Knowledge of earthquake disaster prevention

The losses caused by earthquakes are much greater than those caused by fires and floods, which often paralyze the whole city. A big earthquake can turn the whole city into ruins in an instant. Therefore, in the event of a strong earthquake, it is difficult to get immediate rescue. The casualties in the earthquake were mainly caused by fires and house collapses caused by the earthquake.

Earthquake prevention

The most effective way to avoid earthquake disasters is to rely on yourself and prepare for disaster prevention with your own strength. The average family has food and drinking water, and it is better to keep an average of 5 days for each person. In addition, prepare some disaster prevention supplies, such as disaster prevention headscarves, flashlights, first-aid medicines, candles, transistor radios, etc. And some escape appliances, such as blankets, portable cookers, solid fuels, etc.

Because houses are not plentiful, people always make the best use of space (such as sheds, shelves, shelves). However, due to the vibration of the earthquake, the heavy objects placed on the shelf are easy to fall off. So usually think more about the placement of things.

It is difficult for people to adapt to the darkness, not only invisible, but also increasing psychological pressure. It is not surprising that the earthquake caused power failure. Even in your own room, it is difficult to tell the difference between east and west, north and south in the dark, so you won't have much fear when you carry a flashlight with you.

After the earthquake, the TV was cut off, the telephone was blocked, the newspaper stopped publishing, and the information source was completely cut off. At this time, only small radios can get a steady stream of important information in order to better cope with the changing situation.

After the earthquake subsided, the first thing that puzzled me was drinking water. On this occasion, it is common for waterways to be cut off from water. There are few wells in the city, so we should prepare some emergency drinking water before going to bed every night without knowing when the earthquake will happen.

Considering the chaos after the earthquake, it is necessary to prepare three months' cash expenditure. Because after the earthquake, banks, post offices and other places often can not get money.

People always like to hide first-aid appliances in a corner or an inconspicuous place. However, these things are indispensable in the earthquake. Therefore, they are usually kept in a fixed and easily accessible place.

During the earthquake, wearing high heels is harmful to asylum, but not beneficial. Wear or store fast and durable flat-heeled cotton shoes or sports shoes at ordinary times. Slippers and sandals are not suitable, and high heels are absolutely not acceptable.

How to escape?

The earthquake came suddenly and caught people off guard. When the earthquake starts, if you are in the house, don't try to rush out of the house, which will probably kill you. The expedient is to hide under a solid bed or table. If you don't have solid furniture, you should stand at the door. The door frame has some protection. Stay away from the window, because the window glass may break.

If you are outdoors, don't go near buildings, trees, telephone poles or any other tall buildings that may collapse. Try to stay away from tall buildings and run to empty places. In order to avoid losing your balance in the earthquake, you should lie on the ground. If there is no open space nearby, shelter from the rain at the door for the time being.

Don't hide in underground caves, tunnels or tunnels, because the rubble generated by the earthquake will fill or block the exit. Unless they are very strong, things like tunnels will collapse themselves.

In an earthquake, the wooden house tends to tilt, and the door won't open, so you will lose your life. Therefore, whether you can go out or not, it is wise to open the door first.

In the event of a big earthquake, things and books on the shelves may fall off. At this time, protecting the head is extremely important. In case of emergency, you can cover your head with cotton pads, blankets, pillows and other things around you to avoid injury.

Even if there is an earthquake in midsummer, it is indecent to escape from the room naked. The naked body is easily hurt by sparks, glass and metal fragments flying around. Therefore, when going out for refuge, you should try to wear thick cotton-padded clothes and cotton shoes and socks to avoid wearing chemical fiber products that are easy to catch fire. If you encounter an earthquake in the hospital, getting under the bed is the best strategy. This can prevent objects from falling from the skylight or overhead and being injured. Don't run on the road when there is an earthquake. At this time, there are flying signs, doors and windows everywhere. So it's best to wear a helmet or something in a dangerous situation at this time.

During an earthquake, the bridge will also collapse and fall into the river. It is very dangerous to stop on the bridge or hide under it at this time. Therefore, if you encounter an earthquake on the bridge, you should leave the bridge quickly.

Sometimes there will be a big earthquake under the sea, and then there will be a tsunami. The waves will rise sharply, and ships near the shore are very dangerous. At this time, it is best to leave the beach quickly and stay away from the high seas, which is safe.

When there is an earthquake in a public place, people inside will be crowded with panic. This is because frightened people can't find an escape. What is needed at this time is to be calm, calm down and find the exit, and don't run around.

Prevent secondary disasters

Attention should be paid to prevent earthquake secondary disasters. The so-called earthquake secondary disasters mainly refer to floods, fires and the spread of toxic gases caused by earthquakes. Many experiences show that the losses caused by secondary disasters are often much greater than the earthquake itself. How to prevent secondary hazards?

Closely monitor inflammable, explosive and explosive drugs in industrial and mining enterprises. In case of earthquake, once explosive drugs or combustible gas spill, rescue should be organized immediately.

Used in large reservoirs, dams, etc. , to do a good job of earthquake inspection in advance, found that the problem timely reinforcement. When an earthquake occurs, residents downstream of the reservoir should pay close attention to the safety of the dam. In case of danger, in addition to organizing rescue, they should also move to a safe place quickly.

There is a big earthquake in mountainous areas, and rivers may be blocked by landslides. In this case, we should immediately organize personnel to dredge it to avoid flooding.

After receiving the earthquake prediction, evacuate in an orderly manner and leave the house as soon as possible. When evacuating people, avoid tall buildings, chimneys, high doors, parapets and high walls. Don't stay in the narrow alley. Avoid high-voltage lines and transformers to prevent electric poles or wires from breaking and getting an electric shock.

In mountainous areas, you should stay away from steep cliffs to avoid being injured in landslides and landslides. You should also leave large canals and river banks, which are prone to large-scale ground landslides or collapses.

Don't forget to put out the fire when you escape.

The number of deaths caused by fires caused by earthquakes has increased to more than 10 times. Compared with the earthquake itself, the fire after the earthquake is more terrible. Therefore, once slight vibration is found, the liquefied gas switch should be turned off first to eliminate the fire source. But experience tells us that when a big earthquake happens, people often have no time and can't take care of the fire source.

Nevertheless, if possible, try to turn off the main gas switch when avoiding. Due to strong vibration, the gas pipe may fall off. So we have to consider the damage of other indoor pipes.

Working in a factory is very dangerous if there is an earthquake. Before rushing out of the workplace to take refuge, you must cut off the power supply, eliminate the fire source and stop the machine. Otherwise, the running machine together with the staff will become the victims of the fire.

When the fire caused by the earthquake gets bigger, it may form a vortex in the air and the wind direction will be ever-changing. But the fire source is always fixed. It is wisest to run against the wind after seeing the fire source clearly and knowing the burning direction of the fire. In addition, when going out after the earthquake, don't go near unstable buildings, because buildings may collapse at any time after being shaken by the earthquake.

Prevention of earthquake fire

Strengthen the management of inflammable and explosive materials. Factories and warehouses that produce, use and store inflammable and explosive articles should keep a safe distance from residential areas. In order to prevent fire in an earthquake, all inflammable and explosive articles with conflicting properties should be stored separately. Flammable and explosive articles placed on shelves should be fixed with containers and shelves to prevent them from toppling in case of earthquake. Flammable articles that will catch fire in case of vibration, impact and friction should be treated separately, placed in stable containers, surrounded by sand and placed in safe places.

For storage tanks storing a large amount of flammable liquids, reinforcement measures should be taken to prevent dumping, cracking and tilting. Above-ground oil tanks should not be located too high or near the river bank, and dikes should be built near the oil tanks to prevent large-scale fires caused by oil spills after the oil tanks are cracked. Maintenance of gas stations, liquefied petroleum gas stations and filling stations should be strengthened, and reinforcement and sealing measures should be taken in time when water leakage, air leakage and unstable support are found.

After receiving the earthquake prediction, the flammable gas cylinders should be transported to a safe place in time, and those that are too late to be transported should be put down and earthquake-proof measures should be taken.

Strengthen the control of fire source

Get into the habit at ordinary times and don't store flammable items near the stove. For the family stove in the bank at night, it is best to sit in a pot of water. After receiving the earthquake prediction, put out the fire as soon as possible. If gas or liquefied petroleum gas cookers are used, the valve should be closed immediately. Where there are special requirements, the production furnaces that can't stop fire during the earthquake should have anti-seismic measures to ensure that they don't catch fire during the earthquake.

The earthquake-proof shed should pay special attention to fire prevention. Don't smoke, don't throw cigarette butts casually. Try not to use oil lamps or candles for lighting. If necessary, put them in a basin or bucket filled with sand.

Strengthen the maintenance of electrical equipment.

The pole foundation should be firm and tamped, the stay wire should be buried deeply, and the pole should be inverted during strict earthquake resistance. Do not build a shockproof shed under high-voltage lines and transformers, and do not pile up flammable items. It is best not to put a large oil-immersed transformer on the column. Oil-immersed transformers located indoors shall be equipped with emergency oil pools. In case the transformer is damaged in the earthquake, the spilled oil should be safely discharged into the oil pool to avoid burning everywhere and causing serious consequences. When receiving the earthquake prediction, cut off the switching power supply of electrical appliances in time, especially the electric stove, electric iron, electric soldering iron and other electric heating tools must be unplugged in time, and never leave in a hurry. Where the power supply cannot be cut off during the earthquake, ensure that there is no fire during the earthquake.

Do a good job in fire fighting preparations, formulate feasible fire fighting plans according to specific conditions, and prepare as many fire fighting tools as possible, such as water tanks, buckets, shovels, sand, etc. And pay attention to the protection and utilization of natural water sources (such as wells, ponds, lakes, springs and rivers). In case the artificial water source is damaged during the earthquake, these simple fire fighting tools and natural water sources are very important for fire fighting.

When setting up an earthquake-proof shed, the needs of fire fighting should be considered. Do not cover fire water sources (such as fire hydrants) and do not block the passage of fire engines.

Earthquake refuge law In places where earthquakes often occur, people have accumulated some experience in earthquake prevention. Of course, with perfect earthquake prediction equipment and institutions, huge losses can be avoided. For ordinary families, what should we do when an earthquake happens? Here are nine precautions for your reference:

1. Don't run out of the house in panic. First, temporarily hide under solid furniture or tables, preferably in small rooms, such as bathrooms and kitchens. 2. After the strong earthquake, don't feel at ease, and be prepared for the aftershocks.

3. Put out the fire first after the earthquake.

4, try to go to the shock absorber, carry things should be reduced to a minimum.

Don't walk through narrow roads, ditches, cliffs or rivers to avoid accidents.

6. Be careful not to get close to the cliff, so as not to crack and cause accidents.

7. When approaching the coast, you must pay attention to the tsunami. In low-lying areas, floods should be prevented.

8. Don't be afraid of aftershocks and don't listen to rumors.

9. Observe order and pay attention to hygiene.

At ordinary times, prepare various tools and equipment for refuge in advance:

1, water; 2, food for about five days (even if there is no fire in one day, prepare enough food); 3 valuables (cash, bank passbook, various certificates and necessary seals, etc.). ); 4. Flashlights, candles, matches, etc. ; 5. radio; 6. Blankets; 7, towels, ropes, toilet paper and other daily necessities and toiletries; 8. First-aid drugs; 9, backpacks and other supplies. These appliances should be tidied up at ordinary times and can be taken away immediately when necessary.

If there are families with babies or young children, we should prepare diapers, milk powder, umbrellas, mats and other children's products for the baby. The most important thing is to prepare all kinds of emergency daily necessities or food that can last for two to three days at any time according to the needs of the family.