Did Wang Fuzhi, Gu, Huang Zongxi and others defect in the late Ming Dynasty?

You said it did happen. It was Huang Zongxi who called Kangxi the holy son of heaven. The following is the information I found on the Internet. I hope it works.

Huang Zongxi's Schizophrenia

As a adherent of the Ming Dynasty, Huang Zongxi's remarks in his later years seem quite inconsistent with his identity. Because he publicly expressed his appreciation for Emperor Kangxi more than once or twice, and this behavior is not appropriate in the moral level of the adherents. At the same time, Lv Liuliang, a adherent of the Ming Dynasty, criticized him for "turning a dragon into a tadpole", and Yan Hongkui, a student from Lv Liuliang, criticized him for "doing something blasphemous and exposing his ugliness", while Zhang Taiyan severely criticized him in modern times, saying: "Huang Taichong is in the name of" Ming Yi to be visited ",although Chen Yi is tall, he asks as soon as he catches it." This means that Huang Zongxi wrote Ming Yi Waiting for an Interview with a high tone, but he actually intended to be a consultant of the Qing Dynasty.

At present, some representatives of the network Ming school resolutely excuse him, saying that "Huang Zongxi's aversion to the Qing court has never changed", but "Huang Zongxi had to say something against his will in order to be stable in his later years" and "he had to make some posturing in his later years, and even said some disgusting praise to the saints, but this was by no means his original intention".

Lv Liuliang, Yan Hongkui, Zhang Taiyan and others criticized Huang Zongxi's remarks. Now it seems that nature is not worth mentioning. As a modern person, it would be ridiculous to be angry with Huang Zongxi for praising Kangxi with the mentality of adherents of the Ming Dynasty.

However, is it true that Huang Zongxi, a representative of some network Ming historians in the network, praised Kangxi for "filling the truth with fakes"?

Let's first look at the comments in Huang Zongxi's reply after Huang Zongxi, a Zhejiang official, left the mountain with courtesy in the 19th year of Kangxi. Meng, the son of Meng, specially invited him to the history museum ... but when he was ill, he insisted, but the son pitied him. "

This letter is an excuse for refusing to go because of illness. It seems that this passage really has a false meaning, and it is hard to say whether the "Holy Son of Heaven" is sincere.

Let's take a closer look at a passage in Huang Zongxi's letter to Zuodu Yushi Xu in the twenty-sixth year of Kangxi-"When you are old, writing an official letter is no different. If you haven't been a corporal for a long time, why do you want to be prosperous? Today, the Lord specially called me to join the secret service, and Confucian scholars in ancient and modern times suffered a lot. Five hundred years of fame, see you today. The ruling and opposition parties congratulate each other, wiping their eyes to see peace, and the unusual announcement of hemp has nothing to do with the luck of the world ... it is only now that the killing and transportation have retreated, and the grass sounds in the fine sea; Emperor Ren Qiang saved the current war disaster. In addition to the bitter collection when he came, the bachelor's and doctoral students all started with the piano and musical instruments in the lecture hall, which is the most rare at this time. "

It seems reasonable to say that Huang Zongxi's attitude in the 19th year of Kangxi was still in the wandering stage of "pretending to be a snake". But in the 26th year of Kangxi, six years have passed since the San Francisco Rebellion, and the social economy has fully recovered. As Huang Zongxi said, "Born between heaven and earth, we have to interfere with it. If you intervene, you will have contacts. " As a member of the society at that time, he couldn't help feeling that the chaotic pattern was gone forever, and the rule of the Qing Dynasty was gradually stabilized. It is worth noting that Huang Zongxi's attitude in this letter is obviously very clear, using "five hundred years of fame, see you today." The praise of "congratulations from the ruling and opposition parties, wiping the eyes and seeing peace" cannot be reluctantly explained by "pretending to be a snake". Considering a person's words and deeds must be placed in the context of the great times. At that time, the background of the times was that the society in the early Qing Dynasty experienced a process of reconstruction, and the two different cultures of Manchu and Han experienced a deductive process from conflict to reconciliation and integration. Correspondingly, the attitude of adherents of the Ming Dynasty to the Qing court also changed from resistance to wandering differentiation and then to confluence.

What can better reflect Huang Zongxi's political attitude in his later years is that in his epitaph and letters to friends, he often praised Emperor Kangxi as the "holy son of heaven", called the Qing court "national dynasty" and called the Qing army "Julian Waghann", and in the name of Kangxi, he hoped that "classmates would open lecture halls and praise the rule of literature".

He even expressed such admiration in the biography of Zhou Xian's wife: "Today, the holy son of heaven has no secluded place and no candle, which makes the farm work successful, and the Confucian classics are not covered by it?" The phrase "there is no place where there is no candle" completely describes the situation of the young Emperor Kangxi's diligent pursuit of governance and busy schedule.

Perhaps some people will suspect that writing a biography of "praising saints" to a virtuous woman is not from the heart, but "pretending to be a snake." Then please look at Huang Zongxi's article "Rebuilding the Ancestral Temple" in 1977, in which the following passage suddenly appeared: "Today I sorted out the history of the Ming Dynasty and traced the demise of the Ming Dynasty back to the apocalypse." Huang Zongxi wrote a biography for his good wife with human nature. Can he cheat my father's soul?

To sum up, there is no doubt that Huang Zongxi's political attitude in his later years changed from fierce anti-Qing to stable Qing, which fully reflected the historical trend of the attitude of Ming adherents to the Qing court from resistance to wandering differentiation and then to cooperation. Huang Zongxi's praise of Kangxi is obviously not "hypocritical" as some people deliberately distort it.