Answers to Dai Mingshi’s classical Chinese essays

1. Answers to the reading of Dai Mingshi’s Dai Nanshan Collection

Reference answers:

1. (2 points) Facing the constant haze weather, face it squarely Environmental pollution is a serious challenge and everyone must make a difference. This has become an unavoidable issue of the times.

2. (3 points) harms people’s health (1 point), seriously affects the operation of the transportation system (1 point), and restricts economic development (1 3. (2 points) by citing Argument (1 point), a strong argument for promoting everyone to take responsibility for pollution control through achieving environmental protection awareness (1 point)

4. (3 points) Although two paragraphs cannot. The text discusses the need to make a difference in the face of challenges, but paragraph ⑥ is from the perspective of ***, paragraph ⑦ is from the perspective of individuals and enterprises (1 point), *** of environmental systems Formulation and implementation are the primary prerequisites for the environmental behavior of individuals and enterprises (1 point). In addition, paragraph 7 is connected with the discussion in paragraph 8 below, "The continuous occurrence of smog weather is also a warning of the heavy price of the so-called automobile age." . (1 point), so the order of the two paragraphs ⑥⑦ cannot be changed.

5. (2 points) Reference answer: (1) Beautiful China starts with healthy breathing (2) Don’t let the haze weather happen. Like looking at flowers in the fog, environmental protection is like looking at the moon in the water (3) "Haze" is lurking on all sides, and I am surrounded by enemies on all sides (4) Wonderland and pavilions surround me, and the streets are full of masks (1 point for each sentence)

2 . The original text and translation of the ancient poem "The Legend of the Poor Ghost by Dai Mingshi (with translation)" Author: The Legend of the Poor Ghost by Dai Mingshi ① A poor ghost does not know where he started.

In the Tang and Yuan Dynasties, Han Yu stayed in Changli.

Weiwen ② drove him away, and he became more and more dead and had nowhere to go.

Living in the world, people like Han Yu would not be able to follow him. After reading for more than 900 years, I heard that there was a man called Mr. Han Yuliu between the Jianghuai River and Han Yuliu, so I paid him a visit at his home.

Said: "I am also a guest of Han Yu's family. I have overheard the great righteousness of Mr. Sir, and I would like to entrust it to my disciples. I dare to repay Mr. Sir." In the past, when Han retreated, his son was not tolerated by the world, and he was ridiculed and insulted. He was poor and could not return. His "Send to the Poor" can be read again.

My son is gone, and I have nothing to do! , please follow others." The poor ghost said: "Why do you abandon me? If others can follow you, I will follow you for a long time. "Why did you abandon me, Sir?"

The Master said: "You are famous for being poor, and you are so powerful that you can't talk about anything." ; Going up and down potholes, stepping forward and back, leaning forward and swaying, hesitating from left to right, then you are unable to walk; being covered in dirt, being ridiculed, worrying about the opinions of others, you are unable to argue; doing things are smoothing out chaos, and going towards are stabbed. Fallacy ③ means that you are poor in talent; your reputation and profit are not enough to move the public; you are upright and lonely and angry, and you are not humorous enough to be vulgar, and you are not able to make friends.

If you hold on to its useless books and bear its unruly spirit, Carrying her empty body and entering a world where she hates poverty, she will be poor at home and poor in the country. I cannot list all the women who are enough to make me poor."

The poor ghost said: "Sir, do you think this is a sin? That's right. However, some of the remaining sins can be ignored, and some of the merits cannot be ignored.

Where I am, everyone avoids me. This is why this gentleman abandoned me. If he is just a mere person, how can he be regarded seriously? And I can make him sing, make him cry; make him excited, make him angry; make him go alone and swim in infinity.

What Mr. Wang said is the reason why it is effective for Mr. Wu. Why does it hurt? And Han Yu's family has been immortal so far, so I will do it. Therefore, the more you start to doubt, the more you end up being at ease.

I have been traveling all over the world for a long time, but I have no one to belong to. It took thousands of years to find Han Yu, and more than a thousand years to find my husband. There has never been a single person who yearned for Mr. Wang's teachings, but I only admired and followed him.

Isn’t it nice of me and my husband? "So, the husband lived with me for several decades and was very poor, but he got a lot of achievements. One day, he said to the teacher: "I am the only one who has left me, but the teacher is not allowed to be tolerated by the world. He makes fun of me and makes me poor. But there is no return, so it is just for the rest, and the rest is also pitiful.

The reason why I have been effective in my work is because I owe it to you, and now I have accomplished it. I have no use for you, sir, and I don't dare to stay with you for a long time. "

Then it starts and goes away, not knowing where it ends. Note ①Dai Mingshi: a native of Tongcheng in the early Qing Dynasty, with the courtesy name Tianyou and the nickname Brown husband. Mr. Brown in the article refers to himself.

②The text: refers to Han Yu's "Song Qiong Wen", which combines solemnity with humor. In the article, Han Yu believes that he is haunted by five ghosts: poor intelligence, poor learning, poor literature, poor life, and poor friends. .

5. Regarding the interpretation of the punctuated words in the following sentences, the incorrect one is ( ) A. Reading for more than 900 years: experience B. Dare to ask for guilt: expresses the meaning of presumptuous request C . However, the remaining sins are those who can be prudent: boasting D. those who have nothing to belong to: entrusting 6. Among the following groups, the group with the same meaning and usage of function words is ( ) A. Fanwu is from Mr. He is a teacher, so he preaches, teaches, and resolves doubts. B. It took thousands of years to win Han Yu’s trust. My brother’s great virtues have led to an heir’s death. C. Holding his useless books and bearing down on his unruly spirit and magnanimity are like this. Not as good as others; now that I am old, I am incapable of doing anything. D. Those who seek help from people like Han Yu will follow them, and those who play the flute will not be allowed to stay. Rely on singing and make peace with them. 7. In the following analysis and summary of the original text, one of the incorrect ones is ( ) A. This is a fable-like prose. The article uses the dialogue between the poor man and the brown man to express the author's injustice and cynicism. B. Although the poor ghost is poor, he is unwilling to be attached to others. The reason for attaching himself to Mr. Bei is because it took more than nine hundred years to find a person like Han Yu.

C. The reason why Mr. Brown wants to drive away the poor is because once a person is exposed to the poor, he will be poor in words, deeds, arguments, talents, and friends. , always in embarrassment, everything in embarrassment, not tolerated in the world. D. The poor man has been living with his husband for decades, which made him laugh and insult him, leaving him poor and unable to return. He could not be tolerated in the world and was ultimately useless. Therefore, the poor man did not dare to stay for a long time and left in a hurry.

8. Add wavy lines to break up sentences in the text. (4 points) Sir, he avoided the banquet, but he was shocked. The woman came. The general, Nai He, commanded him to go. He said, “The son is going.” In the past, Han retreated, so he could not be tolerated in the world. 9. Translate the underlined sentences in the article into modern Chinese.

(10 points) (1) Sir, why did you abandon me? If it is false and others can follow it, it will last a long time. (3 points) (2) I cannot list all the women who are enough to make me poor, but I can only give them a rough outline.

(4 points) (3) Therefore, wherever the husband lived, he was extremely poor for several decades, but he was quite successful. (3 points) Reference answer: 5. D (attribution: belonging, following) 6. D (D. are all signs of attributive postposition.

A. One indicates the reason, and the other indicates the means. B. One is the conjunction, "cai", and the other is the turning point, "dan" or "que".

C. One is "的", and the other is between the subject and the predicate.) 7. D ( "It's useless in the end" is wrong, the original text said "it's worth the effort" and "it's all done")

8. The gentleman avoided the table but was shocked: "What will I do if the girl comes?" He went and said: "My son is gone! The old Han Dynasty retreated to the world because of his son. 9. (1) Why did you abandon me so cruelly? If there were others to follow, I would have followed others long ago.

(Keywords: "very", "false", "from") (2) I can't list all the things you can do to make me poor, just give a general idea. (Keywords: "Female", "poor", "Zhe...ye", "slightly") (3) From then on, Mr. Brown got along with him for decades. He was unbearably poor, but he also enjoyed it. Benefits.

(Keywords: "Su", "Kan", "Gong") Reference translation Qionggui, I don't know when it began to exist in the middle of the Yuanhe period of the Tang Dynasty, and began to rely on Han Yu in Changli. < /p>

Han Yu lived with him for a long time and couldn't bear it. He wrote an article ("Send to the Poor") to expel him, but instead of leaving, he scolded Han Yu.

Han Yu died (later). ), (he) had nowhere to go. He was wandering around the world, looking for someone like Han Yu to follow him, but he couldn't find him.

After more than nine hundred years, I heard that there was a Mr. Brown between the Jianghuai River and Huaihe River. He was a person like Han Yu. So he went to see him at his home without being introduced by anyone and said, "I am a guest of Han Yu's family. I will listen to him privately." 3. Answers to Luo Biyuan in classical Chinese

Original text

Luo Biyuan, also known as Hengfu, was a sage in Longxing. Jinshi in Jiading ten years. He was transferred to Xianning Lieutenant, Fuzhou Judiciary joined the army, and Chong Rencheng was re-photographed Judiciary. The county official once wrote about the Longping palace in Jinling. The prime minister was far away from home and was relegated to Daozhou, which caused great embarrassment to the officials. It must be freed from its bondage and made good. When Zhen Dexiu entered the political arena, Biyuan wrote in a book: "The old doctor said: "Shen Tang is the only one that can save typhoid fever, but only ginseng decoction can save it. However, there are only ten people who can survive. Sir, do you think ginseng decoction is the only one that can be used now?" Fuzhou Observation and Promotion Official. If Li, a powerful family, seizes the people's Lychee Garden, he will be honest with him; if he is appointed as an official, he will let him go because of selfish regrets. Know Yugan County. Prince Zhao Fu's palace was arrogant and overcrowded, so that Ru Yu's tomb occupied the surrounding hills and mountains. He also said to the state: "It's just a small official, what's the harm in giving up?" People are getting stronger and stronger.

Chun Youzhong was the general judge of Ganzhou. Jia Sidao, the commander-in-chief of Jinghu, was even more restrained. Biyuan Shangshu, thinking that it is a beetle in the country's veins and harming the people's lives, is like a Taoist title. He was renamed Tingzhou and transferred to the imperial censor Ding Daquan. Later he started working in the Liangliangyuan. Qiantang was infested with sea loaches, and people's houses were drifting away. Alchemists were ordered to treat the problem, and everyone became popular with drums and fans. It must be stopped by sparse efforts. The emperor summoned him and said, "Seeing Qing's "Plum Blossom Poems" is enough to know your ambitions." Du Zong ascended the throne and served as a doctor of Zhibaozhangge and Zongxue. Died at the age of ninety-one. Biyuanchang learned from Wei Zhen and Bao Xun, and he was the most closely related. He had very clear ideas and high integrity. He is still respected and admired by the people in his hometown.

Translation

Luo Biyuan, courtesy name Hengfu, was a native of Jinxian County, Longxing Prefecture.

In the tenth year of Jiading, he passed the Jinshi examination. He was transferred to Xianning County Lieutenant, Fuzhou Judiciary joined the army, Chongren County Cheng, and was in charge of judiciary. Zeng Ji, a local scholar, was deported to Daozhou because he offended Prime Minister Shi Miyuan by writing an inscription on the dragon screen of Jinling Palace. The officials who escorted him treated him very badly. Luo Biyuan untied him and allowed him to reach his destination smoothly. Zhen Dexiu assumed an important position, and Luo Biyuan wrote to him: "An old doctor once said that only Dushen Decoction can save lives for serious diseases such as typhoid fever, but there are only 100 people who can survive after taking this medicine. Sir, you Is this the Dushentang of today?" He was later transferred to Fuzhou Observation and Promotion Officer. Li Yu, a powerful man, robbed the common people's litchi garden, and Luo Biyuan fought against him. Later, Li Yu became an admonishment officer, so he dismissed his official position because of his personal grudge. Later he became an official in Yugan County. Prince Zhao Fu's palace was arrogant in the local area, and most of the previous officials were excluded and framed by him. After Luo Biyuan took office, because Zhao Ruyu's tomb occupied the surrounding mountains of civilians, he supported the civilians and said to the state officials: "I am just a minor official. What's the big deal if I am dismissed?" People applauded him even more.

During the Chunyou period, he served as the general magistrate of Ganzhou. Jia Sidao, the commander-in-chief of Jinghu, was extremely exploitative. Luo Biyuan came to Shu, thinking that he was eroding the national line and harming people's lives. Jia Sidao hated him (for this reason). He was appointed magistrate of Tingzhou, but was investigated and dismissed by Yushi Ding Daquan. Later, he resumed his post in the Grain Academy. In Qiantang County, there was a disaster caused by sea loaches, which flooded people's houses. The alchemists were ordered to deal with the damage, and everyone fanned them. Luo Biyuan Shangshu tried his best to stop this. The emperor summoned him and said: "Seeing your "Plum Blossom Poems" is enough to understand your ambition." Duzong ascended the throne, and Luo Biyuan retired as a doctor of Zhibaozhangge and Zongxue. Died at the age of ninety-one. Luo Biyuan once studied with Wei Zhen and Bao Xun. He is the most famous scholar. He is very clear in academic principles and has a high demeanor. Even today, people in the village still respect and admire him. 4. Biography of Sang Yi, classical Chinese translation and answers

Original text:

Sang Yi, a native of Yongqiu, Kaifeng. If he fails to win the imperial examination, he will travel to Ru Yingjian and get several hectares of abandoned farmland in Longcheng, and then he will work hard to cultivate it. The year is bad, and there are many thieves in the counties around you. Yi Bailing said: "I hope to detect traitors when I come and go." Because he called the young people in the room, he warned: "You are not allowed to steal! I am here, and I won't tolerate you!" All the young people agreed. The old man and his son were still dead, so they took off their clothes at night. The old man here was timid and had no other son, so he did not dare to sue the county. His body was naked and could not be buried. Yi was saddened to hear this, but he doubted that the young king was born. Enter his home at night and explore his suitcase without making him aware. I met him tomorrow and asked, "I'm not a thief. Now I steal the corpses of father and son. Isn't this evil?" The young man was lustful, so he pushed his servant to the ground and bound him. Awarded Jiacheng Lieutenant. In Tianshengzhong, move Mianchi Wei. When he was more than 10 years old, he was transferred to Yong'an County for inspection. The privy officer said: "Give me money to get a cabinet post for you." Yi said: "I don't want to get an official position through bribery, and I am poor and have no money! If I have it, I can't do it." The official was angry. Yi doesn't know much about books, but everything he does is reasonable, and there are many such things.

Translation:

Sang Yi is from Yongqiu, Kaifeng. He failed the Jinshi exam twice and left home to study in Ruying area. He got several hectares of abandoned farmland in Longcheng and worked hard to cultivate it after returning. When you are young, there are many thieves in the counties around Ruying. Sang Yi said to the county magistrate: "I am willing to go back and forth to inspect the lawbreakers." So he summoned the young people in the countryside and warned them: "You can't steal! I won't allow you (stealing) here!" The young people all agreed. There was an old man in the village whose son had not yet been buried. Thieves stole his clothes at night. The old man was afraid and had no other children, so he did not dare to appeal. He held his son's body and could not bury it. Sang Yi sympathized with him when he heard about it, but he suspected that it was the young man named Wang who did it. Sneaked into his house at night and checked his box without Wang Sheng noticing. I met him the next day and asked: "You promised me not to steal, and now you steal the corpse clothes of the old people in the village, aren't you?" Wang Sheng was shocked, and (Sang Yi) pushed Wang Sheng to the ground and tied him up. (Sang Yi) was later awarded the title of Jiacheng Lieutenant. During the Tiansheng period, he should be appointed as the captain of Mianchi County. After more than a year, he was reassigned to Yong'an County for inspection. The Privy Councilor said to him: "Give me money, and I will find a cabinet position for you." Sang Yi said: "It is not my intention to obtain an official position by bribery, not to mention that I am poor and have no money. Even if I had it, I would not be able to do that. ” The Privy Councilor was furious. Sang Yi was not very knowledgeable, but his actions were reasonable. Most of his deeds were like this.

(Sang Yi) When he first lived in Yongqiu, he encountered a flood and had two meters of grain in the warehouse, which he would transport by boat. When he found the people fleeing the flood, he abandoned the food and used boats to carry the people away. Seeing that the people were not getting older, they gathered in the countryside to provide for them, and they did not stop until the food was gone. Sang Yi is good at using swords and iron slips. His strength can surpass several people and he is very strategic. He often behaves timidly when meeting others, as if he does not have enough strength. He is not arrogant and pays great attention to the cultivation of dignity. His words seem to be insincere. When I met him suddenly, I didn't know that he was strong and brave. Ouyang Xiu of Luling said: "Courage is something everyone has, but there are too few who can really use it. Sang Yi can be said to be a righteous and brave man. He is not very knowledgeable but can do it, maybe it is his nature. I originally He is happy to write biographies for others, especially Sima Qian, who is good at writing biographies. However, the people he writes about are all heroic and heroic people. He likes reading and wants to learn from his methods. It is strange that there are so few people writing history like Sima Qian nowadays! So I suspected that Sima Qian was just strong in writing and good at exaggerating in narratives, and the ancients were not necessarily like this. After learning about Sang Yi's deeds, I realized that people in ancient times were also like this. Sima Qian's books did not tell lies, and I know that today. People already have them, but they are not all aware of them.

" 5. Grind a pestle into a needle. Answers in classical Chinese

Volume 60 of "Qian Que Lei Shu": "Li Bai studied a lot, but he didn't succeed and gave it up." When I met an old woman grinding a pestle, I asked her why. He said: ‘I want to make a needle. ’ Bai felt his words and graduated. "Without perseverance, it is impossible to achieve profound knowledge.

Explanation

Grinding an iron rod into a needle. It is a metaphor for doing any difficult work, as long as you have perseverance , if you work hard, you can overcome difficulties and achieve results.

Story:

It is said that Li Bai did not like studying when he was a child and was very playful. One day, he skipped to the stream and saw. An old woman was holding an iron pestle (iron rod) in her hand and grinding it on a big stone.

Li Bai asked: "What are you doing grinding iron?" "

The old woman replied: "I will grind an embroidery needle for my daughter. "

Li Bai asked again: "When can such a thick iron pestle be ground into an embroidery needle? "

The old lady said: "As long as you work hard, an iron rod can be ground into a needle. "

Li Bai was very touched after hearing this. He went home and studied hard, and finally became a great poet in the Tang Dynasty.

"A pestle becomes a needle" is a metaphor that as long as you have perseverance, no matter how difficult it is, nothing can be done. It can be done... It's the answer you want. Hehehe, I stole it for reference. There are a lot of injustices in this prison, and every time the prisoner is punished, he calls the jailer to give him a strict warning and says, "I have been in prison for a long time, and I will be done with it in ten days." "On Ming Dan's case, there is a small post saying: "I have 30,000 yuan, so I beg not to go to jail. "The Duke was furious and pushed for it. The post will come back tomorrow, saying: "The money is 50,000 yuan. "The public welfare is angry, and the order must be completed in two days. I will see the post again tomorrow, saying: "The money is one hundred thousand dollars. "The Duke said: "If you have as much as one hundred thousand dollars, you can reach the gods, and everything will be irreversible. I am afraid of disaster and have no choice but to stop. ”

Translation:

During the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Yanshang was about to serve as the Duzhi envoy. He knew that there was a big case that was an unjust case. Every time he mentioned this major case, he sighed with regret. When Zhang Yanshang was appointed as the Duzhi envoy Later, he summoned the officials in charge of lawsuits and prisons to strictly reprimand them, and ordered them: "This case has been delayed for too long, and you must complete the trial within ten days. "The next day when I came to the government office, I saw a note on the desk that said: I have paid 30,000 yuan and please don't get involved in this case. Zhang Yanshang was furious after seeing it and urged the case even more. Thirdly On the fourth day, I saw another note on the desk, which said: Pay 50,000 yuan. Zhang Yanshang became even more angry and ordered that the trial must be completed within two days and the case should be closed. On the fourth day, there was still a note on the desk, which said. Zhang Yanshang stopped asking about this case after seeing the money. Wan Guan can communicate with gods! There is nothing irreversible. I am afraid of disaster and have to accept it!

Revealing the theme:

1 The accumulation of quantitative changes to qualitative changes 2 Officials are all greedy, some are voluntary, some are forced, some are because they like money, and some are because they are afraid of death 3 Injustice In the midst of abuse, the secrets of the nobles must be hidden 4. Selfishness is part of human society and part of nature 7. Answers to the reading of the classical Chinese text "Fan Pang"

Fan Pang, courtesy name Meng Bo, Runan Zhengqiang ①People.

Shaoli ② Qingjie, was obeyed by the state. There was a famine in Jizhou and bandits arose, so Pang was used as a Qing Dynasty edict to investigate the case.

Pang boarded the chariot and took the bridle, showing his ambition to clarify the world. When he arrived at the state border, he kept the order and knew that Zang was dirty. He looked at the wind to untie the seal and go away.

After the imperial edict, the three government officials ③ reported rumors ④ and reported to the governor and more than 20 people from the powerful party of 2,000 stone. The minister blamed Peng for impeaching many people, and it was suspected that there were personal reasons.

Pang said to him: "What I did was not an act of filth and violence, which was deeply harmful to the people. How could I taint a simple letter?" The meeting was urgent, so I acted urgently first. "If the minister says something wrong, he will be punished."

The officials cannot question him. In the second year of Jianning, the party members were executed.

Under the imperial edict, Pang and others were arrested urgently. The governor sent Wu Dao to the county, held the imperial edict in his arms, closed the transmission room, fell down on his bed and cried.

Pang heard this and said: "It must be for me." That is to say, he committed suicide.

The county magistrate Guo Yi was shocked. He came out, untied the seal ribbon, and led both of them to death. Peng said: "If Pang dies, it will bring disaster. How dare you burden the king with sins and make your mother homeless!" Note ① Runan conquered the Qiang: the name of the county. ②Li: temper.

③掾 subordinate: subordinate officer. ④Rumors: Ballads that the masses reflect on the quality of officials.

⑤Indecent: numerous. ⑥ Nao: Corruption.

⑦Jianzha: refers to memorials. ⑧Meeting day: refers to the day of the meeting of the three ministers.

The three princes are Da Situ, Da Sima and Da Sikong. ⑨ Chuanshe: Posthouse, a place for rest for diplomatic envoys and those who deliver political documents.

⑩ Stop: eliminate, calm down.

7. The meaning and usage of "Yi" in the following sentences are the same as "Yi" in "Yi Hui Ri pressed" is ( ) (2 points) A. The one with convex soil and gravel is called a hill B. With it The border has passed through the Qing Dynasty C. To humiliate the people in order to anger the people D. The people of the region do not seal the boundaries of the territory 8. In the following analysis and summary of the relevant content of the original text, one of the incorrect ones is ( ) (2 points) A. Fan Pang When he was young, he paid attention to moral cultivation and was admired by the state, county and township.

Jizhou was in turmoil due to famine, and Fan Pang was appointed as the Qing envoy. B. Because there were too many people to be impeached, Fan Pang was criticized and doubted by the minister, but Fan Pang refused to be aggrieved and said righteously that he was willing to accept the death penalty if the accusation was untrue.

C. Fan Pang acted impartially and did not show favoritism. He once took the initiative to write a letter to expose the governor and powerful people who relied on their power to oppress the people. D. In the second year of Jianning, the emperor issued an edict to arrest Fan Pang and others.

The actions of Supervisor Wu Dao and County Magistrate Guo Yi showed their great admiration for Fan Pang. 9. Explain the highlighted words in the following sentences (4 points) ⑴ Have the ambition to clarify the world ⑵ Suspected to have private reasons ⑶ That is to commit suicide ⑷ Lead and die together 10. Translate the following sentences (4 points) ⑴ When reaching the border of the state, guard Make yourself aware of Zang's impurity and watch the wind to remove the seal and ribbon.

(2 points) ⑵What I did was not an act of filth and violence, but it caused great harm to the people. How could I use it to defile a simple letter? (2 points) Reference answer: For more articles, please refer to the primary and secondary school composition reading answer website 7. (2 points) B (because) 8. (2 points) C (not taking the initiative to expose, but following orders.) 9. ( 4 points) ① Expression of emotion ② Reason, reason ③ Arrive, go to... ④ Escape (1 point each) 10. (4 points) ⑴ After he arrived in Jizhou, the prefect and county magistrate knew that he had been embezzled and accepted bribes. When they heard that Fan Pang was coming, they all resigned and left.

(2 points) (Zang Gu, Wangfeng, Jie Yinshou) (2) If the person I am reporting is not a corrupt, evil and cruel person who has deeply harmed the people, would I have done it out of selfish motives? Is the memorial tainted? (3 points) (ju, zi, rape, qi, yi, filthy).