C, taking days as the cycle; D, it is the main reason of rime mountain;

? 9. The contents of the wind pressure law in the northern hemisphere are (a), (c) and (d).

First, stand in the lee; B, high pressure on the left; Left low pressure; D, right high pressure

? 10, three-cycle (A )( C) () ()

First, it is an ideal model of atmospheric circulation; B, the actual atmospheric circulation model;

C, a circulation formed only by solar radiation and the earth's rotation;

D, it is a circulation formed only by solar radiation.

Verb (the abbreviation of verb) is true or false: (correct? , wrong? )

1, the denser the isobar, the greater the pressure gradient?

2. Uneven air pressure distribution on the horizontal plane will produce horizontal air pressure gradient force. ?

3. The horizontal geostrophic deflection of the air on the equator is small, while the horizontal geostrophic deflection of the air on the polar regions is large. ? The Coriolis force at the equator is zero.

4. Isobaric surface consists of points with equal air pressure in space. ?

5. In the actual atmosphere, the isobaric surface is a horizontal plane parallel to the ground. ? Isobaric surface is not a plane, but a surface as undulating as the terrain.

6. Isobaric line refers to the connecting line of all points with equal air pressure on the same horizontal plane. ?

7. Gradient wind also follows the law of wind pressure. ?

The wind above 8.6 will do harm to crops. ?

Six, short answer questions

1, draw a picture to explain the formation of geostrophic wind.

2. Draw a picture to explain the formation of gradient wind.

3. What is the land-sea wind? Briefly describe its formation process and reasons.

4. How is the mountain valley wind formed? What is the impact on the climate and weather in mountainous areas?

5. Draw a schematic diagram of the three-circle circulation in the northern hemisphere, and mark the wind area and pressure area.

Chapter VI Weather and Severe Weather I. Explanation of Terms:

Air mass, warm front, cold front, quasi-static front, blocking front, cyclone, anticyclone, cold wave, frost, typhoon and weather system.

Second, fill in the blanks:

1. According to the thermodynamic classification, air masses can be divided into (cold air masses) and (warm air masses);

2. The necessary conditions for air mass formation are: 1. (There must be an underlying surface with a wide range and relatively uniform surface properties) 2. There must be a circulation field that can homogenize the physical properties of air in the horizontal direction.

3. Fronts can be divided into (cold front), (warm front), (quasi-static front) and (occluded front) according to their movement.

4. According to the internal thermal structure of cyclone, it can be divided into (frontal) cyclone and (non-frontal) cyclone;

5. According to the source of air masses, air masses can be divided into four categories: glacial air masses, (extremely low air masses) (tropical air masses) and (equatorial air masses).

6. The most common weather system in temperate zone is frontal cyclone, and the most important weather system in tropical zone is tropical cyclone.

Third, multiple-choice questions: (At least two of the following options must be selected)

1. The necessary conditions for hail formation are (A )(B) () ().

A, sufficient water vapor supply; B, very strong air convection; C, the temperature drops sharply; D, uniform underlying surface.

2. Cold wave (A)( C)(D) ().

A is a weather process in which the temperature drops due to strong cold air activity; B, cooling over 65438+/-00℃ within 48 hours; C, accompanied by strong winds of magnitude 5 or above; D, it will produce all kinds of disastrous weather.

3. The main air masses affecting China are (a), (b), (c) and (d).

A. Denatured polar continental air mass (Denatured Siberian air mass); B, tropical marine air mass;

C, tropical continental air mass; D, equatorial air mass.

4. After the cold wave: (ABCD)

A, the 48-hour cooling range north of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River exceeds10℃; B, the air pressure rises quickly; C, often northerly winds; D disasters such as frost, cold, wind and sandstorm;

5. Warm front refers to (a), (b), (c) and (c).

A. The warm air mass pushes the front surface to move to one side of the cold air mass; B, the precipitation area appears in front of the front line; C. the rainfall lasts for a long time; D. After the front line crosses the border, the temperature decreases and the air pressure increases.

6. Cold front refers to (A )(B )(C) (). Generally refers to the cold front.

A. The cold air mass pushes the front surface to move to one side of the warm air mass; B, the precipitation area appears at the back of the front line;

C, continuous precipitation; D. After the front line crosses the border, the temperature rises and the air pressure drops.

7. Frontal cyclone.

A, it is the most common cyclone in temperate regions; B, moving from west to east in the prevailing westerly belt;

C, when the cyclone front passes, the air pressure often increases and the temperature decreases;

After the hurricane, more north winds blew.

4. true or false: (correct? , wrong? )

Frost is a frequent low temperature disaster in summer, which can prolong the growth period of crops. ?

2. Advection frost is also called wind frost. ?

3. Warm fronts are relatively rare in China, generally appearing in the Jianghuai Basin and Northeast China in spring and autumn, and mostly appearing in the Yellow River Basin in summer. ?

Cold front is one of the most important and common weather systems that affect the weather in China. ?

5. Tropical cyclone is the most important weather system in tropical areas. ?

Verb (abbreviation of verb) short answer questions

1, what is an air mass? What conditions need to be met for its formation? How is the air mass denatured?

A large area of air with uniform physical properties in horizontal direction and uniform changes in vertical direction; The underlying surface with relatively uniform properties and suitable circulation conditions; After the formation of the air mass, due to the change of atmospheric circulation, it left the source area and moved to another area, and was affected by the new underlying surface, which made the physical properties of the air mass change accordingly.

2. What is cold injury? According to the symptoms of the victim and the characteristics of the injury, what kinds are there? How to defend?

In the growing season of crops, the harm of low temperature above zero to crops is called chilling injury; Delayed chilling injury, obstacle chilling injury and mixed chilling injury; ① Adjust varieties and sowing dates according to climate laws; ② Selecting cold-resistant and high-yield varieties; ③ Sow in time to cultivate strong seedlings; ④ Applying organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer can promote early development; ⑤ Take emergency measures of water temperature regulation to prevent rice chilling injury, that is, put shallow field water, apply hot fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and apply micro-fertilizer.

3. The concept, classification and defense of frost

During the growing period of crops, the temperature of soil and plant surface drops to a short-term low-temperature freezing injury that can cause plant injury or death; Advection frost, radiation frost and advection radiation frost; Manual: smoking method, irrigation method, covering method, direct heating method and blast method; Agricultural technology: According to the law of frost occurrence and the characteristics of crop growth and development, rationally allocate the proportion of various crops, and select the suitable sowing date and field transplanting date of crops.

4. Briefly describe the influence of subtropical high on China.

The southerly airflow to the west of subtropical high is a natural way to transport warm and humid water vapor from the Pacific Ocean to the east of Chinese mainland. Conveyor belt? ; The intensity and location of subtropical high directly affect the distribution of summer rain belts in China. Abnormal subtropical high is the chief culprit of large-scale drought and flood disasters in China.

5. What is a cold wave? What is the path of cold wave invading China?

Cold wave is a large-scale severe cooling weather process caused by strong cold air activity in winter half a year; East Road: From key areas to Inner Mongolia and Northeast China, the main force continues to move eastward, and its lower part can sometimes reach the two lakes basin through North China and Bohai Sea. Middle Road: through Mongolia to China Hetao area, directly to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Jiangnan area, and West Road: through Xinjiang, Qinghai and the east side of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

6. What is monsoon circulation? How are the monsoons in southern and eastern Asia formed? What are the characteristics of monsoon climate in China?

In a large area, the prevailing wind directions in winter and summer are almost opposite, and the nature of the dominant airflow is also very different, which is called monsoon circulation; East Asian monsoon: the difference of thermal properties between land and sea, South Asian monsoon: the seasonal movement of planetary wind belts; East Asian monsoon in China: winter is cold, sunny and dry, summer is hot, humid and rainy, and winter wind is stronger than summer monsoon; South Asian monsoon: June-March has mild climate, less precipitation and dry season; April-May is a very hot season with little precipitation and high temperature. Southwest winds prevail from June to June, with abundant rainfall and rainy season.