Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather forecast - Small knowledge of rain and snow safety in primary schools

Small knowledge of rain and snow safety in primary schools

1. Primary school students' anti-skid safety knowledge in winter

"Safety knowledge of primary school students' anti-skid in winter" education activities;

Because of the cold weather, the ground is easy to freeze, the road is slippery, and you can't run when you walk;

You can't make a snowman, have a snowball fight or roll snowballs on the road after it snows, which is unsafe, and it will also affect traffic and even cause a car accident;

How to deal with frozen hands and feet can prevent frostbite and ulceration.

Some beneficial fitness activities, such as skipping rope and kicking shuttlecock, can be carried out properly during school recess activities;

Be especially careful when walking on frozen roads to prevent falls and injuries, especially if you can't run after you are in a frozen place. If it snows, you can't have a snowball fight on campus to avoid hurting others.

Pay special attention to safety when queuing down the stairs. Don't crowd or collide with others. Go up and down the stairs on the right to prevent the stairs from being trampled.

In case of rain and snow, students on duty should not sprinkle water indoors and outdoors to avoid falling on the ground due to freezing.

2. What are the safety tips on snowy days?

howdy

How to pay attention to safety when cycling in rainy and snowy weather?

When riding a bike in rain and snow, you should also pay attention to the following points:

When riding in the rain, don't bury your head to avoid the rain.

2. When riding a bike in rainy days, you'd better wear a raincoat and poncho instead of riding a bike with an umbrella in one hand and a handle in the other.

3. When riding a bicycle in snowy days, don't inflate the bicycle tires too much, which will increase the friction with the ground and make it difficult to slip.

4. When riding a bike in snowy days, keep a large distance from the vehicles and pedestrians in front.

5. When riding a bike in snowy days, you should choose a flat road with no ice and shallow snow. Don't slam on the brakes, don't turn sharply, and turn as wide as possible.

6. Rain and snow. The road is muddy and slippery, so you should pay more attention when riding, and be prepared for emergencies at any time. The riding speed is slower than normal weather.

Answer over

:) Have a nice day.

3. Primary school students' knowledge of anti-skid safety in winter

Educational activities of "safety knowledge of primary school students' anti-skid in winter": due to the cold weather, the ground is easy to freeze and the road is slippery, so you can't run when walking; You can't make a snowman, have a snowball fight or roll snowballs on the road after it snows, which is unsafe, and it will also affect traffic and even cause a car accident; How to deal with frozen hands and feet can prevent frostbite and ulceration.

Some beneficial fitness activities, such as skipping rope and kicking shuttlecock, can be carried out properly during school recess activities; Be especially careful when walking on frozen roads to prevent falls and injuries, especially if you can't run after you are in a frozen place. If it snows, you can't have a snowball fight on campus to avoid hurting others. Pay special attention to safety when queuing down the stairs. Don't crowd or collide with others. Go up and down the stairs on the right to prevent the stairs from being trampled. In case of rain and snow, students on duty should not sprinkle water indoors and outdoors to avoid falling to the ground due to freezing.

4. What are the knowledge of outdoor sports safety education for primary school students in winter?

Winter is the season with frequent safety accidents. In order to strengthen the safety education for students, Sunzhuang Primary School issued a letter about winter safety to parents in time, communicated with parents in time, and created a safe, peaceful and happy living atmosphere for children.

And use the morning meeting time to educate students about winter safety knowledge of primary school students. How to pay attention to traffic safety: the ground is easy to freeze in rainy and snowy weather, and the road is slippery, so you can't run when walking; You can't make a snowman, have a snowball fight or roll snowballs on the road after it snows, which is unsafe and will affect traffic and even cause a car accident. During the break, you can do some beneficial fitness activities, such as skipping rope and kicking shuttlecock. If the road is frozen, be especially careful to prevent falls, especially not to chase; Pay special attention to safety when going down the stairs. Don't crowd or bump into others. Go up and down the stairs to the right to prevent accidents such as stepping on the stairs.

Combined with the current reality, students are educated in a series of contents, such as gas poisoning, fire prevention, electricity prevention, theft prevention, epidemic prevention, helium prevention, strawberry crush and personal injury prevention, anti-skid ice drowning and fall injury.

5. Anti-skid ice safety education in the third grade of primary school

Go to Baidu Library to check the full content >

Content from users: one way 168

Safety education of non-slip skating in the third grade of primary school

First, the introduction of dialogue. As pupils, what should we pay attention to? (Students speak freely) Second, explain the safety precautions in winter.

Recently, most areas in China have been hit by low-temperature snowstorms, and a wide range of bad weather has brought great inconvenience to our lives, especially traffic, to prevent accidents. At the same time, in view of the problem of rain and snow in winter, some safety precautions are put forward:

1. Anti-skid: Due to long-term heavy snow, the ground is covered with thick snow, and a smooth surface is formed after stepping on it. When the temperature is slightly higher, the ice begins to melt. Try to reduce the number of outings and avoid unnecessary accidents. If you really need to go out, wear non-slip shoes or tie an old cloth on your feet. It is not advisable to carry slender items such as umbrellas and sticks on your hands. 2, antifreeze: wear a warm coat when going out. Ears, nose and hands should not be exposed for a long time. 3, disease prevention: immediately after sweating, go indoors to dry the sweat with a dry towel, take off wet clothes, put on dry clothes, and take a hot bath when conditions permit. Keep the room ventilated for half an hour every day to prevent the breeding of cold viruses.

4, to achieve the "four noes" commitment, that is, not to go into the water, not to skate privately; Do not skate with classmates or salvage items in the water without authorization; Don't play by the canal without parental guidance; Don't skate in dangerous areas and ditches.

5. Don't ski on campus or on slopes, and don't chase and fight on campus.

Third, what should I do if my hands and feet are frozen? Going out in the cold winter often freezes your hands and feet. Hands and feet are frozen stiff, so don't bake on the fire or soak in hot water, which will form chilblain and even fester.

6. Primary school students' safety knowledge

How to prevent burns? Scalding is a common accident in life.

In family life, the most common thing is to be scalded by hot water and hot oil. How to prevent burns? 1. When removing the kettle and hot oil pan from the fire, wear a cloth pad for gloves to prevent direct burns; The kettle and hot oil pan under the end should be placed where people can't easily touch them.

2. Parents should not play and disturb around when cooking and frying food, in case of being scalded by spilled hot oil; Older students should pay attention to cooking, and don't drop water into hot oil, or hot oil will splash when it meets water, which will burn people. 3. Electric irons, heaters and other heating appliances at home will burn people, so be especially careful when using them, especially don't touch them casually.

How to use electricity safely? With the continuous improvement of living standards, there are more and more places to use electricity in life. Therefore, it is necessary for us to master the following basic safety knowledge: L. Know the main switch of power supply and learn to turn off the main power supply in an emergency.

2. Do not touch or test the inside of the power socket with your hands or conductive objects (such as wire, nails, pins and other metal products). 3. Don't touch the appliance with wet hands or wipe it with wet cloth.

4. Unplug the electrical appliance after use; Don't pull the wire when plugging and unplugging the power plug to prevent the insulation of the wire from being damaged and causing electric shock; The insulation layer of the wire is peeling off, so it is necessary to replace the wire in time or wrap it with insulating tape. 5. Find someone get an electric shock to try to turn off the power in time; Or use dry wooden sticks and other things to separate the electric shock victim from the charged electrical appliances, and don't save people directly by hand; Younger students should ask adults for help in this situation, and don't handle it by themselves to prevent electric shock.

6. Don't disassemble or install the power cord, socket and plug at will. Even if it is as simple as installing a light bulb, it should be turned off first and carried out under the guidance of parents.

How to use electrical appliances safely? Nowadays, TV sets, refrigerators, washing machines, electric irons, hair dryers, electric fans and other household appliances are increasingly entering the family. When using household appliances, besides using electricity safely, we should also pay attention to the following points: 1. Various household appliances have different uses and methods of use, and some of them are more complicated.

General household appliances should be studied and used under the guidance of parents, and dangerous appliances should not be used alone. 2. If there is smoke, sparks, burning smell, etc. , should immediately turn off the electrical appliances and stop using them.

3. Electric appliances such as hair dryers, rice cookers, electric irons and electric heaters will emit high heat when in use. Pay attention to stay away from flammable items such as paper and cotton cloth to prevent fire; At the same time, pay attention to avoid burns when using. 4. Avoid using electrical appliances in humid environment (such as toilet), and don't let electrical appliances get wet, which will not only damage electrical appliances, but also cause electric shock.

5. Fan blades of electric fans, dehydration cylinders of washing machines, etc. Rotate at high speed when working, and do not touch with hands or other objects to avoid injury. 6. In case of thunderstorm, please stop using the TV and unplug the outdoor antenna to prevent lightning strike.

7. Electrical appliances are easy to be damaged by moisture corrosion after being put on hold for a long time, so they need to be carefully checked before being reused. 8. When purchasing household appliances, you should choose qualified products with reliable quality.

How to pay attention to safety in indoor activities? There are many seemingly small things that deserve students' attention when they are doing indoor activities at home, otherwise, they are prone to danger. This mainly includes the following aspects: L. Collision avoidance.

At present, the living room space of most families is relatively small, and many household items such as furniture are placed, so don't chase and fight in the living room, do strenuous sports and games to prevent bumping and injury. 2. Anti-skid and anti-fall.

The living room floor is relatively smooth, so attention should be paid to prevent slipping and injury; When you need to climb up to clean and pick up things, please ask others to protect you and pay attention to prevent you from falling. 3. prevent falling.

If you live in a building, especially a high-rise building, don't lean out of the balcony or window to avoid the danger of falling. 4. Reverse extrusion.

Doors and windows of the living room, doors and drawers of furniture are easy to cover your hands when opening and closing, so be careful everywhere. 5. Fire prevention.

There are many flammable items in the room, such as wooden furniture, bedding curtains, books, etc., so pay attention to fire prevention. Don't play with fire casually in the room, let alone set off firecrackers in the room.

6. Prevent accidents and injuries. Sharp tools such as screwdrivers, knives and scissors, and stationery such as pushpins and pins should be properly stored after use. It should not be placed on the bed or chair at will to avoid accidental injury.

What should I do if I get burned? In case of burns in life, the following measures can be taken: 1. Mild burns and slight redness can be washed repeatedly with cold water and coated with some cool oil. 2. If there are blisters on the burn, don't break them. You can rub alcohol around the blisters and wrap them with clean gauze.

3. Serious burns should be sent to the hospital in time for diagnosis and treatment. 4. If the burn area is large, you should take off your clothes, shoes and socks as soon as possible, but you can't tear them off by force. If necessary, you should cut off your clothes. Pay special attention to the cleanliness of the scalded area after scalding, and do not apply external drugs or substitutes at will to prevent infection, which will increase the difficulty of treatment in the hospital.

The correct way is to take off the patient's clothes and wrap them with clean towels or sheets. What should I do if I suffer trauma? Injured, in serious condition, need to be sent to hospital for treatment.

Omitted, it can be handled as follows: 1. If there is bleeding in the wound, it is necessary to clean the wound, apply disinfectant and anti-inflammatory drugs for external use, such as anti-inflammatory powder, mercuric chloride, band-aid, etc. In addition, pay attention to: keep the wound warm and dry; You can eat eggs, lean meat, beans, milk and other foods rich in protein. Take vitamin C properly or eat more fresh vegetables and fruits; Change dressing reasonably and keep it clean.

Doing so is conducive to the healing of the wound. 2. Muscles, joints, ligaments and other sprains should not be immediately * * * or hot compress, so as not to aggravate subcutaneous bleeding and swelling.

Stop activities immediately, so that the injured part can get enough rest, and cold compress or soak in cold water. After 24 to 48 hours, subcutaneous bleeding stops, and then hot compress is carried out to promote the dissipation of blood stasis and eliminate swelling.

What should we pay attention to during recess activities? In the process of intense study every day, recess activities can play the role of relaxation, adjustment and proper rest.

7. What are the tips for winter safety?

Original publisher: SOSOLLL4

Safety precautions in winter Due to the particularity of its climate, some safety hazards often appear in winter. Therefore, before the arrival of winter, we should strengthen the study of winter safety knowledge, actively eliminate potential safety hazards and prevent unburned. 1. Production safety in winter 1. In winter, the temperature is low and the flexibility of the human body is reduced. Strictly abide by the safety operation rules and wear labor protection articles at work. When working in low temperature, you should pay attention to rest and keep warm to avoid the danger caused by limb frostbite. 2. It often snows in winter, and the surface of open-air metal equipment is prone to frost. When walking in a slippery place, be careful to walk slowly to prevent slipping. 3. In winter, due to the cold weather and more clothes, it is forbidden to get close to high-speed rotating equipment in order to avoid mechanical involvement and personal injury. Second, the winter fire safety 1. In winter, the probability of using high-power electrical appliances such as electric furnaces and water heaters increases, which is likely to cause potential safety hazards. In the company, we should strictly abide by the relevant management regulations to ensure the safety of electricity use, and it is strictly forbidden to use high-power and old and damaged electrical appliances in violation of regulations. 2. The dry weather in winter is the frequent season of fire. In the company, we must strictly abide by the relevant management regulations and prohibit illegal smoking. In addition, fire prevention measures should be taken when using open flame in the process of work, and there should be special care. 3. Traffic safety in winter 1. Driving a motor vehicle in winter should strictly abide by traffic laws and regulations. In case of freezing rain and snow or strong wind and fog, you should pay attention to walking slowly and avoid pedestrians. When driving on snow-covered roads, avoid slamming on the brakes or the steering wheel. 2. The company has frequent vehicles. Pedestrians should try to avoid roads with dense vehicles when walking, and should pay attention to avoiding vehicles when crossing the road. Four. Other security issues 1. Families who use coal stoves for heating should install air buckets in time before using coal stoves, and often dredge and maintain the flue to prevent gas poisoning. When the weather is cold in winter, we should pay attention to adding clothes to ensure proper exercise. Indoor ventilation should be regular to prevent diseases such as upper respiratory tract infection. Try to avoid

8. 10 winter safety precautions for students

1. Strengthen traffic safety education.

The icy and slippery roads in winter are the high incidence of traffic accidents. Please be sure to educate your children to obey the traffic rules. It is forbidden to chase and fight on the road, and it is forbidden to participate in dangerous activities such as racing. When going out in bad weather such as rain, snow and fog. To do a good job in escorting children to and from school, tell them to go out slowly, pay attention to anti-slip and prevent branches from breaking and crushing; It is necessary to educate children to pay attention to the safety of riding, not to take unqualified vehicles such as scrapped cars, unlicensed cars and overcrowded cars, and be sure to fasten your seat belts when going out to ride. 2. Poisoning by fire, electricity and gas.

Please educate children not to play with fire at will, not to use fire in the wild, and it is strictly forbidden to bring kindling, inflammable and explosive dangerous goods into the campus and woodland; Use electrical appliances correctly at home, and don't disassemble them without permission; Pay attention to heating safety and ventilation to prevent gas poisoning. 3. Strictly prevent skating drowning accidents.

Educate children not to skate and play on the frozen river privately or collectively to avoid drowning accidents caused by ice rupture; Don't push, chase or play on the icy road to avoid accidental injury. 4, do a good job in the prevention of infectious diseases.

Pay attention to cold and warmth, add clothes to children in time to prevent colds and colds; It is necessary to educate children to pay attention to food safety, prevent infectious diseases, and don't let children overeat. 5. Beware of trampling accidents.

Please teach your children to follow the order of going up and down the stairs after school and in public places. Don't be crowded, and don't bend down at the stairs to pick up things and tie your shoelaces, so as to avoid trampling accidents. 6. It is necessary to strengthen the law-abiding education for children and improve their concept of law and discipline.

Put an end to fighting and other injuries; It is necessary to educate children to be vigilant when interacting with strangers and beware of being deceived; Children should be educated to prevent personal injury and fraud, and told to report to the teacher or call 1 10 to call the police in case of school bullying incident. Please communicate with children more, guide them to establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values, and cultivate their good civilized habits, optimistic and positive attitude and the quality of being kind to others.

9. Primary school campus safety knowledge.

Handbook of safety education for primary school students (II). School safety) 1. Discipline is the most effective guarantee for group safety 1. Why should schools establish rules and regulations? The purpose of establishing various rules and regulations is to maintain the normal education and teaching order of the school, ensure the implementation of the education policy of the party and the state, and ensure the safety of all teachers and students in the school.

Therefore, from the first day of school, parents should cooperate with the school and educate their children to consciously abide by the school rules and regulations. Discipline is a constraint on children's behavior, which is precisely to let children get real freedom and an effective guarantee for their healthy growth.

"Discipline" is not only the guarantee of children's health, safety and growth, but also the important content of cultivating new people with "four haves". 2. Discipline should start from fulfilling the daily behavior norms of primary and secondary school students. In order to make primary and secondary school students grow up healthily, the State Education Commission has formulated the Code of Daily Behavior for Primary and Secondary School Students (hereinafter referred to as the Code).

The content of the code is rich and specific, and all aspects of students' life and behavior, such as food, clothing, housing and transportation, have been taken into account. Parents should be familiar with the contents of the code.

It is necessary to urge children to consciously fulfill the norms and develop good living habits, study habits and behavior norms, which is not only essential in their student days, but also beneficial to society when they grow up. Second, the school electricity safety 1. Students on duty should cut off the power supply in the classroom after school.

2. Schools with residential students should prohibit students from using "Hot Fast" in the dormitory privately, and install bedside lamps, tape recorders using alternating current and other self-contained appliances. In case of circuit failure and power failure, students should report to the teacher and ask an electrician to repair it. Don't look for the switchboard without permission, and carry out line maintenance.

3. Pay attention to safety when cleaning and protect electrical appliances. Never wipe the dust on wires, fluorescent tubes and electric fans with a wet cloth. Clean them thoroughly if necessary, but also when the power is cut off.

There are cables and wires in the air, so don't fly kites and play ball below, and don't throw objects high, or you will accidentally touch the cables and an accident will occur. Iii. Safety in sports 1. The purpose of student physical examination is to be responsible for the health and safety of students. In addition to physical examination, students should also have regular physical examination at ordinary times.

This is a necessary means to understand the health status of students. For the sake of children's health and safety, participating in physical examination should be as follows: ① No cheating.

② Do not conceal the medical history. 2. Under what circumstances should students not take part in sports or strenuous exercise (1). Students with acute diseases should take medicine and rest according to the doctor's advice, and stop taking part in sports activities.

(2) Students with congenital heart disease cannot go to physical education class and participate in sports competitions. Extracurricular activities should also participate in health care activities with little exercise under the guidance of physical education teachers.

(3) Students who have just recovered from hepatitis, nephritis and tuberculosis. Can't take part in strenuous sports activities.

(4) Students who have a cold and fever should not take part in physical exercise. (5) It is not advisable to take part in strenuous exercise immediately after meals.

3. Why do you have to prepare before exercise? The human body is an organic whole composed of various organ systems. When doing exercise, it seems that only the muscles are moving.

In fact, the respiratory and blood circulation organs of the body are all involved in the activities, and they must be commanded and coordinated by the cerebral cortex. Warm-up activities are only to improve the excitement of neurons in the cerebral cortex. Warm-up activities can also slightly raise body temperature, make muscles and tendons in good condition, have good elasticity and ductility, and will not be pulled or torn due to sudden contraction, which is particularly important in winter.

4. How to correctly use sports equipment (1) for single parallel bars, first of all, check whether the equipment is in good condition and will shake, and a gymnastics mat with the required thickness must be prepared under the equipment. (2) When doing jumping activities such as jumping box, vault and goat, put the springboard in front of the equipment.

Sponge pads should be laid behind the equipment, and teachers should stand beside the equipment for protection. Don't jump if you don't master the movements, J, the teacher is absent or there are no protective facilities before and after the equipment.

(3) Throwing, such as throwing grenades, shot put, solid ball, javelin, softball, etc. You must act according to the teacher's password and order it to be banned. There must be no carelessness. (4) In the high jump and long jump, we must strictly follow the technical guidance of the PE teacher. Before jumping, be sure to dig loose the bunker and rake it open to prevent foot injury or sprain.

In the fosbury flop, prepare a sponge bag with the required thickness, width and length to prevent injury when landing. 5. What should I do if I get injured during exercise (1)? What should I do with my sprain? Sprains often occur at the joints of limbs.

When you sprain, you can do cold compress. The specific operation method of cold compress is to soak the towel in cold water, wring it out and cover the wound, or rinse the wound with cold water.

Cold compress can be done every 3 to 4 hours for 5 to 8 minutes each time. (2) Treatment of contusion. Injury to the body by blunt sports equipment or objects is called contusion.

The first aid for contusion is the same as that for sprain. (3) Treatment of Abrasions Abrasions refer to injuries caused by severe friction between * * * parts of the body and the ground, walls or other objects.

The treatment is to stop bleeding first, because the blood has the ability of self-coagulation, so the exudative bleeding during mild abrasion can stop itself within a few minutes. Severe abrasions with extensive and massive bleeding should be sent to the hospital immediately. Try to stop bleeding or reduce the amount of bleeding on the way to the hospital.

In the process of hemostasis, be sure not to scrub the wound with dirty towels, handkerchiefs, etc. To avoid bacterial infection. (4) Treatment of fracture Fracture is a kind of bone injury.

The correct first aid steps are: firstly, remove the obstacles that press on the injured person or hinder the injured person's movement, then lay the injured person flat, fix the injured limb, keep warm, and move the injured person slowly and gently. Then quickly sent to the hospital for treatment.

Don't turn the injured body blindly, so as not to break the bones, nerves and blood vessels. (5) Treatment of nosebleeds The nose is hit by external forces, and the blood vessels in the nose rupture, which may cause quite serious nosebleeds.

Patients with epistaxis can temporarily breathe through their mouths, while leaning back their heads and putting cold water towels on their noses. If the bleeding does not stop, vaseline gauze can be stuffed into the bleeding nasal cavity.

Handbook of safety education for primary school students (III). Outdoor safety) 1. Safety on the way to school 1. Common sense of walking safety Every student must keep in mind the following common sense of walking safety: When the signal of the command light is green, let pedestrians pass; When the yellow light is on, pedestrians are not allowed to pass, but pedestrians who have entered the sidewalk can continue to pass; When the red light is on,

10. Safety knowledge of primary school students

Primary school students' safety knowledge Song met a gangster at 1 10. Fei Jing should remember his telephone number clearly, he should handle it tactfully and skillfully, and the gangster will be caught soon. It is not safe to swim in private, so it is necessary to prevent dizziness and spasm. If you don't drink enough water from one river, you will go to the grave when you are young. Be careful when connecting hot water, the pot will be scalded by inverted buckle, and if it is wrong, it will cost money to be sad and cure the skin asymmetry; When the river rises, it is better to be brave than to be brave. It is only safe to walk around, and it will be fine after the rain. Don't tease the dog when crossing the yard, ask adults to drive the dog away, and don't be clever. It's dangerous to be bitten by a dog. Take a long walk on a hot day, remember not to drink raw water, have a stomachache and feel dizzy. Where can I find a doctor on the way? Teenagers, don't play with fire, a single spark can start a prairie fire, burn down houses and mountains, and you will go to jail if you are not careful; It's cold in winter, so we should pay attention to keep warm, check the electrical appliances in the fire area, and leave them in a mess everywhere. It's too late to regret the fire. The medicine vinegar bottle should be put away, and it must not be misplaced. Old people and children can't tell the difference, and eating by mistake will kill them. Playing table tennis, learning to shoot, expanding sports, single parallel bars and climbing suspenders must be done according to the rules; Don't fight, don't swear, cultivate new people politely, develop morally, intellectually, physically and aesthetically, and everyone strives to be a successor; Don't listen to bad stories, which will affect your study and your youth. Don't read pornographic books and discs, you will be cheated if you don't analyze them. Safety is endless, and there is always a little thought. Of course, occasional accidents are inevitable, and I voluntarily enter insurance; Don't climb mountains, don't climb trees, be careful that the height will not be stable, and no one knows where it hurts. Don't be careless when living in the upper bunk, always remember that teachers and parents are worried if they are not careful up and down; Syringe, with a needle tip, is easy to hurt your eyes when you play, and you don't just take medicine. Everyone should be a good doll. Play slides and swings, keep in mind safety awareness, and be careful not to lose the rope and break it, which is inconvenient to hurt your body; Use an electric stove to burn gas. When it's over, you must close it, the room must be ventilated, and the lesson of blood should be kept in mind. Transformer, can not climb, high-voltage power supply is very dangerous, once it touches people's body, it will die; Advocate insurance, publicize safety, keep safety knowledge in mind, and the gardener carefully and diligently waters it, and the fruit of safety is particularly sweet; It is said that safety, road safety and safety work are more important than Mount Tai. With the participation of teachers and students, it is peaceful inside and outside the school.

Agree with 3 13| comment (5).