Famous historical wars from Yanhuang period to Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period.

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War in the legendary era

About 5000 years ago, the patriarchal clan began to replace the matriarchal clan on the historical stage. Dawenkou culture shows that with the improvement of primitive productivity, the surplus of labor products and the emergence of private property stimulate the desire of clan and tribal leaders to grab more material benefits. Reflected in the legendary era of the Yellow Emperor and Yan Di, it is an increasingly frequent large-scale tribal war. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the Jiuli tribe of the Oriental Yi people, headed by Chiyou, has long fought against the Huangdi and Yan Di tribes, which developed from west to east. Chiyou defeated Yan Di with great strength, and the Yellow Emperor and Yan Di formed an alliance. In the battle of Zhuolu, Chiyou was finally defeated, and the Oriental barbarians gradually merged with the Yellow Emperor. Later, the influence of Emperor Yan developed and invaded the clans and tribes in the mausoleum, which led to the breakdown of the alliance between the Yellow Emperor and Emperor Yan, resulting in the Battle of Hanquan, and the Yellow Emperor defeated Emperor Yan. The Yellow Emperor tribe developed from the north of Hebei to the south, and launched a bitter war with a branch of Yan Di tribe in the Central Plains, and the fierce workers were conquered. Yan Di and the Yellow Emperor formed a solid alliance and became the main body of China. Legend has it that the Yellow Emperor frequently conquered disobedient people, and "the world was greatly served by World War II in the 1950s" (Imperial Century). Tribal wars in this period were not only for living space, but also for conquering different tribes and plundering wealth. Legends such as Chiyou's "being a soldier", the Yellow Emperor's ministers waving "making bows", Yimou's "making targets" and Huangdi's nine-day Xuan Nv's art of war reflect that the weapons dedicated to combat are gradually separated from the production tools, and primitive wars have begun to appear.

Wars in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties

( 1)

Yu Zi abolished abdication, became a hereditary monarch, initiated the Xia Dynasty, and China entered the class society. The Xia dynasty, centered on the Yihe and Luohe river basins in Henan province, was full of struggles between hereditary monarchy and tribal abdication in the first few decades. Boyi, the original heir of Yu, attacked first and was defeated and died. As early as the Yu period, the Hu family, which was fighting for the position of the leader, once again waged a fierce battle with the army led by it for imperial power. Attacked and destroyed the Hu family, so that the rule of Xia Dynasty was recognized by tribal leaders. However, the Xia dynasty was not stable, and Taikang succeeded to the throne. Houyi, the leader of the poor family in Dongyi, took advantage of the civil strife and boiling grievances in the Xia Dynasty and seized the ruling power of the Xia Dynasty by strong force, which was called "Taikang lost his country" in history. Then, Han Zhuo replaced Hou Yi, tried to completely eliminate the influence of Xia Houshi, and attacked and killed Taikang's nephew. With the help of Yu family, Shao Kang, a posthumous son of Xiang, saved his strength, kept a low profile, and conquered Han Nuo by the strategy of divide and rule, thus restoring the rule of Xia Dynasty. This is the battle of rejuvenating the country by Shao Kang, also known as "Shao Kang Zhongxing". Until the mid-Xia Dynasty, the rule was relatively stable. The rafters of King Xia equipped the army with strong armor and spears, and once defeated the powerful Dongyi army and attacked the East China Sea. Since Kongjia in Xia Dynasty, class contradictions have become increasingly acute, and the national situation has gradually declined.

At the end of the Xia Dynasty, in order to divert the people's resistance, Xia Jie extended his army abroad, and attacked and destroyed it, which led to a serious crisis in his rule. At this time, the merchants in the lower reaches of the Yellow River rose. Shang Tang cut off the Xia Dynasty's wings one by one, isolated them, and then launched a decisive battle of singing songs, defeated Xia Jun in one fell swoop, destroyed the Xia Dynasty, established the Shang Dynasty, and made its capital in Yubo (now Shangqiu North, Henan Province). It is said that its capital is Xibo (now Yanshi). Then continue to fight on all sides and expand your own ruling area. In the early Shang Dynasty, it experienced a process of relatively stable rule and once declined. In the meantime, the struggle for the throne continued, and the king frequently moved the capital. The war revolved around the struggle for kingship and the conquest of defected tribes. In the middle of Shang Dynasty, Pan Geng moved the capital to Yin (now Anyang) to strengthen the kingship and strive for progress, and the slavery dynasty began to enter a period of great development.

As the highest form of class struggle, the battle between Xia and Shang dynasties clearly embodies the will of slave countries. Since long summer, a national army with "six things" (slave owners and nobles) as the backbone and "the masses" (civilians) as the foundation has become a special occupation of the army. This has led to major changes different from those in the period of military democracy: operational command is not only manifested in pre-war organization and post-war treatment, but also begins to run through the operational process; To win the battle, not only physical strength and courage, but also strategic awareness is gradually emerging. Shang Tang's strategy of alienating the enemy and cutting off his wings in summer transformed the enemy's strength by choosing the decisive battle opportunity, and achieved victory, which embodied the bud of strategic thought. Due to the development of social productivity, it is still low. Metal weapons made of bronze are only used in combat, and wood and stone weapons are still the main weapons.

(2)

After King Wu Ding of Shang Dynasty succeeded to the throne, the social economy developed unprecedentedly, ushered in the heyday of Shang Dynasty, and created conditions for large-scale predatory conquest war. Wu Ding's attack on the northwest tribes involves the attack on the Turkish side. A series of conquests by powerful tribes such as Fang, Guangxi and Qiang ran through the whole period of Wu Ding's rule. Fang fought for the longest time, the largest scale and the fiercest situation, and finally won the victory of conquering or pacifying these tribes. Wuding also sent troops to conquer the Yi side in the east and Jingchu, Pakistan and Hufang in the south. The wars against more than 50 neighboring countries and tribes gained a large number of slaves and expanded the territory of the Shang Dynasty, which was called "Wuding Zhongxing" in history. With the development of slavery, the class contradictions within the Shang Dynasty and with neighboring tribes deepened. After Zujia, the Shang Dynasty began to decline from prosperity. When the kings of the Shang Dynasty, such as Wu Yi and Wen Ding, formed three divisions of right, middle and left, they continued their foreign conquest in an attempt to save the decline of the Shang Dynasty. At the end of Shang Dynasty, faced with the threats from Dongyi and Zhou Fang in the east and west, the Shang kings Di Yi and Zhou Wang fought against Dongyi with all their strength and launched a long-term war. Although they won, they lost their national strength and created opportunities for Zhou Dongjin. Zhou Wenwang waged a series of wars, which cut off the wings of Shang Dynasty and laid the foundation for the destruction of Shang Dynasty. With the strategy of taking advantage of weakness to break, Zhou Wuwang led an army to attack merchants and launched the first large-scale car war in ancient history, namely the Makino War. The 600-year rule of Shang dynasty was destroyed by the collapse of Shang army, which opened a historical chapter of Western Zhou Dynasty.

At the beginning of the founding of the Western Zhou Dynasty, faced with internal troubles and foreign invasion, Shang tribes with residual strength attempted to restore. The Duke of Zhou adopted the strategy of advancing one by one and dividing one by one to quell the rebellion and sweep away the remnants of Yin and Shang Dynasties. When Kang Wang was in power, he established the capital of East China, enfeoffed governors and expanded his army. The system of rites and music made the Western Zhou Dynasty an unprecedented slavery dynasty. King Cheng sent troops to attack Jingchu, and Kang Wang ordered Apollo to lead an army to attack the ghost face. It can be seen that the Zhou Dynasty is thriving and conquering all directions. Zhao Haoqi and King Mu went on a large-scale foreign expedition. King Zhao of Zhou attacked Jingchu and ended up with the death of his teacher. Going to the Western Ocean and conquering Xu in the south is because "those who are short of it will not come" (Historical Records of Zhou Benji), which first showed the signs of the Western Zhou Dynasty from prosperity to decline. Since the King of * * * and the King of Yi, the situation of the country has declined, and neighboring countries and tribes have been constantly harassing, forcing the kings to fight frequently in the late Western Zhou Dynasty. Zhou Liwang's victory in the battle with Ogilvy depended on noble soldiers, which reflected the weakness of the royal army. The battle against Zhou was fought with. Although he won many battles, the Zhou Dynasty was exhausted. The foreign war deepened the social crisis, triggered the "China Uprising" in Zhou Dynasty, and impacted the slavery dynasty. The "Zhongxing" weather in Zhou Xuanwang's southern expedition and northern expedition is just the afterglow of the sunset in the Zhou Dynasty. In Zhou Youwang, political corruption, frequent natural disasters, warlord defection and invasion by Rong Di. Under the joint attack of Shen, Qian and other princes and dogs, you Wang was defeated and killed, the Western Zhou Dynasty perished, and slavery began to decline.

The ancient wars of three generations were the birthplace of Chinese civilization and the historical lever of the progress of slavery society. The emergence and development of the war itself has continuously expanded the army with the slave owners and nobles as the backbone, and the military system has gradually formed from scratch. People summed up the experience of war, and the earliest military works, Military Records and Military Science, appeared, and military science began to be born. China's military, as an independent field, was established in three ancient wars and became the source of development for thousands of years.

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1: the battle of the northern system (7 18 BC)

Zheng, the first rising country in the Central Plains, actively expanded outward and sent troops to attack neighboring countries to defend the country. Wei quickly sent troops from the Southern Yan State to counter Zheng's attack. Zheng Jun went north and met Southern Yan Army before going abroad. Send three armies, Zu and Zi Yuan, to approach the Yan Army from the front, so as to attract the attention of the Yan Army. Another passer-by, Ma Bo and Zi Yuan, secretly detoured to the north of the Yan Army (now Bashui Town, Henan Province). Yan Jun did not understand Zheng Jun's intention and deployment. He thought the terrain in the north was dangerous and let his guard down. He still follows the traditional frontal attack tactics, focusing on attacking the frontal enemy. In June, Mambo and Zi Yuan unexpectedly occupied Yan Jun, and suddenly attacked from behind, crushing Yan Jun. This is the first time in the history books to record the case of winning by killing the enemy in a roundabout way, and it has always been a lesson for future generations to use troops.

2. Battle of Beirong (7 14 BC)

In the early Spring and Autumn Period, the Rong people living in northern Zheng were collectively called Beirong. In the sixth year of King Huan of Zhou Dynasty (7 14 BC), Beirong took advantage of the scuffle between the vassal states of the Central Plains and attacked Zheng in the south. Beirong has many infantry, flexibility and chariots, which are limited by the terrain. Zheng Zhuanggong's enemies attacked themselves in a roundabout way and asked the minister for advice on how to defend themselves. It suddenly occurred to the son that the equipment of the northern jungle army was light, but it was untidy and insatiable, unwilling to yield to victory and unable to rescue the defeated troops. He advocated using the tactics of luring the enemy deep and setting an ambush to annihilate the enemy. Duke Zhuang adopted the advice of Gongzi Tu, selected some troops to take on the task of luring the enemy, and sent doctors to lead Zhu Yong (riding alone) to ambush the enemy in three ways. After the war, Zheng Jun had a little contact with the enemy, that is, he pretended to be defeated and abandoned a lot of property. Rong Jun's former team saw the benefits available and was eager to give up, so they were lured into the tight encirclement. Zheng suddenly launched an attack, cutting the enemy into several sections and destroying them all. When the enemy's rear team saw that the front team was wiped out, they fled for their lives. Zheng Jun pursued the victory and defeated Rong Jun. ..

3: The Battle of Yake (707 BC)

In the early years of the Spring and Autumn Period, he bossed around and held the emperor in order to make the princes, and he didn't care about Zhou Tianzi at all. The contradiction between Zhou and Zheng is getting deeper and deeper. In the autumn of the thirteenth year of King Huan of Zhou (707 BC), King Huan mobilized the armies of Chen, Cai and Wei to jointly attack Zheng and fight against Zige (now northeast of Changge, Henan). Zhou divided his troops into three ways: Cai and Wei Jun were attached to the right army, and Chen was attached, leading the army. Zheng Jun was also divided into three armies, and decided to attack Zhou Jun's weak wings first, and then concentrated his forces on Zhong Jun. Zheng Zhuanggong also changed the traditional battle formation of chariots into "Fish-Beauty Array", that is, the infantry followed by the original vehicles were distributed on the left, right and back sides of the chariots, which filled the gap between the chariots, achieved the effect of coordination and mutual cover, and made the attack and defense more comfortable. At the beginning of the war, Zheng Junxian attacked from two wings, and Chen Jun collapsed at the touch of a button. Cai and Wei Jun fled in succession, and Zhou Jun left and right chaos and became more isolated. Subsequently, Zheng Jun attacked Zhou from the left and right, and his main force also went into battle. Be attacked on Wednesday. Wang Zhongjian was injured, so he quit soon. Since then, the prestige of the Zhou royal family has been discredited and the powers have been arguing constantly.

4: Battle of the Long Spoon

Qilu Army engaged Yu Changshao (now the northern part of Qufu, Shandong Province, which is said to be the northeast of Laiwu), and Duke Zhuang of Lu immediately ordered drums to meet them, which was dissuaded by Cao Gui. Cao Gui knew that Ji Jiang was weak and would never start first. When the Qi army saw that the Lu army was on hold, they forced them to drum twice to attack, but it didn't work because the Lu army was in chaos. After two attacks, the Qi army was not only exhausted, but also depressed. When the Qi army beat the drums for the third time, it was already exhausted and its combat effectiveness was greatly weakened. Cao Gui seized the opportunity and suggested that Zhuanggong fight back. The Lu army "assembled" and defeated the Qi army. Zhuang Gong ordered the pursuit, but was dissuaded by Cao Gui. Cao Gui was afraid that the Qi army would pretend to be defeated and ambush, so he got off the bus and personally checked the rut marks of the Qi army, climbed onto the crossbar in front of the car and looked at the flag of the Qi army. After confirming that the Qi army was indeed defeated, he asked Zhuang Gong to order the pursuit and expel the Qi army from the country. Chairman Mao cited the example of the Battle of the Long Spoon in his book "Strategic Issues of China Revolutionary War". He said: "During the Spring and Autumn Period, Lu and Qi fought. At first, Duke Zhuang of Lu wanted to go to war before Qi was exhausted. Later, he was stopped, and the policy of "When the enemy was tired, he defeated Qi" was adopted, which led to a famous war example in the history of China War. "

5: The Battle of Destroying Guo (658 BC)

In the early Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Jin expanded to Gong Xian and actively expanded its army and territory. In order to seize the important place of Guo Xin (the country, both of which are in Yang, is now in Shan County, Henan Province), and Henan (now in the north of Shanxi Province) is adjacent to Guo's northern border, which is the only way for Jin State to attack Wei State, so it is decided to attack Guo in the south. Afraid that the two countries would unite to fight against Jin, they adopted the plan of doctors taking a ten-day break and dividing them one by one, first borrowing from them and then waiting for an opportunity to destroy them. In the 19th year of King Hui of Zhou (658 BC), Xun was sent to attack Guo with precious gifts such as beautiful women and horses. Being greedy for profit, he was deceived by Xun's rhetoric. He refused to listen to the minister's advice, not only promised to borrow money, but also volunteered to be the pioneer in attacking Guo. In the summer of that year, the joint forces of Jin and Yu captured xia yang (now Pinglu, Shanxi Province), an important town of Guo, which enabled Jin to control the traffic arteries between Guo and Yu. Twenty-two years later, Jin repeated his old tricks and borrowed money from Yu. Gong explained that Guo and Yu are geographically linked and have great interests. If Guo dies, Yu will die, too, and he advised never to agree to borrow the road. However, Yu believes that Jin and Yu belong to the same family, and they don't bully each other and refuse to listen to advice. On October 17th, 8 jin j besieged yu. /kloc-in early February, the city was destroyed. After that, the golden slate temporarily stayed in Guozhou to have a rest. The Jin army took advantage of the opportunity to launch a surprise attack, captured Yugong and destroyed his country. Guo's painful lessons and the fear of national subjugation strengthened the idea that the weak countries in later generations should unite against the powerful countries.

6: The Battle of the Flood (638 BC)

In the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, after Qi Huangong's death, the Central Plains lost its hegemony, and the weak Song State overreached itself, representing Qi State for hegemony. In the 14th year of King Xiang of Zhou (638 BC), he joined forces with Wei, Xu and Teng to send troops to attack Zheng who had surrendered to Chu. Zheng asked the king of Chu for help, and the king of Chu sent troops to attack Song to save Zheng. When he heard the news, he quickly quit Zheng and went home to face the Chu army. On the first day of November, the two armies reached the banks of Hongshui (now the north of Tuocheng, Henan Province). Song Jun has been deployed on the north shore, where there is a natural water barrier. When the Chu army crossed the river, Fu Gongsun-gu, who assisted in directing operations, suggested attacking the Chu army. On the other hand, Song Xianggong thought that the teacher of benevolence and righteousness "does not push others", and rejected the suggestion that Gongsungu became a monk halfway. After the Chu army crossed the river, there was no formation and chaos. GongSunGu suggested that Song Xianggong ordered the attack. Item recognizes that "you can't form an array without beating drums", that is, you can't attack the enemy without forming a good array. This is an ancient combat method. This old saying is absolutely inviolable and rejects Sun Gu's suggestion. It was not until the Chu army lined up that Xianggong ordered the attack. As a result, Song Jun was defeated, Xiang Gong was seriously injured and died soon.

7: The Battle of Chengpu (634 BC)

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin and Chu fought for the hegemony of the Central Plains. In order to prevent Jin from going south, Chu formed an alliance with neighboring Cao and Wei as an outpost against Jin. In the winter of the 19th year of King Xiang of Zhou (634 BC), King Chu joined forces with Zheng, Chen, Cai and Xu to attack Shangqiu, the capital of the Song Dynasty. Song turned to Jin for help, but Cao and Wei were attacked by Jin and Song. Seeing the strength of the Chu-Han allied forces and fearing that the expedition would be unfavorable to Jin, they decided to attack the weak Cao and Wei first. The State of Chu saw through the attempt of the State of Jin and remained unmoved, continuing to besiege the Song capital. Song sent someone for help again. Jin Wengong embarrassed, don't save, Jin Song will break up, is equal to give up hegemony; Save it, if you go deep alone, you are not sure of winning; I want to ask Qi and Qin for help, but I'm afraid they won't agree. Later, Marshal's plan was adopted: let Song bribe Qi and Qin, and let them persuade Chu to withdraw their troops and give part of Cao and Wei's land to Song. When Chu saw that the allied land was occupied by Song, it would definitely refuse Chyi Chin's mediation, thus deepening the contradiction between Chyi Chin and Chu, dispelling their wait-and-see attitude, standing on the side of Jin, and at the same time cutting off Song's idea of surrendering to Chu. Later, as expected by Jin, Jin, Qi, Qin and Song joined forces to resist Chu.

8: Battle of Kans (628 BC)

In the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, Qin wanted to dominate the Central Plains, and the road to the east was blocked by Jin. In the twenty-fourth year of King Xiang of Zhou (628 BC), he learned of the new loss of the monarch of the State of Zheng and the State of Jin, did not listen to the minister's dissuasion, and decided to sneak up on Zheng across the territory of the State of Jin. Duke Xiang of Jin was determined to attack the State of Qin in order to maintain hegemony. In order not to disturb, when he returned to Li, he was going to ambush him in the dangerous area of the hill. In December, Qin sent Meng and others to attack Zheng. In the spring of the following year, they successfully passed Xiaoshanguan, crossed the southern border of the Jin army, and reached Slip (now southeast of Yanshi, Henan Province), where they met a businessman from the State of Zheng who sold cattle in Zhou. The alert string height concluded that it must have attacked Zheng, that is, while pretending to be Zheng's envoy, he rewarded him and sent someone back to China to call the police. Meng thought that Zheng was prepared and did not dare to enter again, so he led his troops back to camp. The State of Jin investigated this and ordered Xian Zhen to lead an army to the hill secretly, and contacted the local Jiang Rong to ambush on both sides of the pass. Qin Jun returned to Xiaoshan, because he didn't know the enemy's situation, and he was not alert. Jin Jian has all entered the ambush area, immediately blocked both ends of the canyon and suddenly launched a storm. Duke Xiang of Jin was in mourning, and all the soldiers fought bravely to kill the enemy. Qin Jun was trapped in the pass, unable to advance or retreat, and was completely annihilated.

9: Battle of Thailand (597 BC)

In the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, after the succession, the country became stronger and stronger, and the struggle with Jin became increasingly fierce. Zheng, located in the Central Plains, became the focus of contention between the two countries. In June of the tenth year of Zhou Ding (597 BC), he led an army to attack Xinzheng, the capital of Zheng, and Zheng surrendered to Chu. When Chu besieged Zheng, Duke Jing of Jin sent Marshal Xun to lead the upper, middle and lower armed forces to save Zheng. Go to the Yellow River. Xun, who didn't want to have a decisive battle with Chu, heard that Zheng had surrendered to Chu, that is, he wanted to return to Li. However, the first lieutenant (Lake) was afraid of losing the hegemony of Jin, opposed to avoiding the war and surrendering to Li, refused to surrender, and led him across the river. Xun was afraid of committing the crime of "losing the owner" and was forced to order the whole army to cross the river. Enter the post station (northeast of Yang Rong) and camp. When the Chu army entered Shandong (salt, now north of Zhengzhou), it was learned that the Jin army had crossed the river to attack. Thinking that the purpose of this trip had been achieved, neither Sun Shuai nor Sun Shuai had any intention of fighting Jin, so they led the army to withdraw to the south. Later, Wu Shen advised Zhuang Wang that Xun Lin's father was newly appointed and the public security was not good. When the generals fight, the Jin army will fail. We are the king of a big country, and it is a shame for our country to avoid a war with the minister of Jin. After listening to this, King Zhuang ordered to stop retreating, determined to defeat the Jin army and strengthen Zheng's attachment to the State of Chu.

Zheng was asked to send people to the camp of the Jin army to persuade the war to deepen the internal contradictions of the Jin army. Sure enough, in the Jin War, the two factions were sharply opposed and deadlocked, and Xun was at a loss. In order to paralyze the Jin army, King Zhuang sent people to Jinying twice for peace, so as to get ready. Xun Linfu was not sure of victory because he refused to obey orders, and was confused by the illusion that Chu sent envoys to make peace many times. He didn't make any preparations for the battle. In order to transfer troops as soon as possible, he agreed on an alliance period with the Chu envoys. Chu Zhuangwang saw that the time was ripe, and in order to anger the main battle generals of 8 Jin Army, he deliberately sent people to attack Jin Ying. Unsettled, Xun made an alliance with Chu with all his heart, accepted the requests of Qi and Zhan, and went to Chu camp to form an alliance, but went to challenge because of personal grievances. The generals of the Jin army knew that their trip would anger the Chu army, so they laid an ambush under Aoshan to prevent accidents. Wei Qi went to Chuying and was driven away. Zhao Fang once again led the army into Chuying, and Chu Zhuangwang immediately led 30 chariots to chase Zhao Fang. Sun Shuai mistakenly thought that King Zhuang had fallen into the hands of Jin Jun, so he led the three armies to attack. Xun was waiting for the alliance of Chu envoys. When he heard that the Chu army was approaching, he panicked and ordered the whole army to retreat. The Chu army launched an all-out attack, and the Jin army completely lost its command and suffered heavy casualties. Only when Kim lies in ambush and does not move, can this be preserved and retreat calmly. The Chu army successfully entered the secluded place and soon returned home in triumph. After this battle, Jin of the Chu Dynasty won the hegemony of the Central Plains.

10: Battle of Saddle (59 BC1)

After the Battle of Tai, the hegemony of Jin declined. After Gong Jing succeeded to the throne, he conscientiously summed up the experience and lessons, made great efforts to win over Qi, which had a good relationship with Chu, and turned his back on Jin. However, seeing that the State of Jin could not defeat Chu and was a big country, Duke Qing of Qi was extremely rude to the envoys of the State of Jin. In the 16th year of Zhou Ding (59 BC1), Jin and Wei jointly attacked Qi, forcing Qi to form an alliance with Jin. Qi and Lu became enemies because of the border dispute. In the eighteenth year, Qi betrayed the State of Jin, joined forces with Chu to attack the State of Lu, which was allied with the State of Jin, and defeated the patriotic army that helped the State of Lu. Seeing that Jin could not unify Qi, at the request of Lu and Wei, Zou Ke was sent to attack Qi with 800 chariots and Rong infantry. When Qi Qinggong heard the news, he withdrew eastward, and Jin, Lu and Wei joined forces to catch up with Mi Fei Mountain. On June 17th, the two armies formed saddles (now northwest of Jinan). Qi Qinggong was eager to win, relying on the bravery of the Qi army and despising the Jin army, and led troops to attack the Jin army without armor. In the fierce battle, the coach of the Jin army, York, was shot by an arrow, unable to support himself and wanted to return to the camp. Although the driver was also injured, he still insisted on driving with one hand, drummed on behalf of Yuke, cooperated with Zheng Qiu of right-hand drive, encouraged the Jin army to fight bravely, and finally defeated the Qi army. Qi Qinggong led the beaten army to retreat, and the allied forces chased all the way to Linzi, the capital of Qi (now northeast of Zibo), forcing Qi to cede territory for peace and form an alliance with Jin.

1 1: The Battle of Yanling

In the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin and Chu fought for hegemony in the Central Plains. In the seventh year of Zhou Jianwang (579 BC), the two sides made peace, but they were not sincere. In ten years, Chu attacked Zheng and Wei, located in the Central Plains, forcing Zheng to rebel from Jin and follow Chu. The following year, determined to regain his glory, he led his troops to attack Zheng. The king of Chu * * * got the news and led the soldiers of Chu army to save Zheng. The two armies fought in Yanling, Zhengdi (now northwest of Yanling, Henan).

King * * * of Chu wanted to make a quick decision with superior forces before the arrival of aid from the Qi, Lu, Song and Wei armies, so he chose a dark day in ancient times when fighting was the most taboo-June 29th, and used the morning fog to cover the Chu army's approach to Jinying. There is a swamp in front of the golden army camp, and the chariot is inconvenient to maneuver. The situation is very unfavorable. Some generals advocate sticking to aid Korea and not going to war for the time being. However, Jin Li recognized that it took time for reinforcements to arrive, and the battlefield situation was changing rapidly and unpredictable. He was determined to fight against Chu. Therefore, he ruled out the idea of not fighting, and adopted the plan of soldiers: deploying troops in the camp, and immediately began to improve the conditions, ordered the wells and stoves in the camp to be filled up, expanded the space, and arranged the upper, middle, lower and new fourth armies in array on the spot. This not only solves the difficulty of leaving the camp, but also hides its own deployment adjustment. Chu * * * Wang Dengche observed 8 jin j, see along while is beside the point. Accompanied by Miao Zui (Ben), an old minister of Chu, Jin Ligong inspected the Chu army. In view of the fact that the elite of the Chu army is concentrated in the Han army, Miao Zui suggested dividing the elite of the Jin army into two wings, attacking the weak left and right armies of the Chu army first, and then concentrating forces to surround the Han army. Gong Li took his advice and quickly adjusted his deployment. 8 jin j pre-emptively, launched an attack, and advanced along both sides of the swamp. Li Keba, king of Chu * * *, led the royal personnel carrier and attacked, was shot in the left eye by Dr. Jin, and was forced to retreat, failing to support the two wings in time. Chu Jun learned that * * * Wang was injured. The military wavered. The Jin army stormed the left and right armies of Chu. Chu right army and the first to retreat, spread to China and Zuo Jun, Chu army chaos, heavy casualties. The son was captured and had to retreat. Kim also stopped attacking. After this war, although the Chu army was defeated, its main force remained the same, so it took advantage of the night to actively trim its weapons and replenish its troops, preparing to fight again tomorrow. The king of Chu * * * called the general Zifan to discuss how to deal with the enemy. Zifan was unable to discuss and command the battle because of drunkenness, and the odds were not good, so he led the army to Li Jinfa.

12: The Battle of Chicken Father (At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Wu Chu fought for hegemony in Jianghuai. In the first year of Zhou dynasty (5 19 BC), he led Gongzi Guang to send troops to attack Chuzhou (now Fengtai, Anhui). This is the only place where Wu entered the west by land. It fell into the hands of the State of Wu twice and was later returned to the State of Chu. When King Chu Ping saw another attack, he sent Sima to lead the allied forces of Chu, Dun, Hu, Shen, Cai, Chen and Xu to help. Your son Yin Zi was once a defective governor, but unfortunately he died on the way. Yue Wei withdrew to Chicken Father (now Gushi East, Henan Province) with a great army. At this point, Wu Jun has been transferred from a heavily guarded place. The prince of Wu saw that the Chu army was strong and hesitated whether to enter again. Gong Ziguang believes that although the enemy is outnumbered and the people's hearts are uneven, the commander-in-chief has recently lost his relatives, and Yue Weiwei's trust is not high and the order is not good. As long as the division breaks the weak enemy first, it will surely win by surprise. The prince of Wu took his advice, went on with his troops, and chose the most taboo day in ancient times-July 29th, a dark day, and suddenly appeared on the battlefield of Chicken Father. Yue Wei rushed to the battlefield and let the Sixth Army cover the Chu Army behind him. The prince of Wu ordered 3,000 prisoners to lure the enemy and attack the armies of Hu, Shen and Chen first. As a result, the lured troops collapsed at the touch of a button, and Hu, Shen and Chen's troops desperately wanted to be captured, and the war situation was in chaos. Wu Jun's main force seized the opportunity to attack, captured Hu, Chen Dafu Nie alive, and then released Hu and Shen's prisoners, so that they fled to Xu, Cai and Dunjun to page "The monarch was killed". Wu Jun took the opportunity to shout and shake, and the armed forces shook and fled in panic. The Chu army lost its cover, had no array, and fled knowing defeat. Wu Jun captured Dengzhou.

5 19 BC)

13: The Battle of the White Pony (5 15 BC)

At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Wu rose and competed with Chu for hegemony for a long time. On Friday (5 15 BC), after he succeeded to the throne, He Lv adopted a policy of hating and mistaking Chu and sent guerrillas to harass Chu for six years, which made Chu exhausted and greatly weakened the combat effectiveness of Chu army.

14: Battle of Gusu (494 BC)

In the 26th year of the Zhou Dynasty (494 BC), Wu Yue fell in love with World War I, and the more he lost, the more he made peace, and the country did not die. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, was held hostage in Wu for three years and suffered humiliation. After returning home, he tried his best to preserve his national strength and devoted himself to destroying Wu. There is a story about "sleeping on salary and savoring courage". Vietnam has established good relations with foreign countries such as Qi, Chu and Jin, and adopted various methods to paralyze Wu, encouraging Wu to seek hegemony in the Central Plains in order to consume national strength.

Battle of Lize (478 BC)

In the Battle of Gusu, Wu was almost destroyed, and the strength of the two countries changed greatly. Due to years of war and financial exhaustion, Wu was forced to adopt the policy of "stopping the people from retreating" in an attempt to restore national strength. . . (short)

16: the merger of the seven heroes in the warring States period

The spring and autumn period of great powers' hegemony entered the Warring States period (475 BC to 22 BC1year), which was the inevitable result of the war to promote social change. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin, Chu, Qi and Yue confronted each other. Countries have changed from slavery to feudalism, and the struggle of the emerging landlord class to seize power and merge is unprecedented fierce. Jin disintegrated in the transformation, and finally formed "three ethnic groups divided into Jin", and Wei, Zhao and Han became three independent feudal regimes. Qi was replaced by Tian, the representative of the emerging landlord class. Chu, Qin and Yan in remote areas eventually became feudal regimes. Due to the slow development, the State of Yue was destroyed by the State of Chu. There are more than a dozen weak vassal States between Huaihe River and Surabaya. Wei, Zhao, Han, Qi, Chu, Qin and Yan all have good conditions and strong strength, and are called "Seven Heroes of the Warring States" in history. These seven great powers have been fighting for population and land for many years. Its development process can be roughly divided into two periods and five stages.

In the early stage, it was mainly a war between big powers to control, annex small countries or seize strategic places, but the merger war between big powers has not been fully launched. It mainly includes two stages:

The ruling stage of Wei. After Wei Zhaohan was divided into Jin, Wei occupied a rich and dangerous place in the southwest of Jin, and after reform, it quickly became strong. Hou Wen and Wuhou United Korea and Zhao, and expanded in all directions: they seized the land west of Qin State (now the area between the south section of Beiluo River in Shaanxi Province and the Yellow River); Crossing the border of Zhao in the north to destroy Zhongshan; Attack Qi to the east and enter Qi Great Wall; Take Chu to the south until the north of Fangcheng. Wei Ming was shocked for a while and dominated the Central Plains.

Wei and Qi competed for hegemony. After Han and Zhao helped Wei to take the lead, they didn't get any benefits, and each sought development, which led to the breakdown of the alliance and a big fight. At this time, Wei Dong's Qi State and Western Qin gradually rose. In order to get rid of Wei's control, Qi Huangong conquered the vassal states near the upper reaches of Surabaya and fought with Wei. In order to recapture Hexi area occupied by Wei, Qin defeated Wei Jun twice and shook the Central Plains. In Wei Huiwang, in order to break the situation that Chyi Chin was sandwiched between the East and the West, it also brought in North Korea and Zhao, temporarily easing the contradictions among the three countries. But soon, Zhao joined forces with Qi, Song and Yan to fight against Wei. Qi Weiwang used the contradiction between Zhao and Wei to dominate the Central Plains. In the fifteenth year of Zhou Xian (354 BC), Wei Fabing attacked Zhao to defend the country. Zhao asked for help. The Qi army led by Tian Ji and Sun Fu defeated Wei Jun in the Battle of Guiling, and created the tactics of "encircling Wei to save Zhao". Qi and Qin also took the opportunity to seize Wei. Because South Korea boycotted its alliance, Wei Huiwang sent troops to attack South Korea in the twenty-seventh year of King Xian of Zhou. South Korea turned to Qi for help. In the Battle of Maling, the Qi army lured the enemy by cutting the stove, ambushed and wiped out 65,438+10,000 people in Wei Jun, and since then, Qi has dominated the Central Plains. At the same time of the battle between Qi and Wei, the State of Qin reused Shang Yang's political reform, and the country became stronger and stronger, expanding eastward and defeating Wei Jun twice, forcing the State of Wei to unite with the State of Qi against the State of Qin again. Thirty-five years after Zhou Xianwang War, the war of annexation became more complicated and fierce. Simple. . .

17: Qin destroyed six countries.

After the battle of Changping, the six countries were all weak and had no power to resist Qin. Countries only want to protect themselves and even attack each other, so it is difficult to form a joint force against Qin. Qin, on the other hand, insisted on the strategy of making distant friends and attacking near, and seized large areas of land from Korea, Wei and Zhao. By the fifth year of the King of Qin (242 BC), the territory of Chyi Chin had been bordered, which blocked the connection between Zhao and Chu, and surrounded Korea and Cheng Wei on three sides. The conditions for Qin to destroy the six countries are ripe. The king of Qin adopted the minister's suggestion, taking destroying the alliance of the six countries as the guiding ideology, and focused on attacking Zhao and Chu. During the eleventh to fifteenth years of the King of Qin, the State of Qin sent troops to attack the State of Zhao four times, which started the unification war. The Qin army won first, and then was defeated by Li Mu, the general of Zhao. Qin turned to the weak South Korea and destroyed it in seventeen years. At this time, Zhao was devastated, and Qin took the opportunity to implement double-faced spies, get rid of Li Mu, and destroyed Zhao in seventeen years. Zhao Gongzi Jia came to this generation (now northeast of Yuxian County, Hebei Province) and became king on his own. Then, Qin Jun hit the main force of the Yan army again, while Wang Jia and Wang Jia retreated to Liaodong County. In twenty-two years, the first army of Qin destroyed Wei, and then 300,000 troops attacked Chu from north to south, only to be defeated. The late veteran Wang Jian led 600,000 troops to attack the State of Chu again, and finally the State of Chu perished. Twenty-five years later, the remnants of Yanzhao were swept away, leaving only Qi. Twenty-six years, to avoid the positive defense of Qi, from Yan south, captured the capital of Qi in one fell swoop. At this point, all six countries are equal, and finally the great cause of reunification will be achieved.

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From here on, due to the limitation of the number of words to answer, I will only list the names of the campaign for you.

18: The Battle of Jinyang (455 BC)

19: The Battle of Guiling (354 BC)

20: Battle of Maling (445 BC)

2 1: the battle of yique (293 BC)

22: The Battle of Breaking Qi (3 14 BC)

23: The Battle of Jimo (284 BC)

24: The Battle of Yan Ying (279 BC)

25th; Lu attacked it (269 BC)

26: The Battle of Changping (forty-six years in Zhou Nanwang)

27: Battle of Handan (260 BC)