What is the great earthquake in history?

Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, is a beautiful coastal city, which is located at the mouth of the Ruhe River that runs through the country. The whole city is located on seven hills. The magnificent church in the urban area is built on the mountain, and the bustling streets are full of shops and crowds, showing the bustling scene of a metropolis everywhere.

1755165438+1Saturday, October 2nd, which is an unusual day and also a Christian Halloween. At 9 o'clock in the morning, thousands of saints gathered in six cathedrals in the city to worship God devoutly, and melodious bells and prayers were heard. Suddenly, the earth kept shaking like a ship in the waves, and a devastating earthquake of magnitude 7.8 occurred in Lisbon.

As the ground shook, there was a thunderous noise from the ground. Churches and other buildings began to collapse, and almost all 600 saints in St. Vincent's cathedral were killed; 400 people died in santa catarina Church and 300 people died in St. Paul's Church; Of the more than 20,000 buildings in the whole urban area, 1.7 million have become ruins. About 30 thousand people were killed in a few minutes. Those lucky enough to run out of the house were stunned by what they saw. I don't know what to do. Some elderly people knelt in the cathedral square and prayed to God for mercy to save the suffering people.

About 15 minutes after the earthquake, the ground was still shaking like a spasm, and many people crowded into the street and ran to the wide coast, thinking that this must be a good place to avoid the collapse of houses. However, they never imagined that the sea water aroused by the earthquake came at people like a wolf. A survivor survived the tsunami. He recalled afterwards: "Suddenly, there was an exclamation from the seaside:' The sea has landed, and we are all finished!'" "I turned to the sea and saw the sea rushing to the shore faster than any strong wind. In an instant, a huge wave washed ashore with a mountain-like noise, and the foam splashed everywhere. Many people were swept away, more people were trapped in waist-deep water, and the rest fled like lost dogs. "

In the thick smoke caused by the earthquake, candles in the church and stoves in residents' homes caused fires in many places. The merciless flame burned the goods in the shops, the precious materials in the archives, the magnificent opera house and the magnificent palace. Although many people survived the collapse of buildings and the fierce tsunami, they died from the suffocation of smoke and the burning of fire. The fire has been burning for seven days and seven nights, and Lisbon, which was black and blue, was finally destroyed by the fire.

The young king Joseph loved his subjects deeply. He thought of the people and implemented the policy of burying the dead and helping the victims after the earthquake. Not only did he bury all the dead in a week, but he also saved 200,000 hungry survivors. /kloc-In 0/5, the court rebuilt Lisbon, demolished dilapidated bungalows, widened the original streets, and made a new Lisbon stand on the east coast of the Atlantic Ocean again.

Terremoto, Chile

Chile is located on the west coast of South America, and the whole country is distributed in strips along the north-south direction, stretching for more than 4,000 kilometers. It has beautiful scenery and rich products, but it is also a country with frequent earthquakes. According to statistics, 2 1% of the nearly 10,000 earthquakes recorded in the world every year occur here (most of them are non-destructive earthquakes). 1939 65438+1The earthquake on October 24th brought great disaster to Chile.

At midnight, the ancient city of Qilian was still immersed in the noisy nightlife. More than 300 seats in Qilian National Theatre were packed, and people were watching a newly released film. However, they never dreamed that at night 1 1 35, the ceiling and walls of the theater suddenly hit them in the tremor of the earth's crust, and all the people were buried in the ruins without saying hello.

Qilian, a town with a population of 50,000, suffered the most. Due to the narrow and winding streets and low and messy houses, the whole city was in ruins after the earthquake, and there was almost no way to go, which brought great difficulties to the rescue. About 1000 people died and 20000 people were injured.

In Concepció n, the provincial capital, 400 kilometers away from the capital Santiago, the situation is equally serious, with 75% of buildings destroyed and tens of thousands of miners trapped underground. 15 The Catholic Church was razed to the ground, with nearly 50,000 casualties.

After the earthquake, the climate in the earthquake area was abnormal. Not only is the temperature very high, the scorching sun is in the sky, and the scorching sun shines on countless bodies, giving off an unpleasant smell. People know in their hearts that if urgent measures are not taken, the plague will soon take the lives of survivors. As the earthquake completely destroyed the railway and highway traffic, a large number of rescuers were kept out of the city, and the government ordered the residents of Qilian and Concepcion to evacuate the disaster area as quickly as possible. A few soldiers and ambulance personnel who stayed in the urban area were also in an extremely difficult situation because of lack of water and food. According to The New York Times, "poor soldiers and rescuers kept burying bodies, rescuing the wounded and rescuing survivors from the ruins of buildings in the scorching sun, but they didn't even drink enough water."

It never rains but it pours Naturally, its powerful power will tease small human beings. The scorching sun was followed by a strong storm. The raging wind swept away the makeshift tents, and the cold rainstorm whipped people, and the victims were homeless again. In the dark night, people huddled in the biting cold wind, and some people never stood up again.

The earthquake caused huge losses to the rich grain-producing areas in central Chile, and the industry was once paralyzed. It was many years before people came out of the shadow of the earthquake.

Great Kanto Earthquake in Japan

Japan is famous for its slightly curved islands all over the southeast edge of the Asian continent. It is famous for its many earthquakes, with more than a thousand earthquakes every year, so it is called "earthquake island".

1 923 September1Sunday at noon, the weather was sunny and sunny. In the metropolitan area within 28 kilometers from Tokyo to Yokohama, people are busy as usual, and staff and workers go to restaurants and canteens to prepare for a delicious lunch. Young housewives have cooked their meals and are waiting for the children who come back from school. Life is so quiet that no one is alert. No one thought that the devil came from deep underground.

1 1: 58, a strong earthquake of magnitude 8.3 suddenly occurred at the bottom of Xiangmowan Bay, 90 kilometers south of Tokyo. The earthquake and its tsunami hit the Kanto Plain in Japan. Tokyo, the capital, and Yokohama, the largest port city, suffered the most. Twenty-four hours after the first earthquake, there was another strong aftershock, which lasted for the next week, about several hundred times.

With the shaking of the earth, panicked people rushed to the street. Suddenly, the road was crowded with people. In the helpless panic, people desperately searched for shelter. You push me, stagger, trample on each other, cry and shout, but the whole city has nowhere to escape.

The collapsed building caused tens of thousands of deaths, but the ensuing fire staged a more tragic tragedy.

Due to the frequent earthquakes in kanto region, and the limited economic conditions at that time, the houses were mostly wooden structures, which coincided with the earthquake and the time to make lunch. As a result, the fire broke out all over the sky in an instant, and the whole of Tokyo fell into a sea of fire. At the beginning of the fire, firefighters and some residents tried to put it out, but the earthquake has destroyed all the water supply pipes, and people can only look at the fire and sigh. A reporter from Japan Chronicle described: "Although people fled from the earthquake demon, they met the fire demon again. They fell to the ground, covered in blood bubbles. Compared with those who are burned to ashes, they may be lucky. How many lives do those piles of ashes contain? Nobody knows. Countless people were burned to death, and the stench could be heard dozens of miles away, especially in the canal area, where hundreds of survivors were burned to death. "

The night was torn by the blazing fire and the sky was scarlet. Such a huge fire is unprecedented, and everything was destroyed in the raging fire. Only one hospital in Tokyo 15 survived, and the rest 14 hospitals were all destroyed by fire. All the precious books, periodicals and documents in the library of the famous Royal University are gone. In this earthquake and fire, 300,000 buildings collapsed, nearly 50,000 people died, 654.38+10,000 people were injured, and hundreds of thousands of people were homeless. Tokyo, like a badly injured giant, fell to the ground and was dying.

Yokohama, 28 kilometers from Tokyo, suffered the same fate. This port city with a population of 500,000 at that time was once called a paradise for foreigners, a sleepless foreign port, and a garden-like holiday resort for wealthy Japanese businessmen. However, the ruthless earthquake and fire destroyed everything here. The whole city has become an unrecognizable ruin, the docks and ports have all been destroyed, and huge cracks in the streets are as wide as the devil's mouth, which can swallow trucks, and piles of charred bodies can be seen everywhere.

In the fierce fire, thousands of people were trapped in the low-lying waterfront business district. Many people jumped into the pool of the park and some people were drowned in the crowd. The scene at that time was terrible.

The disaster claimed the lives of more than 654.38 million Yokohama people, of whom 4,300 were unaccounted for, more than 654.38 million were seriously injured and many were homeless. 60,000 houses collapsed in the earthquake or were destroyed by fire.

After the Great Kanto Earthquake in Japan, the Japanese people began to rebuild their homes with extraordinary dedication. After decades of struggle, the capitals Tokyo and Yokohama are more beautiful and spectacular than before the disaster. However, today's seismologists still regard Tokyo as an earthquake danger zone and believe that an earthquake as strong as the Great Kanto Earthquake will occur between Tokyo and Osaka. This can not help but make people in this area worry about the recurrence of historical tragedies.

Japan's economic strength is strong, and there are many tall buildings in the metropolis. Although they have strong anti-seismic technology and methods, looking at those skyscrapers still makes people feel suspicious. Sunshine Apartment in Tokyo has 60 floors and is more than 200 meters high, which is the highest in Asia. If it collapses, the scene is really unimaginable.

In order to prevent the sudden attack of earthquakes and minimize the losses caused by earthquakes and secondary disasters, Japan has formulated relevant national and local laws and regulations to educate and standardize people's behavior. 1On April 3, 983, Japan held a large-scale earthquake early warning exercise, with160,000 participants. Under the guidance of volunteers, people evacuated from buildings and dangerous areas to designated safe areas in an orderly manner. The posters in the street left a deep impression on people. On the burning street, there stood a tearful little girl with the words "This scene 60 years ago may be repeated tomorrow" written in bold red letters.

Time may wash away many people's memories, but the Japanese people will never forget the terrible Kanto earthquake and always pray and mourn for those brothers, sisters and villagers who died in the earthquake.