Characteristics of mortar

On the plane of the mortar, most of them are round, nearly round, oval and irregular. Some are like gourds. Shapes are mortar-shaped, dish-shaped, basin-shaped and spoon-shaped. There are also similar "funnel", "vertex", "board wall" and "dragon paw print".

Among them, the deep mortar mouth is small, the abdomen is large and the bottom is flat. There is a gap (or opening) on the upper edge of the mouth, big or small, deep or shallow. Generally, the width of mortar mouth is about 0.3 ~ 2.5m, and the depth is about 0.1~ 2.7m.. The maximum diameter is 18.5m, and the depth is 7.5m. The minimum diameter is only 1 cm, which is similar to the size of general buttons. Research value skin color is the protective color of human beings. At that time, some ancient humans moved from the glacier-covered mountains to the plains and began to live on the yellow land, thus forming a "Loess Development Zone" in East Asia, especially in North China. In order to adapt to the rolling yellow sand and hunting conditions, ancient humans gradually produced yellow to protect skin color. In northern Europe, because the south is the Mediterranean Sea, when the ancient people could not retreat, they had to adapt to the extremely cold "white world", and the intense radiation of ice and snow made the ancient people's skin white and "became the original type of white-skinned people".

Before the global cooling, human skin color should be black. In central Africa, although the temperature has dropped significantly, it still belongs to the tropical rain forest development area. The dark environment in the dim tropical rain forest kept the original black skin of ancient humans. It can be seen that the study of this mortar has important scientific value for exploring the formation of human skin color. The extreme weather in the future will not be surprising.

"The discovery of Bailongtan mortar is of great scientific value and academic significance." It can be seen that it is not surprising that extreme weather occurs frequently around the world. We must be psychologically prepared, and the future may face an extreme climate that has never happened in a thousand years. "

Molluscs

The largest molar group in the world-Daqingshan molar group in Inner Mongolia

Daqingshan Ice Mortar Group is located in the north of Guandongche Village, Xinjing Township, Hexigten Banner, Inner Mongolia. It is 220 kilometers away from the central city of Chifeng and 30 kilometers away from Zhanjing Town. At an altitude of 1 0,500 meters, there are more than 2 kilometers of large and small ice mortars 1 0,000, which is rare in the world. It is called the world's largest group of glacial molars. Most of them are round, nearly round and oval, with irregular shapes on the plane. Some are like gourds, some are like plum blossoms and some are like melon seeds. Generally, the mortar mouth is slightly smaller, the middle and lower parts are larger, and the bottom is mostly flat or slightly concave. Shapes are mortar, dish, basin and spoon.

Some mortars are as clean as washing, without any residue and filler, but there are also many mortars filled with dusty loess materials, which have been covered with flowers, trees and shrubs, forming "natural bonsai" of different sizes, which are placed on the hard and flat granite ridge. It is very spectacular and gives people great magic and mystery. The locals named it "nine cylinders and eighteen pots" a long time ago. Geological authorities said: The Quaternary glacial remains in Daqingshan Mountain are the most abundant, widely distributed, the highest altitude, the best preserved and the most obvious features found in China. There is a strange "mortar sister". Mortars are mostly I ~ 3 meters in diameter, the largest can reach 10 meters or more, and the depth is mostly 0.5~l.5 meters. There are also glacier landforms such as stone glaciers, stone forests, tinder, stone rivers and blade ridges on the surrounding mountains. 1998, it was developed into an igloo park. Climbing stairs is like climbing Mount Tai, and climbing to the top is like driving a cloud into a fairyland.

Academic circles are still discussing the causes of this natural pothole, including the theory of "Glacier Cause" represented by Professor Han Tonglin of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, the theory of "Weathering Cause" represented by some scholars in Peking University, and the theory of both glacier and weathering. The purpose of discussing its causes is to discuss the evolution of the earth's climate environment, which is conducive to predicting and coping with future climate changes. Therefore, the Daqingshan Ice Mortar Group has high ornamental, scientific research and popular science value. It has now become an inseparable part of the Keshiketeng World Geopark. The distribution of mortar has been recorded sporadically in Huangshan, Lushan and Tibet in China, and there are also some reports in northern Europe, North America and Antarctica. A large number of mortars have been found in China since 1997, and they are also widely distributed from the northland with high latitude to Hainan Island and Guangdong with low latitude and low altitude. Chinese geologists have discovered a rare historical spectacle of mortar in Baiyun Mountain Provincial Scenic Spot in Fu 'an, Fujian, especially at the junction of Muyun Township and Xiaoyang Town in Fu 'an. These stone mortars are distributed on the riverbed thousands of meters downstream of Zhanxi River in Baiyun Mountain, and they are shaped like "funnel", "top chair", "board wall" and "dragon paw print", which is strong evidence of the existence of ancient glacier movement. It can be inferred that Fu 'an was covered by glaciers in the early Quaternary about 2 million to 3 million years ago. There are thousands of grotesque stone mortars in the riverbeds and canyons thousands of meters downstream of Zhanxi in Baiyun Mountain, Fu 'an City. They are cylindrical, bowl-shaped, basin-shaped, pot-shaped or cylindrical, just like an artistic grand view garden of modernist sculpture. A few days ago, a report about these stone mortars caused a sensation in China. Geological scientists in China judged that the stone mortar should be a spectacle of ice mortar. Professor Chen and Professor Researcher of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences check the mortar. They believe that the ancient glacier relic resources in Baiyun Mountain are concentrated and huge, which is unique in the history of investigation and discovery of glaciers and mortar, and they are fully qualified to declare the national or even world-class glacier relic geological park. In the past, there were sporadic records of mortar in Huangshan, Lushan and Tibet in China, and there were some reports in Northern Europe, North America and Antarctica.

Zhongyuan mortar

Zhongyuan Ice Mortar is located in Zhongyuan Township, Jing 'an County, Jiangxi Province. There are more than 500 "ice mortars" on an ancient river that stretches for 5 kilometers. Such a large number and scale of "glacier molars" are really rare. After comparing the relevant data, the local authorities believe that the "ice mortar" conforms to the characteristics of the ice mortar recorded in the data, and it is speculated that it is a relic of glacier movement two or three million years ago.

The "Ice Mortar Group" is located in a small valley surrounded by mountains in Gangkou Village, Zhongyuan Township. According to the investigators, from the scene, most of the "ice mortar" is characterized by a small mouth and a large bottom, and the plane of the mortar body is generally round, oval, spoon-shaped and irregular semicircle. The maximum diameter of the mortar is nearly 3m, and the minimum diameter exceeds10cm. The flat and spacious bedrock ice bed has been worn away.

Local villagers call these stone mortars distributed on the river bed "stone nests". There has always been a saying about Shiwo Waterfalls. It is said that it can only be found in the dry season. Because of the construction of power station in the upper reaches, large granite blocks are exposed in the river, so people can see such a strange, magnificent and more concentrated "stone nest" group. 20 10 On June 6th, the "ice mortar" landscape in Moqian Village, Daijiapu Township, suichuan county, Jiangxi Province was unique and spectacular.

Suichuan county's "ice mortar" landscape is located between two mountain canyons at an altitude of1.200m in Moqian Village. It is about 300 meters long and 20 meters wide. It has a flat top and a steep bottom. There are hundreds of "ice mortars" with different shapes and natural arcs. There are two "ice mortar" in the middle, the big one is called "Fairy Yaochi" and the small one is called "Maid Bath". It is reported that during the rainy season, the mountain stream goes straight down, and the "ice mortar" landscape forms a large and small waterfall group, with thousands of scenes. Discovery 10 A mortar was found in Bailongtan in October/0/0, located at 40 degrees 24 minutes 5 1.42 seconds north latitude and 0/6 degrees 14 east longitude.

With the on-the-spot investigation, experts have come to an amazing conclusion: this huge deep pool was originally the "ice mortar" of the ice age two or three million years ago, and it is the best preserved, largest, most spectacular and perfect one among the tens of thousands of ice mortars found in China. After identification, it is still one of the largest moulins found in the world, and it is the best in the moulin kingdom.

form

At that time, Yanqing area was covered by glaciers with a thickness of more than 1000 meters. During the melting of glaciers, water falls vertically and hits boulders to form huge pits. In Wang Baochuan Village of Changling Town and Liulimiao area of Huairou District, mortar with a depth of tens of centimeters to two or three meters has been found, but it is the first time to find such a deep mortar in Yanqing. It is worth mentioning that at the bottom of this giant mortar, there is a very strange "hill" with a height of more than 6 meters. After being washed and ground by the huge round gravel carried by glacier melt water, the surface of the hill is polished very accurately and feels very smooth.

meaning

This giant mortar is enough to prove that Yanqing and Beijing in ancient times, like the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets, were covered with ice and snow, with the ice thickness at least above 1000 meters and the temperature below-15℃. According to Han Tonglin's analysis, judging from the characteristics of global glacier climate change and the development of glaciers in low latitudes and low altitudes, only the largest glacier development period in the world can reach Yanqing and Peking, so the giant mortar of Bailongtan was formed in the early Quaternary about two or three million years ago.

The discovery of Bailongtan mortar has important scientific value and academic significance, which is not only beneficial to the study of paleoclimate and paleoenvironment, but also provides an important basis for the analysis and prediction of modern climate and environment. From large-scale glacier melting to global warming, the changes experienced during this period are considerable. It can be seen that it is not surprising that extreme weather occurs frequently around the world. We must be psychologically prepared, and the future may face an extreme climate that has never happened in a thousand years.