List the stories of three explorers, China.

Zhang Qian (created the world-famous Silk Road)

Zhang Qian (about BC 164 ~ BC 1 14), a Han nationality, was a famous explorer, traveler and diplomat in the Western Han Dynasty. In the third year of Jian Yuan in Han Dynasty (BC 138), entrusted by Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, he sent missions to Da Yue and other western countries, mainly to contact the western countries to deal with the Huns.

Later, when they passed through the desert west of Hexi, they were seen by Huns, and all the people were captured. Huns have always adhered to the Han Festival in their grazing life for 10 years. On one occasion, the Huns took advantage of the unprepared to escape, continued westward, crossed the Tarim Basin, crossed the Green Ridge to Dawan, and finally reached Dayue Country ... Zhang Qian's joint plan was rejected, and Da Yue no longer wanted to resist the Huns. After waiting for 10-20 years, they came back in vain. On the way home, he was detained by the Huns for more than a year and escaped during the civil strife of the Huns. Back to Chang 'an in BC 126. Soon after, with the generals Wei Qing and Huo Qubing, Xiongnu made a meritorious military service and was named "Bo Wanghou".

Zhang Qian's mission to the Western Regions opened up economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the West and created the world-famous Silk Road!

Second, Fu Jiezi (famous at home and abroad for beheading King Loulan)

I am willing to cut Loulan with a sword around my waist.

-Li Bai's "Xia Sai Qu"

Li Bai's life is full of contempt for powerful people. His name is Yang Momo and Gao Lishi takes off his boots, which has always been a much-told story. There are few heroes that Li Bai can admire. Fu Jiezi is one of the great heroes.

Fu Jiezi, a native of the northern part of the Western Han Dynasty (now Qingyang City, Gansu Province), joined the army as a teenager and was promoted to War Horse Supervisor after meritorious service.

In the early years of Han Yuanfeng, Fu Jiezi, an army commander of Maxima, was ordered to be sent to Dawan, and by the way, he took on the important task and exploration mission to Loulan and Qiuci. As a result, a group of people set out from Chang 'an and came to Loulan.

Shanshan country, whose real name is Loulan, is 1,600 miles from Wang Zhibing to Yangguan and 6,100 miles from Chang 'an, with a population of 1,570, 14,100 and 2,912 victorious soldiers. From the description of the ancient country of Loulan in Biography of the Western Regions, we can see the status, population and garrison situation of Loulan at that time.

Loulan Kingdom, one of the 36 countries in the Western Regions, is also a small country, but it has become a prosperous city with developed economy because it is located on the Silk Road as a fortress. Loulan lies between the Han Dynasty and Xiongnu. One did not dare to offend the Han Dynasty, and the other did not dare to offend the Huns. Always in a dilemma. If you offend that political party, you may ruin the country.

When Fu Jiezi arrived in Loulan, Loulan Wang Angui personally greeted Fu Jiezi and his delegation. At this time, Loulan Wang Angui was originally a proton in Xiongnu. In Loulan Palace, Fu Jiezi denounced King Loulan's treachery to his face, assassinated Ambassador China, and said that the army of the Han Dynasty was approaching Loulan, perhaps to destroy your country. King Loulan was so scared that he quickly bowed down and apologized. After reaching the warning of King Loulan, Fu Jiezi went to Qiuci and Fu Jiezi for carrot and stick. King Qiuci also apologized.

Fu Jiezi came to Dawan smoothly (at that time, a famous horse was born in Dawan), and the horse negotiation with Dawan King was also smooth. Passing by Qiuci when returning home, I heard that Xiongnu emissaries were also in Qiuci, so Fu Jiezi led his guards to sneak into the tent of Xiongnu Mission and killed a number of emissaries. After returning home, Han Ting paid tribute to the corps commander and promoted him to music supervisor in recognition of his contribution.

After Fu Jiezi returned home, he heard that Loulan and King Qiuci were capricious again. He found the general Huo Guang and asked the general and the imperial court to support him and let him go to the Western Regions again to kill his king.

Fu Jiezi's request was recognized by the imperial court, so Fu Jiezi led his foot soldiers and threatened to reward western countries with gold and silver treasures.

Fu Jiezi came to Loulan for the first time. King Loulan either pretended to be ill or refused to see Fu Jiezi for various reasons. For the last reason, King Loulan is still timid. When Fu Jiezi arrived at the western border of Loulan, he told the officials who received him intentionally or unintentionally that I was ordered by the Han court to take gold and splendid scenery to other countries. If the king of your country doesn't accept it, I have to send these goods to other countries. Fu Jiezi inadvertently revealed the treasures of gold and silver. At that time, the reception officials were shocked to see so many treasures of gold and silver, and quickly reported to King Loulan.

When King Loulan learned of this situation, he was greedy and rushed to the post station overnight to make a gift for Fu Jiezi. Fu Jiezi specially showed those treasures to King Loulan. During the dinner, everyone pushed a cup for a change and drank happily, especially Loulan Wang.

Seeing King Loulan surrounded by many guards, Fu Jiezi got up and said, The son of heaven wants to talk to you alone. King Loulan got up and took Fu Jiezi into the tent ... The wind and sand in the sky are blowing, the clouds are gathering, the thunder and lightning are thundering, and the fate of Loulan will be rewritten in an instant.

King Loulan was a little wobbly, and the waiter around him helped him up. At this time, Fu Jiezi hurried to help him. King Loulan was very excited and looked at the dazzling array of treasures. He even thought that so many treasures were enough for him to eat for a while.

King Loulan, with the help of Fu Jiezi, entered the internal account. At this time, two strong men had been lying in ambush in the tent, and King Loulan was assassinated from behind. Fu Jiezi picked up a sword and cut off the head of King Loulan.

When Queen Loulan was killed, the attendants and guards outside wanted to go to war with Fu Jiezi's mission. Fu Jiezi snapped: King Loulan was defeated by the Han Dynasty, and the son of heaven asked me to kill him. At present, the former prince who stayed in the Han Dynasty as a proton should be king, and our army has arrived. Whoever dares to make a move will die!

Fu Jiezi came to Loulan Palace with the head of King Loulan, beheaded those who wanted to make an insurrection, and rewarded those who supported the Han Dynasty. Loulan Kingdom surrendered to the whole people at that time.

Later, Loulan Kingdom was also called Shanshan Kingdom. Once upon a time, Prince Tu Jian returned from Chang 'an and became king. Considering his own safety, the new king asked the Han Dynasty to station troops in Yidun City, and then moved the new king city from Loulan to Wanni City. Since then, Loulan lost its former prosperity and began to decline, and the ancient country of Loulan disappeared. ......

Fu Jiezi killed King Loulan, made great contributions to the country, and named him Hou Yiyang. He was the first person to successfully assassinate a king of a country and the first person to save his life in China. It is unprecedented in the history of assassins in China. Calling him the first assassin in China is well deserved!

This article intends to include Su Wu, Ban Chao and Li Guangli, but considering that explorer Zhang Qian was the pioneer of the Silk Road and another explorer Fu Jiezi was the first warrior to slay King Loulan, their special exploration in the Western Han Dynasty was well deserved!

Three Faxian (the first person to study in China overseas)

Fa Xian (about 337-422), a monk in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (now from xiang yuan, Shanxi Province, now from Linfen, Shanxi Province), was the first master in China to go abroad to learn Buddhist scriptures, an outstanding traveler, translator and great explorer!

Fa Xian and his party set out in the first year of Hongshi at the end of Qin Dynasty (AD 399) and returned to China in AD 4 14. In fifteen years, they created many firsts in China.

1. He was the first person to climb the Green Ridge (Pamir Plateau). Due to the lack of oxygen on the plateau and the bad weather, he risked his life at any time and finally reached Tianzhu (now India). 500 years later 1900, the British explorer Stan has hired more than 20 horses, 100 people (plus people brought from India) and 100 yak, forming a mighty treasure-hunting army, and also set foot on the snow-capped mountains in Pamirs to steal treasures in China. When they came down from the Pamirs, except for a few people who could not stand the altitude sickness and fled, there were only a dozen people left, all of whom died on the plateau (the story about foreign explorers stealing treasures in China will be discussed later).

Secondly, Faxian was the first person to cross the Taklimakan Desert (the sea of death), which shows how difficult it was at that time! On one occasion, Sven Hedin, the first discoverer of Loulan, from Sweden, came to China to steal treasures. When he passed through the Taklimakan desert, he would have died in the desert if he hadn't found waterfowl. For many years, I don't know how many people explored the Taklimakan desert and were buried by yellow sand forever. It can be seen how brave Faxian was at that time!

3. Fa Xian is the oldest explorer who went abroad for the first time in China's exploration history. From 399 to 4 12, he returned to China at the age of 75. He went abroad at the age of sixty-three, returned to China at the age of seventy-five, and explored abroad for thirteen years.

He was the first person in China to translate the Buddhist scriptures brought back from abroad into Chinese, which made him make an indelible contribution in the history of Buddhist cultural exchange in China!

5. The Biography of Fa Xian written by him, also known as Tales of Buddhism and Tales of Journey to Tianzhu, is the first travel documentary about religion, transportation, culture, folk customs and social conditions in the Western Regions, Central Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia. The book Fa Xian Zhuan directly influenced and promoted another great explorer, Xuanzang!

Fourth, Xuanzang (the birth of classical Four Great Classical Novels The Journey to the West)

Xuanzang (602-664) was born in the Tang Dynasty (now yanshi city, Henan Province) and was a famous monk in the Tang Dynasty. Xuanzang traveled more than 50,000 Li from the first year of Zhenguan (AD 627) to 645. After more than 130 countries, he brought back 657 Buddhist scriptures, which made great contributions in the history of human Buddhism!

Xuanzang brought back 657 Buddhist scriptures from abroad and made great efforts to translate them into Chinese. In the meantime, he wrote down what he heard and saw on the way to learn from the scriptures, which is a masterpiece handed down from generation to generation. Stan had it when he came to China to steal the treasure.

The Tale of the Western Regions of Datang is a guide to stealing treasures. The most beautiful legends, such as Princess Gongzhubao, Legend of the Rat King and Princess Chuansi, as well as some ancient countries and sites discovered by Stan, all show that the Tale of the Western Regions of Datang written by Xuanzang is true and reliable.

Xuanzang's Records of the Western Regions of Datang also created a great man-Wu Cheng'en. The Biography of Fa Xian and the Biography of Fa Xian, which are based on Xuan Ling by Wu. & gt Books and other books are the source of literary creation, and China's classical Four Great Classical Novels << Journey to the West >> was written.

Zheng He (the first person to spread and show China's technology and civilization to foreigners)

Zheng He (137 1- 1433), formerly known as Ma, was born in Kunyang, Yunnan (now Jinning, Kunming). Later, due to repeated outstanding achievements, he was given the surname "Zheng".

Zheng He is a great navigator and explorer in the history of China and a pioneer in the exchange of world civilizations! He traveled to the West seven times in his life, spreading China's advanced civilization and science and technology to China and some western countries. He sailed and discovered the "New World" nearly 100 years before the great explorer Columbus.