Twelve gods in Persian mythology

The term ancient Persian mythology now refers to the period from 10 BC to 10 BC, which was once the religion of ancient Iran before the rise of Zoroastrianism. BC 1500- 1000. This is a polytheistic belief. The Pantheon is led by Ahumazda ("the king of wisdom"), the supreme god, who is the defender of order against the dark forces of Angela Mayo ("the spirit of destruction") and her chaotic army. Like other ancient polytheistic beliefs, the gods of early Iranian religions all had their own professional fields, and they presided over and prayed for specific needs.

Today, people don't go to the dentist and ask them to repair cars, take care of children, improve their marriage or grow crops; People will consult mechanics, parenting experts, marriage counselors and agricultural experts. This is the paradigm of all ancient polytheism beliefs, which is why people who believe in polytheism think the concept of monotheism is absurd (for example, the later reaction to Okhennathan's efforts to promote monotheism during the reign of Egypt (BC 1353) is an example). People think that no God can meet the needs of so many different people.

Even so, in BC 1500- 1000, Zoroaster conceived a new vision, in which one of the supreme gods, Ahura Mazda, could do it, and according to this revelation, he has been doing it; People just mistakenly think that there are many gods, but there has always been only one. After Zoroaster's illusion, the gods were reduced to the incarnation of Ahumazda. People can still ask people like Anahita for help in getting pregnant, but they will do so because they know that this is not a real goddess, but only one aspect of Ahura Mazda.

Among them, 12 "incarnations"-the most prominent old gods-were preserved by the new religion. Ahura Mazda became the supreme god of Zoroastrianism, and Angra Mainyu became his opponent. Anashch Tower and Mitra will continue to be powerful representatives of Ahura Mazda's creation and protection, while Atal is the symbol of God itself. Zofan, once a minor god of time, will become the supreme god of Zofan religion under the rule of Sassanian Empire (AD 224-65 1). Other gods are re-imagined, beyond the definition of myth, and exert influence. The twelve most famous pantheon in ancient Iran are:

Ahura Mazda-King of the Gods

Subject and metaphor-the principle of evil, chaos and disharmony

Mitra-the god of sunrise, covenant, contract and kingship.

Sata, walker-Sun God

Ardvi Sura Anahita-Fertility, Health, Water and Wisdom, Sivir.

Rushnu-an angel; A fair judgment of the dead.

Verethragna-God of Warriors Against Evil.

Tiri and Tishtrya-Gods of Agriculture and Rainfall

Atal-the sacred god of fire elements; The personification of fire

Ma Hao-the god of harvest, health, strength and vitality; An anthropomorphic plant of the same name inspired by plant juice.

Vayu- the exorcist fengshen

Zorvan (Zurvan Akarana)-the God of Time, the embodiment of infinite time.

These entities played an important role before Zoroaster's reform and continued to do so in many cases. Today, they are considered as "myths" simply because the accepted paradigm of gods is monotheism, but in their time, they are as real to people as any god is to any believer in modern religions.

Ahura mazda. Also known as ORMAZD

Ahur Mazda (also known as Olmuzd), the king of the gods, created everything. He first created the sky, then water, earth, vegetation, animals, humans and fire. After he shaped the sky, water and earth, and covered the earth with plants and flowers, he made a beautiful primitive cow, Gavaevodata, which caught Angra Mainyu's attention and killed it. Ahura Mazda took the body of the hermaphrodite bull to the moon, where it was purified and all other animals were born from its purified seeds. Ahura Mazda created the first human Gayomodan, who was also killed by Angra Mainyu. From his purified seeds, the first mortal couple-True Vector and True Vector-were born, and they lived happily until they were defiled by Angela Mayo's lies. Then they lost heaven, but their descendants inherited the gift of free will from Ahumazda, so they can choose whether to follow good or accept evil. Ahura Mazda represents everything about nobility and justice, and encourages people to be their best.

An Ge Melayu

The spirit of disharmony, Angra Mainyu (also known as Ahriman) led an army of dark elves named Davas. His sole purpose is to destroy the order established by Ahura Mazda, and he will destroy any beauty created by Ahura Mazda-just like the example cited above. His origin in early Iranian religion has never been mentioned, but orientalist Martin Haug (L. 1827- 1876 CE) described him as a "destructive emission" of Ahura Mazda's creative behavior in his later works. Just as other gods became incarnations, so did Angela Manuel. Only this kind of spirit is the redundant dregs of creation and becomes conscious and malicious to creation. In the later Zofan religious belief system, Angela Mayo and Ahumazda were the twin brothers born to God Akalana Zofan ("Infinite Time") and had equal rights.

Mitra

Mitra is the protector of believers, the guide of Asuna (truth), and the most powerful warrior against the dark forces.

The most famous and popular god in the Pantheon in early Iran. Mitra is the god of sunrise, contract, covenant and friendship, responsible for the orderly change of seasons and the order of the universe. As an agent of enlightenment, he is related to Hauma plants and Hauma gods. He is also the protector of faithful believers, the guide of Asuna (truth), and the most powerful warrior against the dark forces. He rode a white horse-drawn chariot, holding a silver spear, a golden bow and arrow, a dagger, an axe and his famous scepter, all of which were his most powerful weapons. As the god who dominates the order of the universe, he is responsible for protecting and distributing Farr ("divine grace") to legalize the king's rule. Mitra granted the monarch the right to rule. When the king broke the contract because of unjust behavior, God's grace was taken back and given to another person with more value.

Mithras is most famous for its mysterious Roman religion, Mithraism. Although it was undoubtedly influenced by the Roman army's contact with Persian religion in the battle, it was a unique belief system, which ultimately had nothing to do with Persian/Iranian worship of Zoroaster before Mithra. Mithra, worshipped by Rome, is regarded as an astrological god developed from Roman emotions, and its characteristics are completely different from those of Mithra in Persia.

Fort Quesada

Also known as Hvare-Khshaeta, the sun god, its name is translated as "radiant sun". He is regarded as the sun god, and Mitra is the god of the morning light. The sun is also considered to be Chval Casata himself. He was one of the most popular and respected gods in the early Pantheon, just like his opponent Manha. As the god of the sun and the sun itself, Chival Chata is responsible for life on earth through lush crops. Even after Mitra, who eventually became the sun god, was eclipsed, he continued to be respected and associated with the divine grace that legalized kingship.

Aduysula Ahnache Hertha

As one of the most popular and enduring gods in the Pantheon, Anna Hita is the goddess of fertility, water, health and treatment, and wisdom. Her connection with life and health also connects her with war and death, because soldiers will pray to her for victory and survival before fighting; Therefore, she is sometimes called Sivir. Anashch Tower is depicted as a beautiful woman, wearing a white robe embroidered with gold, gold earrings and necklaces, and a golden crown, holding a branch of life with sacred basso in her hand (at first, it may be the stem of Homa plant, so Anashch Tower is associated with the god Homa). She sat on four horse-drawn chariots: wind, rain, clouds and sleet, and connected her with the weather through the connection with fertility. She is regarded as the source of all life on earth, and then cultivated and maintained by Hvar Ksata.

Rushnu

Rushnu is an angel, not a god. He is a person who stands on the Qinwate Bridge and makes a fair trial of the dead (the span between the living and the dead). He reads the record of a soul's behavior before he dies, and then sends them to the paradise of the Song family or the hell of the liar. Rushnu was helped by the angels Sulush and Santa Dana, who both represented the conscience of the dead and provided comfort and protection for the newborn soul. Rushnu will receive a person's life record from two other angels, and they will try to edit it within three days after that person's death when the soul is wandering around the body. When he made a decision, it was understood as justice and the soul moved to its home in the afterlife. Later, but before Zoroaster,

Viruses

Wu Shen, constantly struggling with evil forces. He has no other responsibilities, so he is considered as the greatest protector against the devil, Angela Manuel. He was shaped into various forms and changed his shape according to the combat situation. He can be a bull with yellow ears in Jinjiao, a white horse decorated with gold, a strong camel, a mighty wild boar, a young man of 15 years old (considered as the ideal age for a boy to become a man), a ram, a deer, a soldier in Jin Jian, a strong wind or a big bird. As a bird, Verethragna is associated with the legendary mountain bird Simurgh. When necessary, she can rub or burn her feathers to ask for her help.

Inscriptions of Heracles and Aramaic in Beston

Inscriptions of Heracles and Aramaic in Beston

Dynamometer (CC BY-SA)

Tilly and Tilly Strija.

Tishtrya is the god of rain and harvest, and sometimes he is given twins, Tiri, the god of agriculture. Tiri is not easy to prove, and it is probably another name of Tishtrya, although he may be an earlier god and later merged with Tishtrya. Tishtrya is depicted as a white horse with golden ears and decorated with golden ornaments. It flies over the sky, dives into the ground, and even dives into the bottom of the sea, with the evil witch Duzhyairya (a symbol of poor harvest) and the demon Apaosha (drought). He is often portrayed as rising from the Voluka Shahai, the source of thousands of waters, and rising into the air to find and fight against his enemies. His strength depends on the correct worship given by people. If human beings do not perform the right ceremony with the right spirit, Strija will be weakened.

Attal

Fire is considered to be the existence of Ahumazda after Atal himself and Zoroastrianism rose in the ceremony.

Atal is the son of Vulcan and the element itself Ahumazda. He is depicted as a flame, following mitra's chariot in battle. Fire is considered to be the existence of Ahumazda after Atal himself and Zoroastrianism rose in the ceremony. He was closely related to Mithra (just like he was with the Vedic god Agni), which was the decisive factor in their fight against A Zhi dahaka. This dragon stole the grace of God. Atal turned and threatened the dragon, scaring it to release its favor to the heroes. Sacrifice A meat sacrifice was offered to Attar, and they offered it when they held branches of Basom in their hands, which was a certain amount needed for a specific ceremony. Basom branch represents the earth and glorifies the creator through creation. It is believed that these branches were originally the stems of Homa plants, so Atal was associated with Homa God.

Hauma

Ma Hao is the god of harvest, health, strength and vitality, and the power that endows plants with the same name with efficacy. He has contacts with Anashch Tower, Mitra and Atal. People prayed for Homa to have a strong son. It is said that Homa plants played an important role in Zoroaster's conception because his father mixed Homa with the milk he and his wife used to drink. This plant is regarded as a kind of ephedra (although this is controversial), and its juice is squeezed and then consumed, resulting in a changed, rising and conscious state, in which people can clearly understand the sacredness. In this state, strength, vitality and vision have increased, which is a gift from Ma Hao and a bumper harvest.

Vayo

He is also endowed with Vayu-Vatu, the God of the Wind, who lives between Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu, so he can be good or evil. Vayu is considered as yazata (spirit worthy of worship) or daeva (evil spirit), literally depending on the direction of the wind. He is depicted as a fierce warrior with a golden weapon and an unusually sharp pike, racing against the dark forces to disperse them to maintain order, but he can also spin and become a powerful opponent of the light forces. In the later Zofan religion, Vayu-Vatu was connected with the space and time of the earth in the vastness of infinite space and infinite time.

Zuowan

Zorvan (also known as Zurvan) is the god of secondary time in the early belief system, and later known as Zorvan Akarana, the god of infinite time. At first, Zolwin seemed to represent the time and space of religious ceremonies, but at some point in the late Achaemenid Empire (550-330 BC), he developed into the supreme god, the embodiment of time, and gave birth to the twins Ahura Mazda and Angela Maio with the same strength. By the time of Sassanian Empire, the Zovanyi movement had fully developed. It is believed that this belief came into being in response to the need to answer origins of sin's question. If Ahumazda is the supreme creature, everything comes from him and everything is good, then where does evil come from? Zorvani *** answers this question by regarding time as the supreme god and Ahumazda as many other gods.

conclusion

The myth of early religion in Iran, like the myth of any ancient civilization, explains how the world works, why it rains at some times and it doesn't rain at other times, and how the seasons change. And why bad things happen to good people. Scottish anthropologist and folklorist James G Fraser (L.1854-1941CE) observed in his book The Golden Branch (A.D. 1890). Ancient people naturally cared about the forces that hurt them the most-those that caused droughts, floods, fires and infant deaths-so they first imagined dark and dangerous gods and tried to appease them in some way. Sacrifice and sacrifice. He claimed that this was obvious in the development of mythical figures such as Elah, the destructive force in Mesopotamia, or Seth, a similar figure in ancient Egyptian religion.

Fraser went on to say that this belief eventually gave birth to benevolent gods who responded to sacrifice and worship in a similar way. These gods will now assume the responsibility of protection, which was previously the responsibility of people through their rituals; Now, these ceremonies are dedicated to the God who controls the weather and human destiny, and minimize the threat of the dark forces.

Whether this paradigm is applicable to the development of early Iranian religion is unknown, but the system that existed before Zoroaster seems to have developed in different directions (if people even accept Fraser's theory), because all fully developed benevolent gods first imagine and then represent evil and disharmony. There is no fully developed role in the belief system that became the ancient Persian myth, which can be compared with Ella or Seth or even Eris in Greece-they all represent chaos and disorder-because Angela Maio is only the embodiment of evil and destruction. Long after Zoroastrianism was completely established, the origin and characteristics of evil appeared in detail.

Of course, the myth about the full development of Angela Mayo and her legion may not have survived at all. Persians did not write down their early religious views. All the knowledge about God comes from Zoroastrian works in Sassanian's later period, and even later literary works and legends, such as Schachner or Arabian Nights. However, the Persian vision may have been focused on the most admirable quality for a long time, symbolized by a benevolent god. Until the end, the dark forces don't care, because they will eventually be conquered by kindness and justice.