In Lizong of the Southern Song Dynasty (1234 AD), the Mongolian army launched a large-scale attack on Sichuan and captured Chengdu in the third year. When did the Southern Song Dynasty regain Chengdu

In Lizong of the Southern Song Dynasty (1234 AD), the Mongolian army launched a large-scale attack on Sichuan and captured Chengdu in the third year. When did the Southern Song Dynasty regain Chengdu from the Mongolian army?

From 1240 onwards, Mongolia changed its original tactics and concentrated its main force to attack the Song army's cities one by one along the Huaihe River. The first to bear the brunt was Shouchun, a military town on the north bank of the Huaihe River. Shouchun and Anfeng just faced each other across the Huaihe River, and their relationship was somewhat similar to that of Xiangyang and Fancheng later.

In 1240, Mongolia sent Zhang Rou and others to attack the Southern Song Dynasty. The Shouchun defender Li Min of the Southern Song Dynasty surrendered the city. Since Mongolia had no purpose of defending the city, they relocated the residents and demolished Shouchun City without garrisoning troops in Shouchun.

In 1241, Zhang Rou crossed the Huaihe River to attack Anfeng, and Anfeng was in danger. Later, Yu Jie's emergency rescue allowed the Mongolian army to escape.

In 1242, Zhang Rou once again led the Mongolian army to cross the Huaihe River and attack Yangzhou and other places.

The Mongolian army's repeated march south made the Southern Song Dynasty understand that the defense line in the middle reaches of the Huaihe River was too weak, and among them, the area near Anfeng was most vulnerable to attack and breakthrough. To strengthen Anfeng's defense, it was necessary to Shouchun should be controlled as a shield for Anfeng. Therefore, the Southern Song Dynasty court decided to order Lianghuai to send troops to recover Shouchun. To this end, Li Zengbo was sent as the Lianghuai envoy to take charge of this action.

After Li Zengbo took office, he sent Wang An, the commander of the capital who had been stationed in Shouchun, to mobilize 20,000 Jianghuai troops from Yangzhou, Luzhou, Zhenjiang and other Jianghuai troops to rebuild Shouchun City at the end of 1243.

In the spring of 1244, Mongolia learned that the Song army was building a city in Shouchun, and Marshal Chahan personally led his troops to besiege Shouchun, crossing the Ying River by water. The Song army in Shouchun went to the mouth of the Ying River to fight with its navy. The Mongolian army used cavalry to escort the Song army from both sides of the river.

After the Southern Song Dynasty court learned that the Mongolian army was encircling Shouchun, it urgently mobilized Lu Wende and others to support Shouchun. At this time, the Mongolian army built a pontoon bridge on the Huaihe River after surrounding Shouchun to isolate the Song army's navy from rescuing Shouchun. At the same time, they built multi-layer earth dams on both sides of the pontoon bridge and stationed troops to prevent the Song army from attacking the pontoon bridge. In order to further blockade There are also many ballistae placed on the earthen dams on both sides of the Huaihe River.

After Lu Wende and other troops arrived in the suburbs of Shouchun, they fought many fierce battles with the Mongolian army around the control of the pontoon. According to Li Zengbo’s report to the court, both sides tried their best to seize control of the pontoon. Every inch gained or lost was fought over in a fierce battle. However, although the Song army attacked the pontoon many times, it was unable to fully control the pontoon due to the strong counterattack of the Mongolian army. The Song army's navy was still blocked by the pontoon and could not enter Shouchun, and the Mongolian army's attacks on Shouchun never stopped. Military supplies and food in Spring City are decreasing day by day.

After more than 70 days of stalemate between the Song and Mongolian armies in Shouchun, Lu Wende finally managed to break the deadlock. One of his generals, Xia Gui (who later became a general of the Southern Song Dynasty), ordered each naval force to advance. The latter carried two large rucksacks filled with bricks, stones and soil. When they approached the pontoon bridge again, they threw the rucksacks onto the bridge and finally sank the pontoon boats that formed the pontoon bridge one by one. The Song army finally broke through the Mongolian army. blockade and entered Shouchun City. The next day, the Song army, which was attacked from inside and outside, forced the Mongolian army to retreat.

The victory of Shouchun was a typical battle in the Southern Song Dynasty in which the navy was used to rescue by water and the Mongolian army used the army to build pontoon bridges to try to block the navy. After this battle, the Song army finally perfected the Shouchun city defense. , Shouchun became the first line of solid fortress on the battlefield of Huaihe River.

Of course, the Mongolian army was not reconciled to the defeat in Shouchun, and tried to seize Shouchun again. So in the past few years, around the suburbs of Shouchun and Anfeng on the south bank, both sides of the Huaihe River, Song and Mongolia Fierce battles broke out many times between the troops, among which the more famous ones include: Chahan and Zhang Rou led their troops to attack in 1245; Lu Wende led the navy to defeat the Mongolian army in the suburbs of Shouchun in 1245; Shouchun general Liu Xiongfei defended the city and defeated the Mongolian army in 1245. In 1246, Lu Wende and Xia Gui led the navy to defeat the Mongolian army in the suburbs of Anfeng. In 1246, Mongolian Wanhu Shiquan led his troops to attack. In 1247, Zhang Rou led his troops to attack. In 1248, Lu Wende defeated the Mongolian army with great achievements. There are scattered records of the battle in the History of the Yuan Dynasty and the History of the Song Dynasty.

While the Mongolian and Song armies were fighting for Shouchun, the Sichuan battlefield was during the period when Yu Jie was running Bashu. Having said that, I would like to interject a few words about Meng Gong's three-tiered fence and the great development of cavalry in the Song Dynasty.

Everyone knows that the cavalry before the Song Dynasty, including the Huns and Turks, and even the whole of Europe until much later, used the cavalry frontal decisive battle mode. Although they were cavalry, they used infantry. Tactics, that's why the cavalry are also used in formation. Usually such battles are cavalry fighting against cavalry. The scenes are very beautiful and very attractive when made into movies, including many in the TV series Genghis Khan. This kind of head-on battle will cause high losses, whether it is the enemy's losses or your own losses. Unless the level of the generals on both sides is too different, then one side may suffer less losses.

When the Khitans established the Liao Kingdom, the cavalry had undergone a major development. The cavalry no longer used speed to sneak attacks, attack infantry formations and other tactics, but more of detours, flanking, and other tactics. Tactics such as luring the enemy are the reason why the Khitan cavalry was able to run rampant for a while, similar to the cavalry in the Napoleonic era. But these are still cavalry tactics. They are detours, tactics to lure the enemy, etc. For the entire battle, they are still frontal combat and will still cause huge casualties.

This is also the reason why the cavalry of the Napoleonic era was usually the most elite and heaviest casualty service.

The Jurchens established the Kingdom of Jin, and the Jurchen cavalry was quite different from the previous cavalry. The Jurchen cavalry pay more attention to strategy. Their detours are strategic detours rather than tactical detours behind attacking enemy formations on the battlefield. Their luring the enemy is strategic luring the enemy, and their breakthroughs are strategic breakthroughs. Therefore, the Northern Song Dynasty suffered a lot when it fought with the Jurchens. The Jurchen cavalry came south from Yanyun, and there were still a large number of Song troops guarding the borders in Taiyuan Prefecture and other places in the north. The Jurchen cavalry had directly broken through the Yellow River and marched directly to Bianjing, and later pursued Zhao Gou At that time, troops were also sent from near the Yellow River Basin, crossing the Yangtze River and fighting directly to the sea of ??Zhejiang. A key breakthrough could penetrate half of China. Although it was said that the river defenses of the Yellow River and Yangtze River at that time were not enough, the theory of strategic depth was unprecedented. The Xiongnu Turks Even if they break through the Great Wall, they will not penetrate more than a few hundred miles, let alone thousands of miles. Therefore, when Emperor Qin Shihuang and Emperor Wu of Han regained the Hetao area, they felt that the threat of the Xiongnu attacking Chang'an was eliminated. How could it be possible if they faced the Jurchen cavalry instead? , what kind of defensive depth does half of Shaanxi Province count? Does this strategy of making key breakthroughs, followed by rapid cavalry corps rushing in from the gap, encircling the enemy's rear and conducting large-depth operations look familiar to you? By the way, replace the word cavalry with the word armor, that is the great depth theory of the Soviet Union's standard combat strategy in World War II initiated by Zhukov. The depth of the Soviet army's battles was generally two hundred to four hundred kilometers, which was much higher than the depth of the German blitzkrieg theory, but compared with the Jurchen cavalry, it was not enough. Of course, this was also because the Northern Song Dynasty did not have strategic depth theory at that time.

But just like the Soviet and German armies in the World War II battles, the Jurchen cavalry also had the same shortcomings and failed to reach the peak of cavalry development, that is, it focused too much on strategy, leaving tactical development lagging behind strategy. In other words, the Jin soldiers could break through the Song Army's defenses and surround the Song Army, but they could not defeat the Song Army! Because they did not know how to defeat the Song army, they had no corresponding tactical theory. This caused the Jurchen cavalry to return to the old path of cavalry and develop heavy cavalry such as Tiefutu and Guaizima. They were almost always restrained when facing the infantry formations of the Song army. Except for the later rule of the north, they learned from the Han people and formed attack troops. When the early Jin soldiers fought decisive battles with the generals of the Southern Song Dynasty, they could encircle and divide the Song army, but failed in many decisive battles and could not capture the Song army that was surrounded and isolated by them, because even if they surrounded the Song army, Their tactical mode is still a confrontation between steel flow and steel flow in frontal combat, so even if they win, their own losses will be very large. This was also the case for the Soviet and German armies in World War II. The German army relied on the excellence of its individual soldiers' tactics to lose much less than the Soviet army. In the later period, the Soviet army relied on superior artillery weapons to make up for the shortcomings of tactics and reduced losses. The Jurchens are not a big nation, and they cannot afford to spend money, so they can only adopt a long-term peace with the Song Dynasty, because if the Jurchens and the Song Dynasty continue to fight for twenty or thirty years, then the Jurchens will be the first to lose more than they can replace and be brought down.

The peak of cavalry appeared in the early Mongolia, especially in the three generations from Genghis Khan to Kublai Khan. The Battle of Sanfeng Mountain and the European battlefields of the Mongolian Western Expedition that I wrote before (refer to "Sanfeng Mountain" and "The Third Battle of the Second Mongolian Western Expedition" written by me) are examples of this feature. The Mongolian cavalry also used strategic depth operations to surround the enemy troops. However, the purpose of the Mongolian cavalry in encircling the enemy troops was not to engage in a decisive battle with the enemy troops, but to induce the enemy troops to make a wrong reaction, and then use the enemy troops' mistakes to achieve their own victory. , which is why the Mongolian cavalry often pretends to retreat to lure the enemy to unfavorable terrain when fighting others. When encircling the enemy, they often deliberately leave a gap to allow the enemy to escape and then chase and kill them behind, and other tactics. It is precisely because of these successful tactics that the Mongolian cavalry has reached the pinnacle of cavalry strategy and tactics. Many Mongolian generals from Genghis Khan to Kublai Khan did not compete with the enemy on the battlefield, and did not focus on one city or one place. He is not only a famous commander in strategy, but also a famous general in tactics. It is a pity that it could not continue after its peak, and later Mongolian generals could not learn the essence of this cavalry combat.

In short, the superiority of the Mongolian army has enabled the Mongolian army to create many battles with the greatest disparity in casualties between the enemy and ourselves in the cold weapon era. So how to fight against Mongolia’s tactics?

The first is Meng Gong’s three-layered barrier, because for any strategic breakthrough in depth, only one layer of defense is far from enough, and defenses must be built layer by layer (of course, there must be priority) , acting as mutual barriers, can ensure that even if a certain point is broken through, it will not cause the entire line to fail. If the French realize this when they build the Maginot Line, they only need to add a few lines of defense behind the line to defend the north and south sides before being strategically bypassed by the enemy. That would not mean that the Ardennes area would be breached and Maginot would become an ornamental building.

But only having three layers of fences is not enough, because it is purely defensive, and it is also easy to be lured away by the enemy from a favorable position and eliminated in motion. This is also Mongolia's specialty. So in addition to strictly instructing the garrison to hold on and not attack at will, even if the enemy calls you an ancestor in the city, you have to be a tortoise and don't go out to fight in a moment of anger. You also have to consider how to use defense to attack.

Those who have understood the battle of Liaodong in the Ming and Qing Dynasties should know. What was Yuan Chonghuan's strategy in Liaodong for seven or eight years? It is to build a city one step at a time, using the back as the base in front, and advancing the defense lines one by one, just like the turret tactics in real-time strategy games, not to mention that the real thing is not like a game, there are no catapults or heavy tanks. Super long-range attack weapons can slowly destroy the turret. Therefore, since Yu Jie took office as the envoy of Sichuan in 1243, he built 20 systematic mountain cities in 8 years, first along the Yangtze River and then upstream against the tributaries of the Yangtze River.

These 20 mountain city systems are: (the present place in brackets is just where it belongs today, not where it is)

1. Chongqing City (today’s Chongqing), 2. Jiading The city and its vicinity (today's Leshan), 3. Diaoyu City (today's Hechuan), 4. Dahuo City (today's Cangxi), 5. Baidi City (today's Fengjie), 6. Kuzhu Pass (today's Jiange), 7. Chi Niucheng (now Liangping), 8. Shenji City (now Luzhou), 9. Daliang City, Xiaoliang City (now Guang'an), 10. Yunshan City (now Peng'an), 11. Yunding City (now Jintang), 12. Qutang City (now Fengjie), 13. Duogong City (now Jiangbei), 14. Ziyun City (now Qianwei), 15. Tiansheng City (now Wanxian), 16. Xiaoning City (now Bazhong), 17. Qingju City (now Nanchong), 18. Dehan City (now Tongjiang), 19. Pingliang City (now Bazhong), 20. Tiefeng City.

The characteristic of this defense system is that it is based on the Yangtze River and advances northward along the four north-south tributaries of the Minjiang River, Tuojiang River, Jialing River, and Qujiang River. At the same time, water networks are used between each point. The network defense is focused, the defense is strong, and there is a strong naval force that can be relied on to use strengths and avoid weaknesses.

With the help of this defense system, the Sichuan battlefield was able to achieve effective defense against the Mongolian army with only less than 50,000 troops that were incomplete at the time. Of course, this is also due to Yu Jie’s excellent command.

After the initial establishment of the mountain city system, the first war test it faced was the Mongolian army’s four-pronged attack on Shu in 1246. The Mongolian army's four-pronged attack lost troops and generals in the face of the Song army's defense system. Among them, the Mongolian army Wang Dechen's troops were defeated at the foot of Yunshan City. Wang Dechen was Wang Shixian's son. He inherited Wang Shixian's military strength and official position, and was also an important general of the Mongolian army. and a well-known general, were defeated by the Song army relying on the mountain city when attacking Yunshan City. Wang Dechen's mount was killed by the Song army's artillery stones, and his younger brother Wang Zhichen was also killed.

The reversal of the situation in Sichuan, coupled with the political turmoil in Mongolia, created conditions for the Song army to launch a partial counterattack in Sichuan. From 1246, Yu Jie began to launch a counterattack. After several years of planning and preparation, As well as sending a small group of Song troops for reconnaissance and testing, Yu Jie finally led the Sichuan Song army to counterattack the Mongolian army in 1250 to attack Xingyuan (now Hanzhong, Shaanxi), a large base in Sichuan.

Since 1236, the Mongolian army has used Xingyuan as a large base to attack Sichuan. This proposal was originally proposed by Jurchen Jiagulonggudai, so Wo Kuotai appointed Jiagulonggudai as the leader. He served as the pacification envoy of Xingyuan, and later Guiyou Khan appointed him as the province of Xingyuan. The Jiagulong ancient belt operated Xingyuan for more than ten years. It built Xingyuan into a city with high walls and connected fortresses, and stored a large amount of supplies for the Mongolian army. The Mongolian army used Xingyuan as a large rear base for its many invasions of Sichuan. of.

Xingyuan is Hanzhong in the Three Kingdoms era. There are many passes around it, and there are Qinling Mountains in the north. 悴悴琴? ridgepole quarrels are all? 郧纓cystelement? Laolu? The whole body is in trouble and is thrown away? Fei is the mother's daughter-in-law, the mother's daughter-in-law is the key, the mother is Zheng? The thumb is the thumb, the capital is the dimeibo, and the thumb is the boss Hua Xingfang's wish is to regain the entire Bashu and return it to the imperial court, so attacking Xingyuan is inevitable and a key goal.

After planning, before attacking Xingyuan, Yu Jie first sent several Song troops to attack the Longshu border on the other side of northern Sichuan to attract the Mongolian army's attention to the west. After that, Yu Jie personally led the main force of the Song army, known as the Hundred Thousand Northern Expedition, from the Jinniu Road north to the border of Qin and Shu, and defeated the Mongolian Marshal Wang Jin of Lilu. Then he defeated the Mongolians three times in Luocun, Xixian (today's Mian County, Shaanxi Province) and other places. The army surrounded Hanzhong by April 1251 of the next year. At the same time, troops were sent to burn down the plank road to prevent the northern Mongolian army from going south to rescue Xingyuan, and then launched an attack on Xingyuan.

The Mongolian troops led by Jiagu Longgu in Xingyuan City were not many, so they could only stay behind closed doors and did not dare to fight. However, due to the strong defense of Xingyuan, and this part of the Mongolian army was specially formed to defend Xingyuan, the Song army could not attack it in a hurry.

The Mongolian army in the north made an emergency aid to the south. Marshal Tuxue of the Mongolian capital led his troops to Dashan Pass. They were unable to go south because the plank road was destroyed. When they were in a hurry, they accidentally caught three Mongolians who had escaped from the Hanzhong area. military. Tuxue pardoned their death penalty and ordered them to lead the way, bypassing the plank road from the path, and achieved another secret crossing of Chencang (now in Baoji, Shaanxi) in military history, but this time from north to south.

The Mongolian army of Tuxue tribe passed through Chencang, went south through Baogu Valley, and suddenly arrived at the foot of Xingyuan City, strengthening the Mongolian army's defense in Xingyuan. At the same time, the Mongolian army and Han general Zheng Ding led his troops to rush to repair the plank road, which was completed soon after. This caused the Mongolian army in the north to continuously move southward, reversing the balance of military power between Song and Mongolia in the Xingyuan area.

Faced with this situation, Yu Jie’s plan to take advantage of the situation and seize Xingyuan could no longer be realized. The Song army could not attack Xingyuan for a long time, and the division veterans were exhausted. Once the Mongolian army attacked from inside and outside, the entire army would be defeated, so Yu Jie made a decisive decision. He led his troops to abandon their heavy ordnance and retreat, and the counterattack on Xingyuan failed.

The next year, 1252, after Mengge Khan ascended to the position of Great Khan, the Mongolian army came first for revenge, and secondly to attack the Song army, and launched another large-scale invasion of Sichuan. The Mongolian army entered Shu from Jinniu Road, passed near Chengdu, and headed towards Jiading (today's Leshan).

Jiading was the foundation of Sichuan in the Southern Song Dynasty. In addition, this was the largest invasion since the Mongolian army invaded Shu in 1246. Yu Jie urgently asked for help from the Southern Song Dynasty court, requesting the transfer of 20,000 Lu Wende troops. People enter Sichuan. Before Lu Wende entered Sichuan, Yu Jie had already dispatched elite soldiers from Sichuan to Jiading for rescue.

Jiading is one of the twenty mountain cities in Sichuan we mentioned earlier. It is a basic point of the Song Army's Sichuan defense. The Mongolian army failed to capture Jiading despite many attacks against it. After Yu Jie led the reinforcements to arrive outside Jiading City, he assigned various Song armies to take turns fighting. During the day, the Jiading defenders used the Mongolian offensive. At night, the Southern Song reinforcements attacked the Mongolian army in multiple ways, and used a large number of powerful crossbows to take advantage of the danger. The Mongolian army suffered heavy losses due to its persistence, and finally had to retreat.

While the Mongolian army was retreating, the mountain towns in the north took the opportunity to attack the Mongolian army. When the Mongolian army arrived, they locked up the mountain city and defended it. When they encountered a small group of Mongolian troops, they took the opportunity to attack and destroy the Mongolian army at night. The Mongolian army This time, the lone army penetrated deeply and failed to capture Jiading. During the retreat, it was restrained and suffered more losses. Before Lu Wende's reinforcements entered Sichuan, the Mongolian army hurriedly withdrew from Sichuan. Yu Jie's mountain city defense system was once again tested. And Mongolia also realized that it would not be able to move south with peace of mind without uprooting the mountain cities in the north one by one.

Unfortunately, shortly thereafter, Yu Jie was framed due to official strife. He was dismissed from all posts and died in depression. It was not until several years after his death that he was rehabilitated. By then, the situation in Sichuan had greatly deteriorated.

Unlike the fierce battles in the upper and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, there were no battles in the Jingxiang battlefield in the past few years. After Meng Gong died in 1246, Jia Sidao took over as the envoy of Jinghu for three years. There was neither good nor bad during this period. Later, Li Zengbo served as the envoy of Jinghu for two years. Li Zengbo greatly increased the garrison strength in Xiangfan area, making Xiangfan truly the strongest military base in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.

In this way, both the Song and Mongolian families got through the war break. In 1252, Meng Ge succeeded the Great Khan and began a new round of attacks on the Southern Song Dynasty.

Meng Ge’s first national strategy was to consolidate the Mongolian front line and prevent the Southern Song Dynasty from counterattacking. At the same time, these newly strengthened military bases on the front line were used as rear bases for the invasion of the Southern Song Dynasty, so that the Mongolian army could besieged for a long time. The first line of defense of the Song Army can also speed up the frequency of wars invading the Southern Song Dynasty. At the same time, Meng Ge reviewed Mongolia's strategic gains and losses in the Southern Song Dynasty since the Wokuotai period, corrected the early chaos of attacking everywhere, dispersing troops, lack of coordination, and fighting independently, and focused the attack on Sichuan in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. area.

For this reason, Meng Ge appointed Kublai Khan, his younger brother, to rule the Han territory (formerly the territory of the Jin Kingdom), and ordered Kublai Khan to move his headquarters south to Shangdu (today's Zhenglan Banner, Inner Mongolia). The land of Jin Dynasty was divided into provinces. At the same time, a large number of military bases and farming were built in areas close to the border of the Southern Song Dynasty. In the Sichuan battlefield, there were Mianzhou Base, Yichang Base, etc., especially Yichang Base, which was the first foothold of the Mongolian army in Sichuan. In order to build In order to destroy it, the two sides fought for four years around this place. In the end, the Song army failed, and the upper reaches of the Jialing River and the Baishui River area became the base and granary for the Mongolian army to move south.

For the base construction in the Sichuan battlefield, the Mongolian army mainly relied on Wang Dechen's planning and persistence. The Jingxiang area relied on the planning of counselor Yao Shu. Under Yao Shu's planning, the Mongolian army set up the Henan Economic and Strategy Department in Bianjing to be responsible for the farming in the Henan area. At the same time, the Mongolian army was stationed in Dengzhou, Tangzhou as an advance base. Zaoyang, Guanghua, Junzhou and other places were also restored as military bases to confront Xiangfan in the Southern Song Dynasty.

In the Lianghuai area, Zhang Rou supported the construction of a river connecting Bianjing to the Huaihe River to facilitate the transportation of military supplies. At the same time, a large number of farms were planted along the north of Huaibei to prepare for the attack. In this way, after several years of early construction in Mongolia, the Mongolian border with the Southern Song Dynasty was a long line of military bases and logistics bases, from northern Sichuan to the lower reaches of the Huaihe River.

After the first step of the strategy was implemented, Mongolia implemented the second step of Mongolia's strategy, the great detour. Kublai Khan was sent to lead the troops to march south to Dali. Although the 300,000 Mongolian troops in Sichuan were transferred to the south at one time and 200,000 were transferred south, the Mongolian troops on the battlefield in Sichuan were unable to launch a large-scale attack. Moreover, the Mongolian troops in the southern expedition were affected by water, soil and weather. As many as 70,000 to 80,000 people died due to factors such as , dense forests, diseases, and wars. However, in the long run, the impact of the conquest of Dali on the entire Song-Mongolian battlefield was beneficial to the Mongolian army.

In fact, as early as 1248, the Mongolian general Touti led his army to bypass the Sichuan Song Dynasty and tried to find a way south from the Qiang tribe to attack Dali. At that time, Yu Jie was appointed as the envoy of Sichuan. Yu Jie knew that the Mongolian army's strategic detour was disadvantageous to the Song army, so he decisively sent two groups of Song armies to march westward, crossing the snowy mountains and intercepting the Mongolian army in front and back. As a result, Tu Yi was captured alive in three battles and three victories. Of course, Kublai Khan's main force of the Mongolian army went south this time, and it took a longer detour. Kublai Khan entered Tubo territory in Gansu and marched south to Dali. Therefore, starting from Lintao, Gansu in August 1253, by December of that year Then Dali City was conquered. Since this paragraph is not relevant to our topic, we will skip it.

Just when Kublai Khan conquered Dali, northern Sichuan suffered a severe drought in the spring of 1254, and the Jialing River was too shallow to sail. At that time, the Mongolian army Wang Dechen's troops were building a base in Yichang. At that time, due to the lack of food by the Mongolian army, they had to attack Sichuan in advance to grab food. At this time, Yu Jie had been dismissed from his post and investigated.

It just so happened that Yu Hui, the newly-appointed envoy to Sichuan, was conducting random conquests in Sichuan, which made people dissatisfied. In April, the Mongolian army entered the Jiange area. Song generals Nan Yongzhong, Gao Gui and others surrendered to the Mongolian army at Longqing Mansion. Kuzhu Pass, the key pass in northern Sichuan, fell into the hands of the Mongolian army. Yu Hui led the Song army northward, intending to resist the Mongolian army.

In May, Marshal Tie Gehuo Luchi and other troops of the Mongolian army, who led troops to attack Sichuan on the orders of Meng Ge Khan, arrived in Lizhou and joined Wang Dechen's troops to prepare for the southern attack. The Mongolian army raided the Song army's Yu Hui camp stationed at Zijin Mountain (today's Yanting). The Song army was defeated and all military pay and equipment were lost. After Yu Hui fled back to the rear, he was dismissed from his post by the Southern Song Dynasty court due to the defeat of Zijin Mountain, and Li Zengbo was appointed full-time Responsible for Sichuan defense.

In June, the Mongolian army entered Hezhou and Guang'an, and a force once again surrounded Jiading for fifty days, but still failed to capture Jiading. Due to the surrender of Nan Yongzhong and others, Kuzhu Pass and many surrounding hilltop fortresses fell into the hands of the Mongolian army. Only a few isolated cities were left, which were protected by the persistence of Song generals Wang Zuo and Wang Jian. The rebel general Nan Yongzhong once led his troops to besiege, but Wang Jian scolded him until he cried and retreated.

After Li Zengbo took office, the Song army began to launch a counterattack in this local area, and the Mongolian army also began to shrink and retreat. In August, the Song Army recaptured Anxi Fort. In October, the Song Army commanded Duan Yuanjian to recapture Longqing Fort. After that, the Song Army used Anxi Fort as a base to prepare to recapture Kuzhu Pass. In December, Zhou Derong, a general under the rebel general Nan Yongzhong, wanted to re-loyal to the Southern Song Dynasty and made a secret agreement with Duan Yuanjian to regain Kuzhu Pass. Unexpectedly, he was discovered by the Mongolian army. Zhou Derong was captured and died unyieldingly. The Song generals Ma Hui and Bai Duan who were accompanying him also died in the battle. . However, the Song army reorganized their troops and attacked again. After a hard battle, they finally regained Kuzhu Pass, which had been lost for eight months. As Anxi, Longqing, Kuzhu and other places were successively recovered by the Song army, the Mongolian army had to withdraw from the Jiange area and return to the Yichang base.

However, by this time, the Mongolian army had initially established a base in Yichang and began to gain a foothold in Sichuan, and Dali had been pacified. The Mongolian army had a strategic advantage over Sichuan, so Mengge Khan again A three-pronged pincer attack on Sichuan was planned as a practice for a major invasion. For this reason, Mengge Khan ordered the Mongolian troops at Yichang Base, the Mongolian troops at Xingyuan Base, and the Mongolian troops in Dali area to attack the Sichuan area of ??the Southern Song Dynasty in 1255 AD, and join forces in the Chongqing area, the defense center of the Song Army in the Sichuan area. .

As a result, in the spring of 1255, the Mongolian army in the Xingyuan area began to move south along the Jinniu Road. The vanguard Liu Qige and Allu Ali of Wanhu led the Mongolian army to attack Bazhou (today's Bazhong). Unexpectedly, they were defeated by the Song army and were surrounded in the Bazhou area. It was not until the Mongolian generals Suge, Hudu, Zhali and others led their troops to rescue that they broke through the siege and continued to advance southward. Due to repeated resistance from the Song army along the way, it was not until November 1 He only entered the Chongqing area after a month.

After resting for several months, the Mongolian army of Tie Gehuo Luchi set out from Yichang in May 1255, with Southern Song rebel general Nan Yongzhong and others as the vanguard, and once again broke through Kuzhu Pass. Defeated the Song general Meng Da and intercepted a large amount of supplies from the Song army. They then advanced to Yunshan City, but were unable to capture the strong resistance of the Song army. They then turned south and advanced to the Chongqing area in November.

The last leg was the Wulianghetai army heading north from Yunnan. Wulianghetai was the son of the famous Mongolian general Subotai. He accompanied Kublai Khan on his expedition to Dali. Kublai Khan went ahead after capturing Dali City. Banshi left the Wuliang Hetai tribe to pacify the remaining forces in Dali, and used Yunnan as a base to plan an attack on the southwestern region of the Southern Song Dynasty. In August 1255, Wu Liang Hetai set out from Dali and conquered all ethnic groups in the southwest along the way. In October, he entered the Southern Song Dynasty and broke through Shimen Pass, a border pass of the Southern Song Dynasty. The Wuliang Hetai tribe originally planned to directly attack Xuzhou, an important town in the southwest border of the Southern Song Dynasty, but was resisted by the Song army commander Zhang Shi. Zhang Shi was a famous Song army general on the battlefield in Sichuan at that time. He used various methods to The Mongolian army was attacked by water and land. The two armies fought fiercely along the Jinsha River. In the end, the Mongolian army was unable to advance along the Jinsha River. Wu Lianghetai could only lead his army to turn eastward and change its goal to advance towards the Chongqing area.

In this way, by November 1255, the three Mongolian armies arrived in the Chongqing area to join forces after going through hardships. The exhausted veterans were unable to launch attacks on the strongholds in the Chongqing area, and could only achieve strategic goals. The exercises were divided into destinations, and then each returned along the original road. By February 1256, they all returned to their original place.

On the surface, the Mongolian army's three-way meeting was at a disadvantage to the Mongolian army. However, through this attack, the Mongolian army verified the strategic possibility of dividing the north and south to attack Sichuan, and prepared the way for Meng Ge Khan's personal expedition to Sichuan. Prepared for strategic exploration. At the same time, the Southern Song Dynasty court also noticed the deficiencies in southwest defense through this invasion. In fact, as early as ten years ago when Meng Gong was still alive, while proposing the three-layer theory of barriers, he pointed out several deficiencies in the defense of the Southern Song Dynasty. One of them was the deficiencies in the southwest-facing defense from Guizhou, Guangxi to southern Sichuan. In this way, Mongolia Although the army could not detour around the Jingxiang battlefield due to the resistance of the three layers of the fence, it could detour to the southwest and attack Guangxi and Hunan from Yunnan, making a strategic detour, that is, going behind the Song army's defense. However, the Southern Song Dynasty court at that time failed to pay attention to this point. After the three armies of the Mongolian army joined forces this time, the Southern Song Dynasty had to pay attention to the defense of Yunnan.

Question from the questioner 2011-06-15 18:30

Please read my question carefully. I am asking when did Yu Jie pass from the Mongolian army after 1237? To recapture Chengdu? Let me tell you, Yu Jie died in 1253, which means he took back Chengdu between 1237 and 1253. I didn't ask for the information on the Huaiyin battlefield. Why are you copying such a large portion online? But thank you anyway.

Supplement from the respondent 2011-06-15 18:53

Oh~~! I wanted to answer your question slowly! It’s just too thin! How many! There are probably hundreds of thousands of words! I’ll give you a section!

I'm looking to see if there is anything you want

Answer's supplement 2011-06-15 18:57 In the 40 years from 1236 to 1276, the army and people of Bayu only With a mere 90,000 troops, they fought more than 3,400 times with dozens of times the Mongolian army. They killed the Mongolian Khan Mengge, the Mongolian general Wang Dechen, and killed and wounded 110,000 Mongolian troops. Diaoyu City alone was defended by the Song Dynasty. 36 years of loyalty to the country.

Main battles:

In 1231, Mongolian general Tuo Lei led 200,000 Mongolian troops to invade Sichuan. The Mongolian troops entered Jianmen Pass and captured Santai Langzhong. In this area, Sichuan's envoy Gui Rulan abandoned Chengdu and fled to Chongqing in panic. Hearing that the Mongolian army was withdrawing to the north, he stopped and landed in Hechuan.

In 1236, the Mongolian Khan's second son Kuo Duan led an expeditionary force. , claiming that 500,000 people entered Shu. They captured Yangpingguan in September and Chengdu in October. After Chengdu was defeated, the Mongolian army massacred people. "Dignitaries of the Three Dynasties in the Song Dynasty" recorded that 1.4 million soldiers and civilians were massacred in Chengdu alone, and the houses and cities were burned to the ground. All.

The Mongolian army then captured and swept through 54 prefectures and counties in Sichuan. In Chongqing, Hechuan and Fengjie, the Mongolian army encountered resistance and nearly 10,000 casualties, but failed to capture the three cities of Chongqing, Hechuan and Kui. He had no choice but to withdraw from Shu.

In 1237, he took a sea voyage and led 300,000 Mongolian troops into Sichuan, captured Guangyuan, Chengdu, and Suizhou. He fought fiercely with the defenders in Chongqing for six months, but was severely damaged by the navy and evacuated Sichuan.

In 1238, Dahai led 800,000 troops into Sichuan, and headed south along the Jialing River according to his troops. They fought fiercely in Hechuan for three months and retreated without success.

In 1241, Dahai and Tu Xue invaded Sichuan again and captured more than 30 cities in Hanzhou and Chengdu. He was ambushed in Yongchuan, failed again and retreated.

In 1242, Xuan Yu sent Yu Jie to build Diaoyu City, Duogong City and Tiansheng City. Waiting for 20 mountain cities to resist the Mongolian army.

In 1243, the Song army relied on the mountain cities to fight the Mongolian army 36 times, and none of the 20 mountain cities were lost.

In 1250, Yu Jie led his army to recover Chengdu, Hanzhou.

In 1251, Meng Ge inherited the throne of Khan and was named Xianzong. In 1258, the Great Khan Meng Ge personally led 80 troops and surrounded Chongqing in three groups. Meng Ge on the west route led 350,000 , Kublai Khan led 250,000 troops on the middle route, and Wang Dechen led 200,000 troops on the east route.

In May, Wang Dechen was killed by Wang Jian in Diaoyu City; in July, Meng Ge Khan was wounded by artillery at the east gate of Diaoyu City. , died in Bei Hot Spring.

In 1260, Kublai Khan succeeded to the throne and was named Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty

In 1276, the Southern Song Dynasty fell.

In 1277, Chongqing There were more than fifty fierce battles between , He, Wan and Kui.

In 1279, Diaoyu City fell

Answer’s Supplement 2011-06-15 18:59

In 1236 AD, the Yuan Dynasty captured Chengdu twice and massacred successively. "Chengdu Records" "There are 1.4 million skeletons in the city, not counting those outside the city.", "The Shu people died, and fifty people gathered together, stabbed them all with knives, and accumulated their corpses. At dusk, I doubted that they were dead. Stab it again." In the remaining eighty years of the Yuan Dynasty, Chengdu was in dilapidated condition and never improved.