Who is the author of The Journey to the West, and from which dynasty?

The Journey to the West Author: Wu Cheng'en Ming Dynasty: the first translation of ancient Chinese in Ming Dynasty;

Legend has it that a long time ago, the world was divided into Dongsheng Shenzhou, Xiniu Hezhou, southern Yuzhou and northern Yuzhou. In Ole, Dongsheng, China, there is a flower and fruit mountain. There is a fairy stone on the mountain. One day, the fairy stone cracked and an egg rolled out of the stone. An egg turns into a stone monkey when it sees the wind. The monkey's eyes shot golden light and worshipped in all directions. This monkey can walk and run. Drink some spring water from the mountain stream when you are thirsty, and eat some fruit from the mountain when you are hungry. I had a good time with the animals in the mountains all day. One day, it was very hot. In order to avoid the hot weather, the monkeys ran to the mountain stream to take a bath. When they saw the spring running, they followed the stream to find its source. The monkeys climbed and climbed until the end, but they saw a waterfall, which seemed to fall from the sky. The monkeys said in surprise, "whoever dares to enter the waterfall and find out the source of the spring water without harming health will worship him as king." After shouting three times, the stone monkey jumped out and shouted, "I'll go in, I'll go in!" " "The stone monkey closed his eyes and jumped into the waterfall. He doesn't feel like he is in the water. Then he opened his eyes and looked around. He found himself standing on an iron bridge. The water under the bridge runs between the stone openings and flows upside down, covering the bridge door so that people outside can't see it. The stone monkey crossed the bridge and found that it was really a good place, with a stone chair, a bed, a basin and a bowl. It seems that someone lived here not long ago. Natural houses are quiet and tidy. Pots and pans are neatly placed on the stove. There is a stone tablet in the middle, which reads: Huaguo Mountain is a blessed land, and water curtain cave is a cave. The stone monkey was so happy that he turned away and jumped out of the hole with a whoosh. The monkeys were not hurt at all when they saw the stone monkey coming out. Surprised and delighted, they surrounded him and tried to ask him about it. The stone monkey scratched his cheek and tickled. He smiled and said to everyone, "There is no water in it. This is a good place to live. When it is windy, we have a place to hide, and we are not afraid of heavy rain. " Hearing this, the monkeys jumped and jumped with joy. The monkeys followed the stone monkey across the waterfall and entered water curtain cave. When they saw so many good things, they scrambled for them one by one, grabbing pots, bowls, bowls, occupying the kitchen, fighting for beds and moving around until they were exhausted. The monkeys kept their promise and worshipped the stone monkey as king. Since then, the stone monkey has ascended the throne, omitting the stone character and calling himself the "Monkey King". The Monkey King takes the monkeys around the mountains every day, and soon three or five hundred years have passed. One day, while playing, the Monkey King couldn't help crying when he thought that he was bound to die in the future. At this time, a back monkey jumped out of the group of monkeys and said, "If your king wants to live forever, he must learn Buddhism, immortals and immortals. "the Monkey King decided to travel all over the world, but also to find a fairy, learn the fairy's ability. The next day, the monkeys made a raft for him, and prepared some wild fruits, so the Monkey King said goodbye to the monkeys and walked to the sea in Wang Yang on the raft alone. Probably because the Monkey King was lucky, the southeast wind for several days sent him to the northwest coast. He got off the raft and landed on the shore. He saw many people working on the shore, some catching fish, some catching geese in the sky, some digging clams and some panning for salt. He walked over quietly. Unexpectedly, they were scared to throw things away and run for their lives everywhere. On this day, he came to a high mountain, and suddenly there came a wonderful song from the Woods halfway up the mountain, singing some words about becoming immortal. The Monkey King thought the singer must be a fairy, so he followed the song. The singer is a young man chopping wood in the Woods. The Monkey King learned from the young population that this mountain is called Lingtai Square Hill. Seven or eight miles away from here, there is a moon-slanting three-star cave, where a fairy named Bodhi Zushi lives. The Monkey King bid farewell to the young woodcutter, walked out of the Woods and walked across the hillside. Sure enough, he saw a cave in the distance, the door of which was closed. On the hill opposite the cave gate stands a stone tablet, about three feet high and eight feet wide, with ten big characters written on it: "Three-star Cave in the Inclined Moon on the Square Inch Mountain of Lingtai". While watching, the door suddenly opened and a fairy-like boy came out. The Monkey King hurried forward, bowed deeply and explained his purpose. Fairy boy said, "My master was about to preach when he called me out to open the door and said there was a disciple outside, so it was you! Come with me! " The Monkey King hurriedly adjusted her clothes, respectfully followed Fairchild into the cave, and came to the altar where the ancestors preached. The Monkey King saw Bodhi founder sitting on the stage, with more than 30 fairies standing on both sides of the stage, and quickly knelt down and kowtowed. The patriarch was glad to know his purpose. Seeing that he had no name, he said, "Just call him Wukong! "Journey to the West: The poem says: Chaos is not divided into heaven and earth, and no one sees it. Since Pangu broke the HarmonyOS system, it has opened up a clear distinction from here. Covering the crowd and respecting benevolence, I found that everything was getting better. If you want to know the power of nature, you must watch the westward journey. Cover the number of heaven and earth, one hundred and twenty-nine thousand six hundred years old is one yuan. Divide one yuan into twelve clubs, namely, Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu and Hai. Every conference should have a history of 1800 years. And as far as one day is concerned: when children are young, ugly crows; Yin can't get light, and Mao can't get sunrise; After eating in the morning, the third one is in the row; At noon, but not in the west; When applying for time, the sun sets and at dusk, people decide the sea. For example, in a large number, if the meeting ends, the world will faint and everything will be gone. Five or four hundred years old, at the beginning of the Shanghai conference, the sky was dark and there was no word, so it was called chaos. At the age of 5400, Haihui will come to an end. He will rise from Yuan Zhen, approach Keiko, and gradually become enlightened. Shao Kangjie said, "In the midwinter of the solstice, the heavenly heart has not changed. When the sun first moves, everything is lifeless. "It didn't take root until today. It is 5,400 years old again, just like a children's meeting. It is light and bright, with a day, a moon, a star and an age. The sun, the moon and the stars are called the four elephants. Therefore, heaven is born in the child. In another 5,400 years, Zilian will come to an end, approaching the ugly couplet and gradually consolidating. " Yi said, "Great! Aim at Kun yuan! Everything is born, but it is a natural inheritance. " At this time, the ground began to condense. Another 5,400 years, just like the ugly meeting, heavy turbidity, water, fire, mountains, rocks and soil. Water, volcanic rocks and soil are called five shapes. Therefore, the ground is ugly. After another 5400 years, the ugly meeting ended, the Yin meeting began, and everything happened. Calendar: "The weather drops and the atmosphere rises; Heaven and earth intersect, and everything is born. "At this point, the weather is clear, yin and yang intercourse. 5400-year-old, weather, animals, birds, called heaven and earth, three talents positioning. Therefore, people are born in yin. I feel that Pangu is the frontier, Huang San is the rule of the world, and the five emperors are determined. The world is divided into four continents: ShenZhou in the east, NiuHezhou in the west, Wuzhou in the south and Luzhou in the north. This book list shows that Dongsheng wins China. There is a land overseas called Olego. This country is close to the sea, and there is a famous mountain in the sea called Guo Huashan. This mountain is the ancestor of ten continents and the origin of three islands. It has been in existence since the beginning and is tried by the HarmonyOS system. What a nice mountain! As evidenced by Ci Fu, Fu said: Hidden Town Wang Yang, Weining Yaohai. Wang Yang Town, whitebait in the tide enters the hole; Weining Yaohai, the waves turn over the snow and the waves leave the deep. Fire and water are high in the corner, and the East China Sea is high at the top. Dan Cliff is a strange rock, and the stone wall has been cut off. Dan Cliff and Cai Feng echoed; Before cutting the wall, Kirin lies alone. Listen to the golden rooster crowing at the top of the mountain, and every dragon in the cave comes and goes. There are deer and foxes in the forest, and there are fairy birds and cranes in the trees. Yao grass and exotic flowers never fade, and pine and cypress are in Changchun. Xiantao often bears fruit and leaves clouds every time it prunes bamboo. A ravine is thick with vines, and the grass on all sides is a new color. All rivers will be in Optimus Prime, and the roots of the earth will not move. There is a fairy stone on the top of that mountain. Its stones are three feet six feet five inches high and two feet four feet round. Three feet six feet five inches high, showing 365 degrees on Sunday; Two feet and four feet in circles, according to the political calendar. There are nine holes and eight holes in the table. Press jiugong gossip. There are no trees to shade all around, and there are orchids around. Since Gai was opened, every time it was naive, more and more refined, and I felt well-informed for a long time. Inbred elf cells. One day it burst and laid a stone egg as big as a ball. Have it both ways, turned into a stone monkey. All five senses, all four limbs. I learned to crawl and walk, and I worship the four directions. With two golden lights in his eyes, he shot at Dou Fu. The Jade Emperor, who shocked the great sage and kind heaven, revered the God Xuan the king of world. He drove in the temple of the Golden Queyun Palace, gathered the immortal Qing, saw the golden flame, and ordered Clairvoyance and Clairvoyance to open the worse gate to watch. The two generals were ordered to go out to war. Seeing is believing, but hearing is empty. A moment later, I reported: "The place where I listened to the golden light is the border of a small country, proudly coming from the East, where the East China rises. There is a mountain of flowers and fruits. There is a fairy stone on the mountain, and the stone laid an egg. When I saw a weathered stone monkey, I worshipped everywhere, shining golden light in my eyes and shooting at Dou Fu. Now that you have taken the bait to drink water, the golden light will gradually disappear. " The Jade Emperor said gracefully, "The following things are all born of the essence of heaven and earth, so there is no difference. "Monkeys are in the mountains, but they can walk and jump, eat vegetation, drink streams and springs, pick mountain flowers and find trees and fruits; Keep company with wolves and insects, tigers and leopards as a group, roe as a friend and apes as relatives; Spend the night under the cliff, in the cave at the top of the mountain. It's really "the mountain has no children, and the cold doesn't know the year." "Once it was hot, I spent a summer with the monkeys. They all played in the shade of pine trees. Watch him jump from tree to tree, picking flowers and looking for fruit; Throw marbles, hit children, run sand nests and build pagodas; Catch dragonflies and jump eight waxes; Worship bodhisattva; Pull out kudzu vine and weave grass? No; Catch lice and bite fleas; Manage sweaters and remove nails; Get it, wipe it; Push, push, push; Pull, pull, pull, let him stubbornly wash with green water under the pine forest. A group of monkeys played for a while, but went to the mountain stream to take a bath. Seeing the rushing torrent of water, it's like knowing all about it and splashing. As the old saying goes, birds have their own words, and animals have their own words. All the monkeys said, "I don't know where this water comes from." We have nothing to do today, so we secretly climbed the ravine to see where it came from and have fun! "Shout, drag men and women, call brother call brother, run together, climb the mountain along the stream, until the source, but the waterfall spring. But seeing that faction of Bai Hong, thousands of snow waves fly. The sea breeze kept blowing and the moonlight shone on the river. The cold air is divided into green and the residual flow is moist and delicate. The gurgling sound covers the famous waterfall, which is really like hanging a curtain. The Journey to the West, the author of 100 copies in Ming Dynasty, whose original name was Qiu Chuji, broke the title with Qian Daxin's disclosure of the original book A Journey to the West by a Real Person in Changchun. During the Qianlong period, there was a new saying. Wu Yuhuan, a native of Huai 'an, Jiangsu Province, thinks that the author of Baihuiben Journey to the West is Wu Cheng'en, a fellow villager in Ming Dynasty. In the fourth volume of Yang Shan Shi Lu, he said: "The old record of Mr. Apocalypse (referring to Wu Cheng'en) is the first in the garden of modern literature, … while reading Huai Xian Wen Mu contains the works of Mr. Journey to the West, … There are many dialects in my hometown, and there is no doubt that he is a master in Huai." This shows that Wu Cheng'en's "Sheyang Collection, Spring and Autumn Biography, Journey to the West" has four volumes, one of which is called The Journey to the West. At the same time, there are many Subei dialects in The Journey to the West, Zhang Hui's novel, from which Wu Cheng'en got the author of The Journey to the West. Later, Lu Xun's A Brief History of Chinese Fiction and Hu Shi's Textual Research on Journey to the West both adopted this statement and made textual research on Wu Cheng'en's deeds. Since then, The Journey to the West in Wu Cheng'en has almost become a well-known literary knowledge. However, there is still controversy in academic circles. The book "Is Journey to the West Written by Wu Cheng'en" points out that during the more than 300 years from the advent of The Journey to the West to the 1920s, all kinds of publications were edited by Zhu, or only by the owner of Huayang Cave without the author's name, or written by Qiu Chuji, and none of them recognized Wu Cheng'en's copyright. Hu Shi also said in the preface of The Journey to the West in 192 1 that this work was "written by an unknown novelist after the middle of Ming Dynasty". Later, Mr. Lu Xun argued that Wu Cheng'en said that Hu Shi got the materials copied by Lu Xun, and Textual Research on Journey to the West also held this opinion. Zhang pointed out that "Wu Cheng'en's Journey to the West" was included in the geography category of the Eighth History Department of Ganqingtang Bibliography by Huang Yuchong in the early Qing Dynasty. It can be seen that Wu Cheng'en's Journey to the West recorded in Huai 'an Fu Zhi mentioned above should be a geographical travel note, not a novel by Zhang Hui, while Wu Cheng'en, Zeng Shiming's official post in Jing Wang Fu, from his hometown in Huai 'an, northern Jiangsu to Jing Wang Fu, qi zhou, Hubei, can be said to be a The Journey to the West. Judging from the dialect, the author of The Journey to the West may not be Su Beiren Wu Cheng'en. Zhang Wen learned from the Baihui edition of The Journey to the West that Jiangbei dialect coexists with Wu dialect, and there is Jiangbei dialect in northern Jiangsu, but there is no Wu dialect, which was added by the author of Baihui edition without adding Subei dialect. Huang Yongnian agreed with Zhang's point of view and added arguments: First, the manuscript of Baihui should have appeared in the early years of Jiajing, while Wu Cheng'en was generally estimated to have been born in 1500 (the thirteenth year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty) and 1522 (the first year of Jiajing) was only twenty-three years old. He wrote an epic The Journey to the West with 100 chapters and 20 volumes. Secondly, Huang Shoucheng noticed that the goal of chapter 29 of Baihuiben was to "get rid of the difficulties and come to the land, and turn the mountain with the ceremony of Eight Rings". If Wu Cheng'en is really the author, the word "Li" should not be used here, but should be used in front of the disgraced "Eight Rings". The popularity of Wu Cheng'en and The Journey to the West's theory is not accidental, and it is supported by abundant evidence. Mainly: Wu Cheng'en once worked in Wang Zhai, Jingxian County, Hubei Province, which met the condition that "Journey to the West comes from the princes' palace" pointed out in The Journey to the West's preface; Wu Cheng'en's life and personality, especially Wu Cheng'en's Journey to the West, are clearly recorded in Huai 'an Fu Zhi. Wu Cheng'en's Sheyang Survival Draft (later edited as Poems of Wu Cheng'en) and Journey to the West prove each other; Journey to the West has many geographical features of Huaihai. For example, the Monkey King is based on Wuqi, a monkey of Huaihe River, and Tang Priest's native place is Juxian Village in Haizhou. However, from an academic point of view, the theory of "witch wish" is difficult to conclude. Baidu Encyclopedia-Wu Cheng'en