Where does the North Pole Axis of the Earth deviate?

Zhu Sikun's earth rotation will produce some important geographical phenomena, such as day and night alternation, time difference and so on. In addition, there is a very interesting phenomenon, that is, it will produce geostrophic deflection. Because French physicist Coriolis 1835 studied this phenomenon in detail for the first time, it is also called "Coriolis force". Through research, it is found that objects (gas, liquid and solid) moving horizontally on the ground will deflect under the influence of the earth's rotation: the northern hemisphere turns to the right and the southern hemisphere turns to the left. The earth's rotation deflection force decreases with the decrease of geographical latitude and is zero in the equatorial region. Although we can't perceive this power quickly, after a long time, the earth's rotation bias has left traces in some places on the earth. 1860, the Russian traveler Bohr discovered that the right banks of major Russian rivers flowing from south to north, such as ob river, Yenisei River and Lena River, were mostly steep erosion. The left bank is mostly flat, which is a beach, and the river course has obvious eastward rolling (right) trend. People call this discovery Bohr's Law. It is the endless rush that has washed the left and right banks day and night for thousands of years, which shows us the existence of the earth's rotation bias. The deflection force of the earth's rotation has the most prominent influence on the horizontal movement of airflow and water flow. For example, when the airflow on both sides of the equator flows in the equatorial direction, if there is no influence of this bias force, the north wind should always blow and the south wind should always blow to the north of the equator. However, due to the geostrophic deflection, the wind direction has changed, and the north of the equator is right, forming a northeast wind; Turn left south of the equator to form a southeast wind. The influence of the earth's rotation deviation on the weather system is also particularly important. On the tropical ocean surface, under the combined action of pressure gradient force and geostrophic deflection force, water vapor will produce the most serious natural disasters-tropical cyclones (tropical storms, typhoons, hurricanes), which have high frequency and large cumulative losses, far exceeding the disasters caused by earthquakes. In addition, the atmospheric movement and the wind belt near the surface make the ocean water move and form a large-scale ocean current. The deviation of the earth's rotation will force the ocean current to change its direction during the movement, which is of great significance for regulating the distribution of ocean water and heat, purifying seawater, fishery production, ocean navigation and weather forecast. As mentioned above, the influence of the earth's rotation deviation on rivers is as follows: in the northern hemisphere, rivers flowing from south to north scour the east coast; A river flows from north to south, and the river washes the west bank. In this way, the right bank of natural rivers is washed away and the left bank is piled up, which causes the riverbed to "swing" and form a bend, and also causes the asymmetry of river valleys flowing from north to south on the earth. However, it has obvious influence on prospecting, building ports, docks, setting waterways and urban construction. For example, the ports along the Yangtze River are all built on the south bank, because the river is washed away by the earth's rotation, which makes the bank slope steep and it is difficult for ships to run aground, making it a good port. Chongming Island, especially at the mouth of the Yangtze River, has more water flow in the south, no water flow in the north, and a large amount of sediment deposition, and its area is getting bigger and bigger. It can be predicted that Chongming Island will merge with the North Shore one day. Similarly, because the pressure of the right track is greater than that of the left track, the right track wears faster when driving in one direction. China is located in the northern hemisphere, the train is driven by the earth's rotation bias, and the pressure on the right rail is greater than that on the left rail. On the ordinary monorail, there are often trains running in opposite directions, and the left and right sides are just opposite, resulting in almost the same wear of the two rails. Because this force is only a few tens of thousands of the weight of the train and a few percent of the resistance, the effect of this force can only be manifested in the serious wear and tear of the right rail, so there is no need to worry about whether two trains running in opposite directions on the double track will collide. Because the deflection force of the earth's rotation always tends to change the original direction of motion, it should be considered in many engineering and technical fields. For example, when launching intercontinental long-range missiles, navigation and aviation need to pay attention to correcting the influence of deflection, otherwise it will not be able to accurately hit the target or reach the destination. According to IAAF regulations, long-distance runners usually run counterclockwise along the runway during training, because most competitions are held in the northern hemisphere. If they do not conform to the earth's rotation bias, the human body is easily hurt by uneven centrifugal force and the earth's rotation bias. In a word, the existence of the earth's rotation deflection brings us a blessing or a curse. We need to deeply understand its various laws and use them to benefit mankind and make mankind live in this world more harmoniously. (No.1 Middle School of Huancheng Town, Weishan County, Shandong Province)

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