What is the story of Yuan Chonghuan's murder?

Yuan Chonghuan was ruthless and devoted to his country, but he died in the end.

Yuan Chonghuan, a native of Dongguan, Guangdong Province, took part in the entrance examination in Beijing in the year when the Battle of Salhu broke out, and was admitted as a scholar. Bo was appointed as the magistrate of Shaowu County, Fujian Province. Although others have arrived in Fujian, the war in Liaodong is always in their minds. In my leisure time, I often find some veterans retired from Liaodong to understand the situation of border defense and terrain fortress. I also often read the art of war and talk to people about marching and fighting, and I have made great ambitions to make contributions to the border defense.

In a flash, he has been a magistrate for three years, and he went to Beijing to report on his work. Because of his courage, generosity and ambition, he was promoted to be the head of the Ministry of War. Soon after Guangning fell, a large number of soldiers and people fled into Shanhaiguan, and many people in the imperial court advocated retreating to Shanhaiguan. In order to understand the actual situation, he rode out to inspect the situation. After returning from the inspection, he reported to the court with confidence: "As long as I am given military forces and pay, I can shoulder the great responsibility of defending Liaodong." At that time, the imperial court was in shock and helpless. It was worrying that no one dared to undertake the defense task. Yuan Chonghuan volunteered, which was really welcome. He immediately went above the level and ordered him to supervise the army.

ningyuan triumph

Yuan Chonghuan arrived in Shanhaiguan shortly after taking office. One day, Wang Zaijin, the manager of Liaodong (the official in charge of Liaodong), sent him to Qiantun, 7 miles outside the customs, to resettle the people who were displaced from Guangning. Without saying a word, he set out on a starry night, walked alone in the middle of the night in the wild mountains where tigers and wolves often haunt and thorns abound, and arrived at Qiantun before dawn. Soldiers and people stationed there admire Yuan Chonghuan's courage, and Wang Zaijin also appreciates his courage and boldness. However, Yuan Chonghuan disagreed with Wang Zaijin's idea of sticking to Shanhaiguan. He believes that only by sticking to the customs can we defend the customs, and he advocates stationing troops in Ningyuan (now Xingcheng County, Liaoning Province).

Ningyuan is adjacent to the Great Wall in the west, Jinzhou in the northeast, backed by the Jehol hills and facing the Bohai Sea, which is the throat of the western Liaoning Corridor. Yuan Chonghuan rebuilt Ningyuan City with the support of Sun Chengzong, the minister of the Ministry of War. As soon as Ningyuan's defense was consolidated, the exiled people in Liaodong gathered here, and the businessmen in the customs also came to do business. Ningyuan has become an important town outside the customs with prosperous business and strong defense, and is regarded as a paradise by the homeless people in Liaodong.

But it didn't take long for the eunuch clique headed by Wei Zhongxian to crowd out Sun Chengzong, and the eunuch Gao Di became the minister of the Ministry of War. As soon as he takes office, he will remove all defenses except Shanhaiguan. Due to fierce opposition from Yuan Chonghuan, only Ningyuan was lucky enough to keep it. Nurhachi saw through Gaudi's cowardice and incompetence at a glance.

in the first month of the sixth year of the Apocalypse (AD 1626), he led his troops across the Liaohe River and reached the gate of Ningyuan. He first sent people into Ningyuan to persuade Yuan Chonghuan to surrender, saying, "I have sent 3, troops, and Ningyuan, who lives alone, can't keep it. If you surrender, you will be guaranteed to get high officials and generous salaries." Unswervingly, Yuan Chonghuan replied, "When talking about 3, troops, you actually said that 13, troops are enough. When I built Ningyuan City, I was determined to stick to it. How can I surrender?" Say and get rid of the surrender, called general Gui Man, lieutenant Zuo Fu, Zhu Hai, Zu Dashou, garrison He Kegang and other people to discuss countermeasures, and gathered the soldiers and civilians guarding the city. He was impassioned in front of the army, encouraging the soldiers and civilians to defend the city to the death. As he spoke, he pricked his finger and wrote a bloody book to inspire the whole army. The broad masses of soldiers and civilians are all indignant and swear to defend the city. After the swearing-in, he moved the people and food outside the city into the city, strengthened the wall and cleared the field, and ordered the military and civilians to put an end to it, waiting for the nomads from outside to attack the city.

on 24th, the latter nomads attacked. After a burst of drums, the soldiers and civilians on the city head dropped gunpowder cans and thunder stones one after another, and set fire to the enemy's chariots. After 8 jin j repeatedly unable to attack, it was getting dark at this time, so we had to suspend the siege. The next day, Nuerhachi launched a more violent attack again, and the soldiers of the latter Jin Dynasty cut through several walls. The wall didn't collapse because of the freezing cold weather, but the situation was very critical. Yuan Chonghuan, calm and fearless in a crisis, ordered eleven western cannons to be pulled out, and personally stood on the rostrum to direct the firing in turn. After the nomads from being hit by shells, heavy casualties, Nurhachi was also wounded by gunfire, so we had to withdraw. This is the great victory of Ningyuan in history.

Ningjin Victory

Nurhachi returned to Shenyang, the capital of the late Jin Dynasty (in 1625 AD, Nurhachi moved to Shenyang), and said with emotion, "Since I was 25 years old, I have led the troops to fight, and I am invincible. Why can't Ningyuan be the only city to attack?" Where did he think that his opponent Yuan Chonghuan was a hero who was determined to defend his territory and was good at fighting? Nurhachi suffered such a heavy blow, his mood was very depressed, and his injury worsened, and he died in August this year.

in September, Huang taiji, the eighth son of Nurhachi, ascended the Khan position. Yuan Chonghuan sent 34 people to Shenyang to mourn for Nurhachi and congratulate Huang Taiji on his accession to the throne in order to find out the truth of the latter, and to strive for a period of time to build cities such as Jinzhou, which was abandoned by Gaudi, and to consolidate the border defense. Huang Taiji was newly bereaved by his father, and he was ready to conquer Korea to relieve the worries of attacking the Ming Dynasty in the future. Therefore, he also wanted to have a temporary truce with the Ming Dynasty, and he warmly received people sent by Yuan Chonghuan. Therefore, the two sides wrote to each other and began to make peace.

Yuan Chonghuan took the time to build cities such as Jinzhou. Just after the fortifications were completed, Huang Taiji surrounded Jinzhou with a great army in May of the seventh year of the Apocalypse (AD 1627). At that time, Yuan Chonghuan was sitting in Ningyuan. When he heard the grand report of the attack on Jinzhou by the late Jin Dynasty, he immediately wrote to the guards' generals Zhao Lvjiao, Zuo Fu and Zhu Hai. The letter said that the firearms and military forces in Jinzhou city were sufficiently defensive, and the enemy risked the hot weather to go deep, which could never last, and Jinzhou would certainly be able to hold on. And immediately sent Zu Dashou led four thousand cavalry to reinforce. Zhao Lvjiao and others, with the encouragement of Yuan Chonghuan, led the soldiers guarding the city to fight bravely. After that, 8 Jin Army attacked for 14 days in a row, and the gates were filled with the bodies of the latter Jin soldiers. Jinzhou City remained untouched. Seeing that Huang taiji could not attack for a long time, he left some troops to continue to be trapped in the city, and then led most troops and newly deployed reinforcements to bypass Jinzhou and go straight to Ningyuan.

Yuan Chonghuan, with its strong city, gave full play to the firepower advantage of guns. After being beaten, the gold fell one by one, and even several gold baylor (the leader of the flag) were injured. After several days of fierce fighting, more and more people were killed and injured in the Jin army. In addition, the weather was hot, diseases were prevalent and morale was low, so Huang Taiji had to order the withdrawal. The Ming people called the victory of sticking to Jinzhou and Ningyuan "the great victory of Ningjin".

Died with blood and heart

Unexpectedly, Yuan Chonghuan, the greatest hero of Ning Jin's triumph, was branded as "demoralized" by the eunuchs and dismissed as an official. In August this year, Emperor Mingxi died, and his younger brother Zhu Youjian acceded to the throne, namely Emperor Chongzhen. Emperor Chongzhen wanted to make a difference. After getting rid of Wei Zhongxian, he re-used Yuan Chonghuan Dushi Liaodong.

Huang taiji knew that Yuan Chonghuan was courageous and knowledgeable, and he admired and hated him. If he didn't get rid of this arch-enemy, he wouldn't achieve the goal of marching into Shanhaiguan Pass. So he came up with a deadly plan to get rid of Yuan Chonghuan. In October of the second year of Chongzhen (AD 1629), Huang Taiji led his troops to avoid Ningjin defense line, bypass Inner Mongolia, and enter Shanhaiguan Pass from xifengkou, reaching the capital of Ming Dynasty. Yuan Chonghuan received information and sent troops into the customs overnight. Huang Taiji came to Jizhou at the gates and saw that Yuan Zonghuan had been stationed in Jizhou. He was very surprised that Yuan Jun was so fast. He kept on marching westward, connecting Yutian, Sanhe and Xianghe all the way, crossing Tongzhou and reaching the gates of Beijing. After Yuan Chonghuan saw the nomads from the west, he hurried to the capital, scurrying for three hundred miles for two days and nights. On November 16th, the soldiers arrived at Zuo 'anmen, and there were only nine thousand military forces left around Yuan Chonghuan.

I don't want to, but rumors are circulating everywhere in the capital that the nomads from Yuan Chonghuan will enter the customs. Although Yuan Jun was outside Guangqumen, he fought for more than ten miles from early morning to evening, killing more than ten times. After he beat back, the Nomads and Warriors still suspected him and refused to allow his troops to enter the city to have a rest. Yuan Jun had to be stationed in the southeast suburb of the city.

Huang taiji intends to order his troops to camp near Yuan Jun's station. It turned out that when the post-Nomads just hit the gates of Beijing, they captured two Ming Dynasty eunuchs alive and put them in the army. Huang taiji asked Gao Hongzhong, the lieutenant, and Bao Chengxian, the participant, to act according to the plan. Gao and Bao went back to camp at night, and sat near the place where the eunuch was held. They deliberately whispered, "Today's withdrawal is a plan, and we have a secret agreement with Inspector Yuan. This time, the big event can be achieved." A eunuch pretended to sleep and took Gao and Bao's words to heart. After 8 jin j and deliberately let the eunuch, eunuch ran back to the palace, to the emperor chongzhen Yuan Chonghuan "collaboration" information, just then, several spies were caught in Beijing, a man named Liu Wenrui said Yuan Chonghuan had asked him to take a letter to 8 jin j, a craftsman said he knew Yuan Dushi wanted to rebel. Strange to say, these spies disappeared after confessing.

Emperor Chongzhen was suspicious. After listening to the eunuch's report and several confessions of "spies" in the capital, he believed it and summoned Yuan Chonghuan in the name of discussing the salary. As soon as Yuan Chonghuan entered the palace, Emperor Chongzhen ordered him to be arrested for treason. When Huang Taiji saw that Yuan Chonghuan was arrested, he was done and withdrew his troops to Shenyang. After Yuan Chonghuan was arrested, Zu Dashou, his ministry, was so frightened that he led an army to escape from Shanhaiguan, and Yuan Jun also got separated from more than 1,5 people. Emperor Chongzhen had no choice but to ask Yuan Dushi to write a personal letter to Zu Dashou. Zu Dashou received a letter from Yuan Chonghuan, held it in his hand, and cried, and the whole army cried up and down. Zu Dashou's 8-year-old mother said to him, "It's better to kill the enemy and make meritorious deeds. Maybe you can redeem the inspector's life. " Therefore, the whole army was excited and determined to make meritorious deeds by killing the enemy.

However, the headstrong Emperor Chongzhen was too suspicious and fell into the trap. In August of the following year, he actually executed Yuan Chonghuan. The patriotic general devoted himself to defending the country, but he suffered great humiliation of defecting to the enemy and treason. His brother and wife were exiled to a poor and desolate area three thousand miles away. After Yuan Chonghuan's death, his bones were buried by friends in Guangdong Yiyuan (now the campus of Beijing No.59 Middle School) in Guangqumen. Until the establishment of the Nanming regime. His injustice was vindicated. The truth of Huang taiji's double agent was revealed only after the Qing army entered the customs.