The customs of Weihai, Shandong Province

Weihai is near the sea. Tell me about the customs of fishermen.

Taboos in speech

Fish is an indispensable food for fishermen's families. When turning the fish over, you can't say "turn around" or "row over". When eating jiaozi, you can't say "go to jiaozi", you should say "cook jiaozi"; Chopsticks should be put on the table after meals, not in the bowl; Fishermen cook with coal as fuel, but they don't talk about coal, only about viscosity, because in their view, "coal" is "mildew".

This new ship is the finishing touch.

Fishermen regard fishing boats as partners and depend on them for survival. Therefore, fishermen love it and give it spirituality. In the past, every wooden fishing boat had a pair of eyes protruding like a big fish. After the new ship is built, only draw eyes, not eyes. On auspicious days of the ecliptic, the shipowner will beat gongs and drums to set off firecrackers and personally make the finishing touch to the new ship. Other fishermen will also shout the horn of good luck and hang the new boat in red and green.

Sacrifice to God at festivals.

In ancient times, fishermen mainly worshipped the dragon king, the sea god and the god of wealth, and made sacrifices according to specific festivals. On New Year's Eve or the morning of the first day, fishermen go to Longwang Temple and Poseidon Mother Temple to burn incense and worship, or go to the seaside to offer offerings and burn incense paper, hoping that the gods will bless a year of peace; Fishermen have a god of wealth at home. Every time before going out to sea, fishermen should burn incense on three pillars according to custom, so that the gods can bless them.

Sacrifice to the fish god

Fishermen went out to sea for the first time to pull their nets. When they catch fish, they should first practice steaming big fish, put them on a plate, offer wine and burn incense at the bow, and pray for the Dragon King to protect the sea and make a fortune. Several boats catch fish together. Whoever catches fish first will set off firecrackers, knock gongs and drums, and choose the biggest and best fish as a bow.

Observe the dragon wind

Every year on the 25th day of the first lunar month, it is called "Dragon Wind Day" by fishermen. It is said that the Dragon King will predict the customs of that year on this day. After midnight, fishermen get up to observe the weather, the magnitude and direction of the wind, the position and brightness of the stars, and predict the weather for a year, because the most important thing in doing business at sea is not rain, snow and dust, but the wind.

In the history of Rongcheng fishermen, there is a custom of Grain Rain offering sacrifices to the sea. As the saying goes, "As soon as Grain Rain arrives, a hundred fish land". It turns out that prawns, yellow croaker, hairtail, herring, mackerel and pomfret swim to the deep sea and the South China Sea in winter, and then Grain Rain swims back to the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea to feed and lay eggs. The sea area around Rongcheng is the only place for fish. At this time, there are many fish and big fish, which is the golden season for fishing. In this way, fishermen can go to sea for more than a month after the Grain Rain Festival. The traditional fishermen's day is as grand as the China New Year. A few days before the festival, families were busy killing chickens and ducks, buying meat and drinking, and women steamed red dates as a symbol of good luck. Interestingly, handy women make white rabbits out of dough and steam them. Early in the morning in Grain Rain, my husband came home from fishing and stuffed the white rabbit into his arms. "Don't leave it on your waist" is an ancient local custom. They let their husbands bring a white rabbit symbolizing good luck and wish their loved ones smooth sailing and a good harvest. On this day in Grain Rain, every household was filled with cigarettes and firecrackers. Fishermen carried the whole pig to the seaside to confess, praying for a bumper harvest and keeping safe. After the sacrifice, they either sat in the pit of the captain's house, or gathered at the fishing port pier and the beach, eating meat in large pieces, drinking in large bowls, guessing with their fists and drinking to their heart's content. Grain Rain Festival is an ancient custom in fishing villages. It is said that only in this way can everything go smoothly in a year. If you take the rest of the wine home, you will have bad luck this year. Since 199 1, Rongcheng has held a fisherman's festival every year, starting from April 20th, lasting for three days, with the aim of promoting traditional folk culture, promoting the development of fishery production and prospering the emerging tourism industry, combining traditional customs with new ideas of the times, integrating tourism with economy, and prospering culture, entertainment and commodity economy. The first festival was attended by 654.38 million fishermen and Chinese and foreign guests. At the opening ceremony, more than 600 people performed a large-scale group song and dance "Fisherman Celebrates Harvest", including traditional dances such as "The Empress Delivers Lights", "Bamboo Tube Dance", "Running on a Dry Boat" and "The Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea". Fishermen traditionally offer sacrifices to the sea and invite domestic and foreign tourists to drink with them to celebrate the harvest. Visitors can take this opportunity to go to the fishing village, walk into the fishermen's houses, learn about customs in the festive atmosphere and see the elegance of the fishing village. At the same time, fishermen have carried out boating, boating, pulling boats and weaving nets at sea, which is full of fishing village characteristics. In the evening, a lantern festival was held in Shidao Port. The story of Poseidon holding a red light to guide fishermen is widely circulated along the coast of Rongcheng. In memory of Poseidon, every household hangs lanterns on Grain Rain Festival every year to show good luck. According to this custom, the Lantern Festival at sea shows the characteristics of fishing villages around the country. More than 70 masterpieces of colored lights are arranged on the shore of the kilometer harbor. Against the backdrop of fireworks and water lanterns, the scene is spectacular. There are traditional themes such as "Carp yue longmen", "Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea" and "Lotus Immortal" among the lanterns, and there are also "Modern Fishing Village" scenery lanterns reflecting the real life of fishermen. During the festival, there are flower exhibitions, calligraphy and painting exhibitions, local famous products, seafood exhibitions, economic and trade business fairs, etc. People who care about religious activities held the pilgrimage of Zhang Baohao and Master Ren Yuan at the local Chishan Fahua Institute.

Weihai dialect:

(1) The sun is the sun of heaven, earth and time. Venus is called Mullah. Meteors are called thief stars. The rainbow is deep red. Xia Yue is burning red. Hail is called ling (pronounced ling). Fog and rain are called fog and dew. It's sunny and rainy, sunny and rainy. The wind blows against the wind. This village is called Tuan. Yue Kuang in the valley (reading Kuang) This mountain forest is called Zilan. Parked in the plain. Piles of stones are called stones. The sea branches to Hong Kong (reading the river). The pond is called a bay. Morning is the first day. Noon is noon. Say "noon" and "ha" in the afternoon. It is dark at night. Yesterday was night. After a while, I said there was no big meeting and no big rest. For a while, I will rest when I am old, and I will be old for a while. What I said just now was just (Nianjiang) just, just. Suddenly, I said, suddenly, suddenly, suddenly, suddenly, suddenly, suddenly, suddenly, suddenly, suddenly, suddenly, suddenly.

(2) Call Grandpa Grandpa. My parents-in-law said dad, big. Uncle said uncle. Aunt said aunt. Aunt said aunt, aunt. Grandpa said, sir. Grandma called her mother and mother. My aunt said "my mother". A man calls his wife his mother and my family his mother. The woman's name is husband, the child's father, and I am outside. You say so. They said he was better.

(3) People and actions are occupied. Working together is goodbye, man. Intimacy needs harmony. Dissociation is called separation. I hate to say that I am separated from disaster, and I am annoyed. Trouble is evil. Help is urgent. Give up and call it a chicken. Unexpectedly, I didn't expect to see it. I don't care if I hear it. Don't spill code very often. By the way, I was playing with my ears. For various reasons, it is called Brother Sanqi. The more, the more practical. Lie like a bear, lie. Scold and slander. A bully is called a strong bear. Good joke, say "have fun, leave the play". Very funny, very deceptive. Playing with horses is not serious. Doing nothing is a waste of time. Stubbornness has been regarded as stubbornness. Lie and say "Gala is in your mouth". Talk behind my back. Mean and tidy. Chaos is called two pastes. Short-sighted, it is said that there are several pages of liver (table). Fool said chopsticks. Stupid call two tigers, two don't be dumb. Cutting things is called hinges. Spoiling means failure. Knock (ka). Chopsticks hold food. Smell and listen. Come and play Yuelai Station.

(4) Eating and cooking steamed bread is round, rectangular and pointed. The cake says Baba. Barley fried noodles are called burnt noodles. Fried dough sticks are called hemp vines. Eat (read and wear). Eat rice and sip rice. Steamed.

(5) The shape and color of objects are harder than nails. Soft is thin and soft. Round and round. It is hot when it is hot. Cold is cold. Bright and bright. Red is red. Deep red. Yellow is brown. Blue is blood blue. White is white. Black is black, and black is black. Green is blood green.

(6) Cattle, poultry, birds and insects are called roe deer, and cows are called condoms. The male donkey is called the donkey and the female donkey is called the grass donkey. Piggy said to tie the pig (leg binding when selling). This half-sized pig is called Kelan. Duck said duck dam. Pigeons say cloth pigeons. The crow is called the black old woman. Bailing said that his hometown is Bao. Bats are called Yuanbao bats. Jump frog and say "green crooked". Call frogs bumps. Toad said, "take charge of the family." Tadpoles say "Gege Dang". Fruit says fruit (read guai). Cicada knows (reading). Cicada larvae are called monkeys. Spider le le Zhu said. Ants look like ants. Mantis said knife mantis. People sting caterpillars and say, take off their hair. Portunus crab is called flying crab. Crabs are red.

(7) Tin-inlaid tea set Weihai's tin-inlaid tea set has a history of nearly a hundred years. It takes Yixing Zisha pottery as a pot and goes through more than ten processes such as forging, carving, inlaying and polishing. Refined into handicrafts. Tin-inlaid tea set was founded in the late Qing Dynasty. Around 1890, Gu Baohe, Gu Nian and his brother from the local Gujiatuan village opened a copper and tin shop near the East Wharf. After years of experiments, they created a process of inlaying tin, and the products were quickly sold abroad. From 65438 to 0984, Gu Zuwei, a descendant of Gu's family, resumed his ancestral business and raised funds to establish Weihai Tin-inlaid Craft Factory, so that the tin-inlaid tea set reappeared in the rivers and lakes. Weihai is inlaid with tin tea sets, with exquisite inlays, beautiful tin patterns and numerous patterns, such as "Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea", "Dragon and Phoenix Becoming Lucky" and "Celebrating the Year with a Song Crane".

(8) Folk food is Wendeng, Rushan is mountainous, and it faces the sea. Folk food often has the characteristics of both mountainous and coastal areas.

Weihai Customs-Rongcheng Baba

Corn tortillas are distributed in many places in the north. The bean noodle Baba in Rongcheng is a member of the tortilla family and a treasure in this family. New corn and new soybeans are mixed 3: 2 and ground on a stone mill, that is, the new noodles are put into the pot. It is not good if the grain is not new, it is not good if it is ground by machine, it is not good if corn and soybean are ground separately and then mixed, and it is not good if the ground flour is left for a long time. When making Baba, first scald the noodles with half boiling water, not too much water, add water and stir, then pound it repeatedly with your fist, and add less cold water from time to time to make white foam grow in the noodles. As the saying goes, "Sweet words make a hundred punches." When the basin is full of foam, pinch some noodles, fill the bowl with water and put the noodles on the water. If it sinks, stir it again until the noodles are fully mixed and foamed, and the kneaded noodles are not heavy in the bowl. This is qualified. Before making Baba, don't add too much water to the wok, heat it until the water is full, and the dough will be shaped two or three times (if the dough is mixed repeatedly, it will be hard and bad), and then paste it on the side of the wok one by one. Because the surface is soft, Baba will sink on the pot, showing a slightly flat upper end and a full lower end. Always boil water with slow fire. After Baba is cooked, it is brown, soft and sweet. If the fish are braised in brown sauce at the same time, Baba will take the fish out. If the bottom of Baba is greasy, the fish in the fishing village can rarely eat it.

Weihai customhouse-kelp grass house

In Rongcheng and other coastal areas, there are many slender kelp grass, which is green and lovely when fresh, and is swept on the beach by the tide in groups, and turns purple-brown and elastic after drying. Coastal residents use it to build houses. The grass is extremely dense, the two slopes are steep, the roof is round, and it is warm in winter and cool in summer, which is comparable to simple grass houses elsewhere. The shape, color and group layout of this thatched cottage have unique interests. Many painters and photographers fall in love at first sight and don't want to leave. Wu Guanzhong, a painter, left a written record after becoming a kelp hut: "There are few trees on the seashore, and hard rocks and stone houses with yellow gray and cyan gray are hard to help stand out in the blue sea. The turbulent sea collided with hard rocks, and no one retreated, which gave birth to the fishermen's character and was also the reason why people came thousands of miles to find a fishing village at sea. Take a look at the Fisherman's Courtyard, and it will give you a steady and heavy feeling immediately. On the one hand, a rough wall made of large stones, with rounded materials and flexible wall patterns, embodies simplicity and beauty, and composes a symphony of square, round, horizontal, oblique, large, small, curved and straight stones. Triangular gables draw rich geometric changes in the overall tone of the square yard, which shoulders the thick grass roof covering the roof. That kind of seaweed is antiseptic, resistant to decades, warm in winter and cool in summer, and the soft grass texture blends with hard stones, making the roof slightly curved. Some people put waste fishing nets on the top of the grass, probably to prevent wind, just like a woman's hair net, but it also adds a bit of beauty! " There are so many advantages of this kind of straw house that it can't be eliminated quickly in the wave of new house construction in recent years. Rongcheng's Lidao Town, Madao Township, Chengshan Town and other places still have large kelp huts to paint. Marriage customs of Weihai people

You usually have to get engaged before you get married. Yantai people call it Tongri, which means to set a specific wedding date. Then we can agree on some customs of marriage. Of course, Yantai also has some small customs of marriage and engagement. You don't have to follow them, as long as both parents feel good. If you just want to know, you can leave me a message. Personally, I think it's better to do something fresh and do it well.

There is a local custom in Yantai to wear red shoes when getting married. In fact, we don't like red shoes, and we can't wear them in the future, but most old people choose this. Combs, copper pots, mirrors and red bags should be taken away on the wedding day. We also need to buy clothes and shoes for the groom and shoes for the mother-in-law. Prepare a red washbasin with a pair of mirrors, combs, soap boxes and soap in it. Tie two peanuts, two chestnuts, two longan, two ... What else? It slipped my mind. Still put red envelopes in the basin, I forgot.

Finally, wrap the red basin in a red bag. When you enter your in-laws' house, someone will take it from the bridesmaid. Call it "Fu Jie".

In fact, one place and one custom, don't care too much. Besides, there should be a red box, right I forgot what to put in it.

I only remember that when I arrived at my husband's house, my father-in-law knocked on the box with a rolling pin wrapped in red cloth before opening it. Then put the prepared money in the box.