Don Quixote (the protagonist in Don Quixote by Spanish writer Cervantes)

First, who dares to be worse than me, Cervantes and his Don Quixote?

Cervantes is a great and unfortunate writer. He was born in a poor family of doctors. He didn't get a good education when he was young, but he had the opportunity to read a lot of knight novels, and his mind formed a very fanatical ideal of dedication to his country. He joined the Armada and took part in the war against Turkish aggression. In the war, he showed enough courage, but his body was not strong enough and his martial arts was not very good. A man full of courage but without martial arts is more likely to have bad luck. In the confrontation with the Turkish army, he couldn't wait to jump on the enemy ship first, but his successors didn't catch up. He was surrounded by Turkish soldiers and his left hand was severely injured and disabled. This is the first time he fought bravely. Then he took part in the battle of occupying Tunisia and other famous sea battles. In these battles, he repeatedly made meritorious military service and was commended by the marshal. However, when he dreamed of becoming a general with a recommendation letter from the marshal, he met pirates on his way back to China, was captured and sold to Algeria, where he worked hard for five years. A man who dreamed of becoming a general became a slave. He failed to escape twice, and then a priest raised some money to redeem the young man. When he returned to his own country, unfortunately, his country had forgotten the hero. He couldn't even find an ordinary job, and finally found a quartermaster position in the Armada. Once, he went to the countryside to collect grain and was framed and imprisoned by the squire. After he got out of prison, he became a tax collector. He deposited the tax collected in the bank, but the bank closed down and Cervantes was imprisoned for the second time. After he got out of prison, he was down and out, broke. He lives in a poor environment, with a pub downstairs and a brothel upstairs. In such a bad environment, he began to write his landmark work Don Quixote. One day, it was very cold. He opened the door and found a man lying in front of it, dying. Out of sympathy, he carried the man home. Unexpectedly, this man died in Cervantes' home. He was arrested and imprisoned for the third time on suspicion of murder. Later, because her daughter was arraigned by the court. Continuous blows make great writers. 16 13 years, he wrote the first volume of Don Quixote, which made him famous. At that time, on the streets of some Spanish cities, if you met a man with a book, he was walking and laughing. If he is not crazy, he must be reading Don Quixote.

Second, why did Cervantes create Don Quixote?

In the Middle Ages, spoken Latin disappeared among ordinary people and was no longer their common language. Because Latin is a special language for learning and literature, if you want to receive education, you must first learn to imitate Latin as a foreign language, so learning and literature become out of reach. Illiteracy can be seen everywhere, and most of them are illiterate. The most unusual thing is that even those rich and powerful people are illiterate because they don't know Latin.

Slowly, a literature written in a local language, that is, a literature written in a comprehensive mother tongue instead of Latin, is becoming more and more popular. The earliest legendary story in France is called Romans, which is named after the language used in these stories. This is actually a derogatory term. If you say that this is a Roman work, it means that this is a poor local work. The word roman later evolved into "story" in French. Because the content is nothing more than the love of knights, heroic deeds and handsome men and women, the positioning of such stories is romance. This explains the double meaning of the word romance: it is not only a language evolved from Latin, but also a novel theme without depth. Romance is superficial.

Knight novels were very popular in medieval Europe. Cervantes suffered greatly. If he had joined the army without dreaming of becoming a hero, his life might have been a different story. Facing the reality of life, he feels that these knight novels are absurd and easy to lead people astray.

Jianghu is not:

Three thousand guests are drunk, and fourteen States are cold.

He was named Lingyun Pavilion. Do you envy Wan Huhou at that time?

But:

Carrying a sword, riding a ghost rain, bones like mountains, birds flying.

The world is like a tide of people, just sighing for a few people in the Jianghu.

Cervantes' original intention in writing Don Quixote is to satirize those chivalrous novels that harm others and do no good to others. Emotionally, everyone is romantic, so should life; And setbacks again and again declare realism, and life is like this.

In this way, in Cervantes' works, a gentleman who lived in the countryside and lost his mind because of his infatuation with knight novels, with a thin figure and a thin face, changed his name to Don Quixote de La Mancha when he was nearly fifty years old, and embarked on a journey with a rough farmer in the same village, regardless of his relatives and property. His purpose is to do what the knight errant did: fully armed, riding a good horse, traveling around the world, taking risks as a knight errant, making achievements and going down in history.

3. What kind of person is Don Quixote?

His knighthood is self-styled, his Rossinette Mountain is weak, and his sweetheart Dulcinea is a village girl, plain-looking, even named by Don Quixote himself, and the girl herself knows nothing about it. The reason to find a sweetheart is because Don Quixote thinks that without a sweetheart, a knight errant is like a bare tree, a house without foundation and an invisible shadow, which is tantamount to gouging out his eyes and taking away the sun that illuminates him. Dulcinea is beautiful and luxurious in Don Quixote's heart, and she can give him infinite strength in every battle.

He did many ridiculous things. The most famous is the fierce battle with windmills. This story happened when he and Sancho just set foot on the journey. It is famous because many people only read the beginning. This book is really long. He thinks that the windmill is a powerful giant, and the windmill wing is a giant's arm. He urged Rossinette to come forward and tried to pierce the spear into the windmill, but the rotating windmill wings twisted the spear into several pieces, which made people upset. Afterwards, he admitted that they were windmills, but that was because the evil magician turned the giant into a windmill in order to deprive him of his victory.

He rescued a teenager who was whipped by his master and made him promise not to punish him again and pay all unpaid wages. But after he left, the boy was beaten more severely by his master.

He regards boarding hotels as castles. Once, one night, he suddenly had a crazy attack and felt attacked by a giant. He poked all the wine skins on the wall of his room, saying that the wine spilled all over the floor was the blood of giants, and those skins were the heads of giants.

He likes to provoke people he meets on the road. These people include foreigners, nomads, hairdressers, prisoners, clergy, funeral personnel, circus personnel and people who transport wild animals, and so on. The most thrilling thing he did was to challenge a lion. He asked others to open the cage where the lion was locked and wanted to compete with the lion. Everyone around him, including Sancho, ran away, and everyone thought he would die this time. Fortunately, the lion took a lazy look at Don Quixote and continued to sleep soundly, so Don Quixote once again showed the world his supreme courage at this critical juncture.

He claims that he can prepare a Fiala Fraser sesame oil, which can cure the disease with only one drop. Even if it is cut in half, as long as you put the two bodies together and drink sesame oil twice, it will be intact. After Sancho was injured, he took a few sips of this sesame oil and vomited in a big mess. He would rather die than drink again.

He often fantasizes about himself, thinking that other women can't fall in love with a knight errant like him at first sight, and always get beaten and played in the end.

Even in the eyes of the world, many characters in the book, Don Quixote, are completely crazy. But this is only his side. From the front and side of Zhang Hongjie, I think the other side of Don Quixote is full of the brilliance of human nature.

All this stems from Don Quixote being a man of faith.

Of course, he believes in chivalry. For knight errant, sword is law, courage is strength, and will is command.

Don Quixote thinks that the golden century is gone forever, and he hates the world today. In today's world, laziness is better than hard work, diligence is worse than idleness, and evil is better than virtue. Those who take credit are more open than those who are brave, and even those who are martial are just talking and unwilling to do anything. He went to great lengths just to let the world know that it was a big mistake not to restore peace and prosperity that advocated chivalry. Rangers shoulder the heavy responsibility of defending the country. They defend weak women, save orphans and young children, punish murderers, appease good people and safeguard fairness and justice. He is convinced that when his deeds spread all over the world, a happy era and century will come.

If faith has infinite power, it is embodied in Don Quixote. He really practiced chivalry wholeheartedly and unreservedly.

Look at your heart when you do things. Don Quixote selflessly helps everyone who needs his help or thinks he needs it. Although sometimes it backfires, backfires, hurts the innocent or is self-defeating, he does not have a bad heart, but he has a very kind and just heart, regardless of return.

Don Quixote is a man who does not covet pleasure and money, but can endure hardships. He believes that knights should be accompanied by wind and rain, interact with nature, endure wind and sun, endure loneliness, eat without seeking food, just to survive and pay better. As for dressing and rest, he said:

Don Quixote is brave. He dares to face the challenge. He often challenges a regiment one by one, lives in barren hills, goes down into the abyss, and even provokes wild animals, regardless of life and death. When he faced setbacks and misfortunes, he said, "A magician can deprive me of my good fortune, but he can't take away my courage and courage."

When Don Quixote was not crazy, he was a man of great insight and wisdom. For example, he said, "Have you ever wondered how many fewer people were rewarded for meritorious service in the war than those who died in the battlefield?" He said: "the happiness in the world is like a fleeting cloud;" Just like flowers in the wild, they will soon wither. " He also said, "On the stage of life, some people are emperors and some are archbishops. When life comes to an end, the play is over. Death stripped everyone of their clothes to play various roles, and it was the same for everyone to enter the grave. "

Exactly: a thousand-year-old sage and fool, but there is a wormwood mountain everywhere.

Regarding love, he said, "Choosing a spouse and starting a family are very eye-catching, and love is often fascinating, so that you can't see the truth clearly and produce deviations. Marriage is a rope. Once worn around the neck, it becomes a fast knot. No one can untie it except the sickle of death. "

When Sancho was about to become governor, Don Quixote's advice was especially brilliant. He said:

Don Quixote's suggestion, in the words of the sages, is: the official sea is sinister, once it rises and falls. The dark room deceives the heart, and the eyes of God are like electricity, so people should know and be afraid. Be a man, be afraid, walk on thin ice, and don't criticize. One virtue, two lives and three geomantics, with virtue as the first priority. Be lenient with others and be strict with yourself. Consistency, loyalty and forgiveness. Dinner is ghost food, and drinking is wrong.

After leaving office, Sancho was gossiped by others. Don Quixote comforted him and said, "As long as you have a clear conscience, let others go. If you want to shut up those talkative people, it is as difficult as trying to install doors in the wilderness. When you become a governor and make a fortune, some people say that you are a corrupt official; When you become an official, you are still indifferent, and people will call you a fool and a fool. "

If you want to say Don Quixote is crazy, giants, magicians, including Dulcinea, the incomparable beauty in his heart, are all fictitious and don't exist at all. He would argue:

When Don Quixote speaks, he is always clear-headed, correct in argument and elegant in speech, but his behavior is often rash, crazy and ridiculous. A spendthrift is more likely to be a generous person than a miser. Similarly, fools are more likely to be real warriors than cowards.

Don Quixote practiced his faith with his life. He is a real soldier. He is unique, unique, and the whole world is not obsessed with it. As Nietzsche said, in himself, he defeated this era.

Don't laugh at Don Quixote, even we are far behind him. He has the right belief, he dares to act, he perseveres, and he asks for nothing in return.

Doing good is better than doing evil.

Fourth, Sancho Panza, who is mercenary and as smart as a fool.

Don Quixote promised money, a pony and a distant island governor to let Sancho follow him. Sancho is not a romantic, he is a thorough realist, I think he must have never believed the story that he can really be an island governor, although in the end, because of the duke's ridicule, he really made him a governor for a while.

If it wasn't the first time I went out with Don Quixote, I found a purse in Montenegro, which contained more than 100 gold coins and secretly took them for myself. When Don Quixote goes out for the second time, Sancho will commit suicide and never follow him again.

Sancho said:

In Sancho's view, you can never get as many delicious things as Camacho (the rich) from the pot of Brazil Rio (the poor). He said, "Oh, yeah."

If you think that Sancho is just a lazy and vulgar fool, you are all wet. First of all, a selfish person is generally not too stupid, because he will not let himself suffer. Secondly, Sancho is good at saying two-part allegorical sayings and telling jokes. Many people are happy to get along with him. Finally, during his tenure as governor, he showed unparalleled ruling and governance skills and was extremely clean. It's just a combination of Bao Zheng and Harry.

For example, two old people once came to Sancho to settle a debt dispute. An old man said that he owed more than a dozen gold coins, and another said that he had already paid them back, so he could swear in the name of Christians. When the old man who owed money swore an oath, he gave his crutch to the creditor, saying that he did borrow money, but he had already returned it himself. After taking the oath, he took back his cane. At this time, even the creditors thought that people who owed money were Christians and would not lie. He must have forgotten when and how to pay back the money. Sancho thought for a moment, asked the person who owed money to give the crutch to the creditor, and then told the creditor that the debt was paid off. The man who owed money asked, is my crutch worth ten gold coins? Sancho said: Value. Then he ordered the cane to be split in front of everyone, and there were more than ten gold coins in it. They asked Sancho how he knew there were more than a dozen gold coins hidden in his cane. Sancho replied that the old man first gave the cane to the other party, and then swore that he did return the gold coins; After scolding, he asked for his cane back, so he thought he must have hidden the gold coins in it.

During his tenure, Sancho also put forward the ruling policy of taking more care of the cultivators, safeguarding the rights of gentlemen, rewarding people with kindness, rewarding them with cultivation, and paying special attention to religion and priests.

On the one hand, Sancho is very much like the Eight Rings in Journey to the West. He is ugly, can eat, sleep and make jokes. Everyone is very satisfied with him. On the other hand, he is very wise when he is needed to do business.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion

This book is very long, but it also tells the adventures of Don Quixote in just a few months. Many of them are short stories told by the characters in the book. It can be said that there are books in books, and those stories are also extremely wonderful, basically related to love, somewhat similar to Shakespeare's legendary plays, with mixed feelings of sadness and joy.

Don Quixote fell ill after coming home for the third time, alas. Cervantes designed it to prevent other writers from continuing to write Don Quixote.

Don Quixote died, but people's belief in pursuing fairness and justice will not change, and their expectations for a better era and a happy life will not change. The world still needs Don Quixote spirit.

In the highest place, glory belongs to God; On earth, peace belongs to people with good intentions.