The word "near" in "how close this place is" is simple and profound. What is its connotation?

The word "near" in "how close it is here" is simple and profound, and its connotation is as follows:

1, which means that the spatial distance between Man Jing and my residence is close;

2. It refers to my love and closeness to Man Jing's natural landscape;

3. Man Jing landscape has similar temperament and personality to "I", and people and landscape are like a pair of congenial friends.

Travel Notes of Man Jing and Yuan Hongdao? (Ming)

The weather in Beijing is very cold. After Hua's birthday, the winter is still very cold. The cold wind often blows, a piece of flying sand. I want to go out in a room as if I were at home. Every time the wind runs, it is the return of the pot. On the 22nd, the weather was slightly warmer, so I went out to Dongzhimen to the well with some friends. The sorghum is lifted, and the soil paste is slightly moist. At first glance, it is open, if it comes out. At this time, the ice skin began to melt, sparkling, scaly layers, and the bottom was crystal clear, like a newly opened mirror, cold light coming out of the box. On sunny days, the mountains are washed away by melting snow, as if they had just been wiped; Exquisite and beautiful, like a beautiful girl who washed her face and combed a neat bun. Wicker will stretch, but not yet. Soft buds are scattered in the wind, and wheat seedlings come out of the ground. They are short, like fur on an animal's neck, only about an inch. Although there are not many tourists, donkeys who drink spring tea, sing with wine glasses and wear donkeys can also be seen from time to time. Although the wind is still strong, walking is sweaty. All the birds sunbathing on the beach, the fish floating on the water, and all the animals smell of joy. I know there is no spring in the country, but people who live in the city don't know. Husband can't swim, but between rocks and vegetation, and this officer also. And this place is very close to me, and I will travel from now on. How can I not describe it? Ming dynasty, February 27th, February.

Indicate the season and place at the beginning. The old custom in Yan Di is to celebrate the Flower Festival on February 15th of the lunar calendar. On this day, people will go to the wild to enjoy the spring scenery. However, after the Flower Festival this year, the residual cold is still very severe, which shows that the weather in the north is cold and spring comes late.

The author wrote a spring outing in the article, but he won't swim first. It embodies the author's literary thoughts of "not sticking to the rules" and "people can't make a fortune". Next, following the above words, "The cold is still strong", I will focus on the severity of sandstorms. The wind is a "frozen wind" and has the feeling of freezing; And often blow. When the wind blows, the sand flies around and it is almost impossible to go out. Once you go out, you can't stop looking back in less than a hundred steps. This is about the contradiction between the desire to travel and the inability to travel. The author is a person who likes to travel and is active. I don't know what flowers are like after the flower festival. Therefore, the plan for a spring outing has long been irrepressible, but it was blocked by the cold wind and sand, so we had to "squeeze into a room." I can imagine my frustration and depression.

Next, the author describes the harmonious spring scenery he saw when he traveled around the well on the 22nd. The words "sunny on the 22nd" describe the weather and mood. The word "He" not only describes the warmth of the weather, but also reveals the thawing of the author's mood, so he immediately left Dongzhimen with some friends and went to Man Jing. "The high willows sandwich the embankment, and the soil paste is slightly moist", which is what you see when you go out of the suburbs; A person who is "locked indoors and can't get out" suddenly comes to the wild, sees tall willows on both sides of the river bank and smells the fragrance of wet soil, and his heart can't help but overflow with the joy of spring. He looked around the countryside, a vast, happy mood like a bird out of the cage, flying to the vast spring in Yuan Ye. "If you get rid of the cage", the mandarin fish is a swan, which describes the joy of getting rid of the cramped situation.

Write the beauty of spring water in a few words: "The ice skin begins to melt" and "The ice skin begins to melt, sparkling at first glance". Use antithetical sentences to point out that the residual cold recedes, the thin ice disappears and the spring water begins to show a clear color. The words "beginning" and "first sight" are very apt to fasten the scene of early spring. "The scales are layered, crystal clear, crystal clear as a new mirror, and the cold light suddenly comes out of the box." It is written that the breeze blows over the water, rippling like fish scales, and the clear water shines like a dressing box just opened in the morning, reflecting the clear light of the mirror. The "new opening" and "new opening" of Mirror and Cold Light, and the "first opening", "first opening" and "first opening" of Ice describe the starting point of a day and the starting point of a year, which echo each other and have a sense of urgency, which shows the author's meticulous observation. In addition, compared with the bright spring water with the newly opened mirror, it looks beautiful and hot.

The phrase "the mountain is washed by clear snow" is about the beauty of the spring mountain. The snow in the mountains was melted by sunny days, and the lush mountains looked fresh and bright, as if they had been washed, as if a beautiful woman who had just washed her face was combing her hair. The word "start" means that the beauty just finished wearing makeup in the morning. This metaphor, compared with the above metaphor of spring water with a mirror, refers to mountains and water respectively, but they are connected in one breath, bringing out the beauty in the toilet mirror from the mirror, blending spring mountains and spring water into one, giving people a harmonious aesthetic feeling of mutual growth.

After writing about water and mountains, I turned to writing about plants. Willow is a sensitive messenger of spring and a symbol of spring scenery. "Wicker Will Not Relax" is written about the willow buds just spit out, and the branches are pale yellow and green, just like blossoming buds, which want to open and close, and have a unique charm. The "soft pointed cloak" describes the dynamic beauty of willow trees. Gentle willow tips, although not hanging thousands of gold threads, have danced against the low spring breeze. It is vivid to write the charm of willow in early spring with the words "softness" and "ride". These sentences are written about willows, in response to the previous sentence "high willows with dikes" for further appreciation and appreciation. "Shallow Wheat Field" responds to the previous sentence "The soil paste is slightly moist", and the line of sight is from high to low: on the endless flat domain, the green wheat seedlings have poked their heads out of the fragrant soil, just one inch, as neat as a short horsehair. The author clearly shows the characteristics of the scenery and his own aesthetic feelings with extremely concise words, and every sentence is filled with happy feelings.

The above paragraphs are written from the first impression when I first arrived in the wild, and then the beauty of spring water, spring mountains, willows and wheat seedlings is displayed layer by layer, forming a picture of the early spring scenery in the northern suburbs, which is the first level to describe the early spring scenery.

Then write about tourists in early spring. The cold has just passed, spring has not yet arrived, and there are not many tourists. But spring came after all, and the first picnickers followed. The author wrote several patterns of tourists: "people famous for their spring tea" drink spring water to make tea, which is elegant and leisurely; The "singer" sings while drinking, generous and happy; In "Dressed in Red", a woman wears gorgeous clothes and walks slowly on a donkey, which seems calm and comfortable. "It happens all the time" means that you can see it often. This sentence is reversed by the phrase "although tourists are not prosperous", which shows that there are quite a few people wandering in spring. The author obviously appreciates and has a good impression on these tourists who have just come to the suburbs for spring. "Although the wind is not strong, you will sweat when you walk on your feet." These two sentences are to express your feelings. Although the wind in the suburbs is still a little strong, you can still obviously feel the warmth of spring when you swim on foot. This section, from the perspective of tourists, writes various modes of enjoyment, which is tantamount to a picture of a spring outing in the suburbs. They not only enjoyed the earliest spring scenery, but also added a lot of vitality and warmth to the scenery of Han Han's early retirement. This flashback pen has become the second level to describe the scenery in early spring.

The words "birds exposed to sand" are about creatures in nature. "Sand-exposed bird" refers to a bird basking in the sun on the beach; "Sipping the scales of waves" means that fish breathe in water waves. Exposing sand, describing the tranquility of birds; Xia Lang described the freedom and naivety of fish. The author summarizes the feeling of leisure and complacency of spring creatures through the dynamic and static modality of fish and birds. He even found and felt that there was a "jubilation" between the feathers of birds and the scales and fins of fish. The so-called "mountains and rivers are vivid, fish and birds are vivid", and the author uses the means of painters and the sensitivity of poets to write the scenery in early spring vividly. This paragraph focuses on the creatures in nature, which constitutes the third level of description of spring scenery.

Through the description of the above three levels, an aesthetic conclusion is drawn: "I know there is no spring before the beginning, but people in the city don't know." Spring is in the suburbs, and people living in the city don't know it yet. Compared with the beginning "I was locked in a room, but I couldn't get out", I can feel the author's comfort. Outside the suburbs, he experienced the breath of early spring and the vitality of nature, and his depression and cold were swept away at this time. In addition, this is in stark contrast to the previous scene of "the cold wind is blowing when doing it, and the sand is flying and stones are flying when doing it". "There is no spring if you know your hometown", which is the conclusion of the author's outing. The word "beginning to know" comes from the deep feeling of seeing God. In other words, when he stood outside the suburban fields, bathed in bright spring, he felt a little sorry for those who had lived in the city for a long time and could not feel the breath of early spring. Its implication is not limited to the perception of spring scenery, but contains the good feelings of arousing people to get rid of the secular and yearn for nature.

Write the scenery, people, fish and birds on it, and then shoot the adults themselves. "Only this official can walk between rocks and vegetation without swimming." I am the only official who can wander freely between rocks and plants without delaying his official duties because of playing. At that time, he worked as an instructor in Shuntian official school, and he was a freelancer. He had time to indulge in travel and was not afraid of delaying his official duties. The word "only this official" has a sense of pride and masturbation. He is not annoyed to be an official, but deeply glad that there is no vulgar feudal officialdom habit, which shows Yuan Zhonglang's unique temperament and personality and expresses the author's thoughts and feelings of longing to return to nature.

In the end, "this place should be close" literally means that this place is just close to his residence, but the word "close" not only refers to the similarity of spatial distance, but also refers to the similarity of temperament and personality. This reflects the feeling of blending things with people, such as meeting friends. "The rest of the trip will start from here", which means that this trip to Manjing will be an unforgettable beginning, and write down this wonderful first impression. Turning feelings into words is to consolidate memory, review from time to time and fully reveal the author's cherished feelings as soon as possible. In fact, the author wrote Wanli for twenty-six years (1598), swam across wells and wrote poems. However, he said here that "the rest of the journey begins from now on" probably because this time the feeling is particularly profound, so it is a good start. Finally, it is pointed out that the writing time of this travel note is "February of Jihai", that is, February of the 27th year of Wanli (1599).

This travel note is also very distinctive in artistic techniques.

An opposite is the use of line drawing. The author writes landscapes without filling words, but outlines them with extremely concise brushwork. For example, the water is written as "sparkling at first glance, with layers of scales and waves, and the bottom is clear", and the wicker is written as "a soft-pointed cloak." This method of expression is vivid without exaggeration, rendering and contrast.

On the other hand, it is personification and figurative rhetoric. The author writes about mountains, uses beautiful women's new makeup as a metaphor, and writes about fish and birds, saying that they are full of joy, all of which are anthropomorphic techniques. This method of expression can increase the dynamics or "gas field" of the scene, and at the same time integrate the author's subjective feelings. Personification of scenery is a common method of scenery description in Yuan Hongdao. In this paper, this writing is also very prominent. Although metaphor is very common, Yuan Hongdao has his own novelty in application. In this travel note, metaphors are mostly used to write landscapes, such as the sentences describing landscapes analyzed above; However, some people describe people (themselves), such as describing themselves as "fish in a cage". These metaphors are appropriate because they come from the author's profound experience and feelings.

This travel note describes the weather in the early spring in the north, which can not only convey the god of mountains and rivers, but also be filled with the author's carefree and yearning feelings everywhere. The author begins with the story that spring can't be seen in the city, and then writes about exploring spring in the suburbs and writing the attractive scenery of early spring in the suburbs step by step. Finally, he concluded: "I know that there is no spring outside the suburban fields before the start, but city residents don't know this." The initial reaction was cramped, and there was a great difference between bitterness and joy, which showed the author's natural and unrestrained feelings of refusing the noisy urban life and trusting the mountains and rivers. This free and easy feeling permeates the whole scenery writing, which makes the words have a fresh and quiet pastoral atmosphere.

Evaluation by famous experts

In this article, the Qing Dynasty commented on Liu's words on behalf of Jiang: "Willow leaves go out to the west, not Liu's painting style. Kazamoto has no quality and no paper, and it is described by willow branches. " (Poetry of Service Hall)

Educator Ding's evaluation of this article is: "Concise and concise, it combines its feelings when describing the scenery full of wells. Rhetoric is very wonderful. It is an excellent travel prose of the Ming Dynasty. "