Habit of producing area of Dianjiang Peony

Hanzhong, a deciduous sub-shrub, originated in the mountainous areas around Qinling Mountain and Daba Mountain in western China, and was the earliest place to cultivate peony artificially in China. Love cool and hate hot, suitable for dry and wet. I can tolerate the low temperature of -30℃ and grow normally in areas with an annual average relative humidity of about 45%. I like yin, but I'm not very resistant to yang. Loose, fertile and well-drained neutral soil or sandy soil are required, and it is forbidden to stick heavy soil or plant at low temperature. The flowering period is April-May. Grafting is often used for cultivation, because it belongs to Paeonia genus with Paeonia lactiflora, and Paeonia lactiflora is often used as rootstock. 1. Soil quality: Peony is suitable for deep, loose and fertile soil. Soil drainage capacity must be good. Potted plants can be planted in ordinary soil.

2. Soil properties: neutral or neutral slightly alkaline soil. 1. Choose a place with abundant sunshine and no accumulated water, preferably Chaoyang slope, with fertile sandy loam and good drainage. Before planting, dig deep into the ground, the planting pit should be appropriately large, and the peony root should be stretched vertically when it is placed in its hole, and it is not allowed to take root by punching holes. Don't plant too deep, it's best to just bury the roots. Generally, there are fewer potted plants.

2. Sunshine with sufficient light and temperature is beneficial to its growth, but it can't tolerate the scorching sun in summer. When the temperature is higher than 25℃, plants will be dormant. The optimum flowering temperature is 17 -20℃, but it must be treated at low temperature of 1-10℃ for 2 -3 months before flowering. The lowest temperature is -30℃, but appropriate cold-proof measures should be taken in winter in the northern cold area to avoid freezing injury. The high temperature and high humidity weather in the south is extremely unfavorable to the growth of peony. Therefore, in order to enjoy the beauty of peony flowers in the south, we must give specific environmental conditions.

3. Water and fertilize. Water twice before planting. Irrigation 1 time before winter to ensure its safe overwintering. After spring, water should be supplied according to the dry and wet conditions of the soil, but don't water it too much. Generally, fertilizer is applied three times a year, and the first time is 1 time before flowering, and quick-acting fertilizer is applied to promote flowers to bloom well. The second time is fertilization after flowering, topdressing 1 times organic liquid fertilizer. The third time is autumn and winter fertilizer, mainly base fertilizer, to promote the growth of the next spring. In addition, attention should be paid to intertillage weeding, and the soil can be loosened by shallow tillage without leaving weeds.

4. After pruning, pick flowers and prune them in time, combine the desired tree shape according to the natural growth of the tree shape, and at the same time stick a layer of calluses antiseptic film at the pruning mouth to protect the wound and prevent the invasion and infection of germs. If you want plants to be low and have dense flowers, you should cut them short to inhibit branch expansion and tillering. Generally, it is advisable to leave 5-6 branches per plant.

5. flowering control potted peony can bloom in the spring festival by forcing flowers in winter. The method is to select peony varieties with full scales and buds (such as Zhao Fen, Luoyanghong, Shengdanlu, Gejinzi, Zhusha Lei, Dahonghu, Mokui and Wulong Peng Sheng). ) 60 days before the Spring Festival, take it out with soil to minimize damage to the roots, and dry it in the shade 12-3 days before entering the pot. When placing the flowerpot, the size of the flowerpot should match the plant to achieve a satisfactory plant type. After pouring water, it is managed normally. 50-60 days before the Spring Festival, move into a greenhouse around 10℃, and spray water 2-3 times a day to keep it moist. When the scale buds swell, gradually heat them to 25-30℃, and the temperature at night is not lower than 15℃, so that flowers can be seen in the Spring Festival. Brown spot, erythema and rust; Common pests are nematodes, grubs and cutworms. (1) Leaf spot: also known as erythema, this disease is a fungal infection of polychaetes. Pathogens mainly infect leaves and also new branches. The initial stage of the disease is usually about 15 days after anthesis, and it gets worse with the increase of temperature in mid-July. In the early stage, there were brown spots on the back of leaves, and the edge color was slightly darker, forming irregular annular withered spots with thick outside and light inside, which merged with each other and made the leaves wither and wither. The petiole is damaged, resulting in a dark green fluff layer; Stem and stalk are infected to produce raised lesions; Pathogens overwinter in stems, leaves and soil of diseased plants.

Prevention and control methods: ① Around the beginning of165438+10 (beginning of winter), clean the leaves in the ground and burn them centrally to eliminate pathogenic bacteria; ② Before the onset (May), spray 10 to 15 days with bordeaux mixture 60 times as much as1:1until the end of July; (3) At the initial stage of the disease, 500-800 times of thiophanate methyl and carbendazim were sprayed every 7- 10 day for 3-4 consecutive times.

(2) Purple feather disease: It is a fungal disease. Spread through soil. The disease occurs in the root neck and roots, especially in the root neck. There are purple-red or white cotton-wool hyphae in the affected area, which are yellow-brown at first and dark brown later, commonly known as black pimples. In light cases, patches are formed, no new roots are produced, the branches are withered and thin, the leaves are yellow, and the scales and buds are small; In severe cases, the whole root neck and system rot and plants die. This disease usually occurs in the hot and rainy season from June to August. After September, with the decrease of temperature and rain, the disease spots stopped spreading.

Prevention and control methods: ① Choose Gao Qian plot with good drainage for planting; ② timely intertillage in rainy season to reduce soil moisture; ③ Rotation every 4-5 years; ④ Cultivate disease-resistant varieties; ⑤ When planting alone, before planting, apply 500 times of pentachloronitrobenzene liquid medicine to the affected area, or water the roots with 5% amobam 1000 times of liquid medicine; ⑥ Disinfect infected plants with lime or sulfur.

(3) Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Also known as stem rot. The pathogen is Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. At the onset, water stains appeared on the stems near the ground, which gradually expanded and rotted, and white cotton appeared. You can also dip the leaves and buds.

Prevention and control methods: choose Gao Qian plot with good drainage for planting; Dig out the diseased plants in time and disinfect the soil; Rotation every 4-5 years.

Anthrax and rust are also common. There are round or irregular light brown pits on the surface of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides leaves, and the spreading edges are purple-brown. Rust produces yellow spores on the back of leaves, which leads to green leaves and columnar hairs on the diseased leaves in the later stage. The control method is the same as leaf spot.

Propagation and cultivation are usually carried out by branching and grafting, but also by sowing and cutting. The suitable period of transplantation is from late September of 10 to early October of 10, neither too early nor too late. happy

Fertilize at least three times a year, namely "flower fertilizer", "bud fertilizer" and "winter fertilizer". Pruning should be carried out after 2-3 years of cultivation. For varieties with vigorous growth and strong branching ability, it is only necessary to cut off the weak branches, keep all the strong branches, and remove the new buds at the base in time to maintain a beautiful plant shape. Bud removal is also an extremely important job. In order to make plants produce bright flowers and keep plants strong, the number of flowers should be controlled according to the age of trees. In the early stage of budding, a certain number of fully developed flower buds should be selected, and excessive flower buds and weak buds should be removed as soon as possible. Generally, 5-6 year-old plants keep 3-5 flower buds. For newly planted plants, all flower buds should be removed in the following spring to prevent them from blooming, so as to concentrate nutrition and promote plant development.

Peony is a deciduous shrub with deep roots. It likes sunshine, cold resistance, cool environment and avoids high temperature and sultry. It is suitable for children to grow in loose, fertile and well-drained sand. Therefore, it is appropriate to use the mixed soil of sand and cake fertilizer as the pot soil for cultivating peony flowers, or to mix it with fully decomposed manure, garden soil and coarse sand at the ratio of1:1. If the cultivated soil contains too much water, its fleshy roots will rot easily. Therefore, when it rains continuously, it should be drained in time, and water must not accumulate at the roots. Peony is not resistant to high temperature, so it needs to take timely cooling measures in hot summer. It's better to build a gazebo to give it shade. Cover with straw curtains or reeds before noon and remove them at night. This measure, if implemented in time, can prevent defoliation. If it is left to heat the fallen leaves, it will seriously affect the future flowering. Peony has long roots and large plants, which is suitable for ground planting. If you want to plant a pot, you should choose a large, permeable soil basin with a depth of more than 30 cm. It is best to use a crock 60-70 cm deep. The propagation of peony flowers can be accomplished by sowing, branching and grafting.