What is the origin and significance of the Double Ninth Festival?

The origin of the Double Ninth Festival:

The origin of the Double Ninth Festival can be traced back to the early Han Dynasty. It is said that in the palace, on September 9 every year, Cornus officinalis is accompanied, fed with bait and drunk with chrysanthemum wine.

In order to live longer; After the love princess Qi of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang was killed, the maid-in-waiting Jia was also expelled from the palace, and this custom spread to the people.

In ancient times, people had the custom of climbing mountains on this day, so the Double Ninth Festival was also called "Mountain Climbing Festival". According to legend, this custom began in the Eastern Han Dynasty. There were many poems about mountain climbing in the Tang Dynasty.

Most of them are the custom of writing the Double Ninth Festival; Du Fu's Seven Laws "Ascending the Mountain" is a famous article about climbing the mountain in Chongyang. There are no uniform rules wherever you go.

Generally, climbing mountains and towers. There is also the custom of eating "Chongyang cake". Exquisite Chongyang cake should be made into nine layers, like a pagoda, with two upper layers.

A lamb, in line with the meaning of Chongyang (sheep). Some people even put red paper flags on Chongyang cakes and light candles. This is probably using "light" and "light"

Eat cake instead of "climbing" and use a small red paper flag instead of dogwood.

The Double Ninth Festival also enjoys chrysanthemums and drinks chrysanthemum wine, which originated from Tao Yuanming. Tao Yuanming is famous for his seclusion, his poems, his wine and his love for chrysanthemums. After ...

People are effective, so Chongyang has the custom of enjoying chrysanthemums. In the old days, in order to get close to Tao Yuanming, scholar-officials often combined chrysanthemum appreciation with feasting. Kaifeng, the capital of Northern Song Dynasty

Chrysanthemum appreciation on Chongyang was very popular, when there were many kinds of chrysanthemums. After the Qing dynasty, the custom of enjoying chrysanthemums was particularly prosperous, and it was not limited to September 9, but it was still

It is the most prosperous around the Double Ninth Festival.

The custom of inserting Evodia rutaecarpa in the Double Ninth Festival was very common in the Tang Dynasty. The ancients thought that inserting Evodia rutaecarpa on the Double Ninth Festival could take refuge and eliminate disasters. Or wear it on your arm.

Or as a sachet, put Cornus officinalis in it and wear it on your head. Most of them are worn by women and children, and in some places, men also wear them. heavy

Ge Hong's Miscellanies of the Western Classics in the Jin Dynasty recorded Yang Jiechi Pei Jiao.

In addition to wearing dogwood, chrysanthemum is also inserted in the Double Ninth Festival. This happened in the Tang Dynasty and has been popular since ancient times. The custom of Beijing Double Ninth Festival in Qing Dynasty was to stick chrysanthemum branches and leaves.

The doors and windows say "get rid of evil and filth and get rich." This is the vulgarization of the chrysanthemum on the head. In the Song Dynasty, colorful tapirs were cut into horns and chrysanthemums to give to each other.

Yes

Legend about the origin of the Double Ninth Festival (Double Ninth Festival comes from a fairy story in Taoism);

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a young man named Huan Jing in runan county, with both parents and a wife and a son. Although life is hard, it is half-baked.

Half a grain will do. Who knows, unfortunate things have come. There are plagues on both sides of the Ruhe River, every family is sick, and no one is burying bodies everywhere. this

One year, Huan Jing's parents also died of illness.

When Huan Jing was a child, he heard an adult say, "There is a god of plague living in Ruhe, who goes out for a walk every year. Wherever it goes, it will carry the plague.

Where are you going? Huan Jing is determined to learn from the teacher and destroy the evil for the people. I heard that there lived a big fairy named Fei Changfang on the southeast mountain. He just

Pack your bags and set off for the mountains to learn from the teacher.

Fei Changfang gave Huan Jing a demon-reducing dragon sword. Huan Jing got up early and went to bed late, dressed in Dai Yue, and practiced day and night. Another year, that day.

Huan Jing was practicing his sword when Fei Changfang came forward and said, "On September 9 this year, the plague god of Ruhe will come out again. Hurry back to your hometown and kill people. I'll give it to you, Julie

A bag of dogwood leaves and a bottle of chrysanthemum wine help the elders in their hometown climb the mountain to avoid disaster. "Fairy said," with a finger, a crane spread its wings and landed on Huan.

Before the scene. Huanjing boarded the crane and flew to Runan.

Huan Jing returned to his hometown and called the villagers. Tell everyone what daxian said. On September 9, he led his wife, children and fellow villagers to board the ship.

I visited a nearby mountain. Cornus officinalis leaves are divided into pieces, saying that they can be carried with you, so plague demons can't get close. Everybody, pour out the chrysanthemum wine again.

I pecked it and said I didn't catch the plague after drinking chrysanthemum wine. He arranged for the villagers, returned home with his dragon sword, and sat alone in the house.

Inside and out, just wait for the plague demon to come and fight to subdue it.

After a while, I heard Ruhe roaring and the strange wind spinning. The god of plague came out of the water, walked ashore, crossed the village, and reached thousands of households, but no one was seen.

Suddenly I looked up and saw people gathering on the high mountain. It jumped to the foot of the mountain, only to feel the pungent smell of alcohol, and Cornus officinalis rushed to the lungs, afraid to climb near, and then

Turned and walked to the village. I saw a man sitting in the room. Just shout and jump forward. Huan Jing saw that athel Loren was coming, so he drew his sword to fight.

After several rounds, Mo Wen fought with him, but he ran away. Huan Jing whoosh threw out the demon dragon sword, only to see the sword shining with cold light and stabbing Wen.

The demon chased him, pierced his heart and lungs, and knocked the plague demon to the ground.

Since then, the people on both sides of the Ruhe River have never been harmed by the plague demon. People told my father about climbing mountains to avoid disaster on September 9 and stabbing demons with swords in Huan Jing.

Son, son to grandson, has been passed down to the present. Since then, people celebrate the Double Ninth Festival and have the custom of climbing mountains on the Double Ninth Festival.

Activities and customs of Double Ninth Festival:

Autumn is crisp, sweet-scented osmanthus is fragrant, and the Double Ninth Festival on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month is full of activities and fun, including climbing mountains, enjoying chrysanthemums and drinking chrysanthemum wine.

Eat Chongyang cake, insert dogwood and so on.

Climb the peak

In ancient times, Chongyang had the folk custom of climbing, so Chongyang Festival was also called "Climbing Festival". According to legend, this custom began in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Written by scholars in Tang dynasty

There are many climbing poems, most of which are the custom of writing the Double Ninth Festival. Du Fu's Seven Laws "Ascending the Mountain" is a famous article about climbing the mountain in Chongyang. No matter where you climb,

There are no uniform rules, but generally climbing mountains and towers. There is also the custom of eating "Chongyang cake".

Eat Chongyang cake

According to historical records, Chongyang cake, also known as flower cake, chrysanthemum cake and five-color cake, is made randomly. At dawn on September 9, take a piece of cake.

The original intention of the ancients to make cakes in September is that children have heads on their heads and words in their mouths, and wish them all the best. Exquisite Chongyang cake should be made into nine layers, like a pedestal.

The pagoda is also made of two lambs to conform to the meaning of Chongyang (sheep). Some people even put red paper flags on Chongyang cakes and light candles. this

Probably, the meaning of "climbing" is replaced by "lighting a lamp" and "eating a cake", and the red paper flag is used instead of Cornus officinalis. There is still no fixed variety of Chongyang cake today.

The soft cake eaten on Double Ninth Festival is called Double Ninth Cake.

Enjoy chrysanthemums and drink chrysanthemum wine.

The Double Ninth Festival is the golden autumn season of the year, and chrysanthemums are in full bloom. It is said that appreciating chrysanthemum and drinking chrysanthemum wine originated from Tao Yuanming, a great poet in Jin Dynasty. Tao Yuanmingyi

Famous for seclusion, poetry, wine and chrysanthemum; Later generations have followed suit, so Chongyang has the custom of enjoying chrysanthemums. In the old society, so did literati and officialdom.

Chrysanthemum appreciation and banquet are combined into one, which is closer to Tao Yuanming. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the capitals Kaifeng and Chongyang enjoyed chrysanthemums, and there were many varieties of chrysanthemums.

In various ways. People also call September of the lunar calendar "Chrysanthemum Month". On the Double Ninth Festival, when chrysanthemums are in full bloom in Ao Shuang, it has become an important festival to see chrysanthemums.

Content. After the Qing dynasty, the habit of enjoying chrysanthemums was particularly prosperous, and it was not limited to September 9, but it was the most prosperous around the Double Ninth Festival.

Evodia rutaecarpa and chrysanthemum

The custom of inserting Evodia rutaecarpa in the Double Ninth Festival was very common in the Tang Dynasty. The ancients thought that inserting Evodia rutaecarpa on the Double Ninth Festival could take refuge and eliminate disasters. Or wear

Wear it on your arm, or as a sachet, put Cornus officinalis in it and wear it on your head. Most of them are worn by women and children, and in some places, men also wear them.

. Ge Hong's Miscellanies of the Western Classics in the Jin Dynasty recorded that Kaunus participated in the Double Ninth Festival. Besides wearing dogwood, people also wear chrysanthemums. Since the Tang dynasty

In this way, it has prevailed through the ages. In the Qing Dynasty, the custom of Beijing Double Ninth Festival was to stick chrysanthemum branches and leaves on doors and windows, "to get rid of evil and filth, and to make money into treasure". this is

Vulgarization of chrysanthemum on the head. In the Song Dynasty, some people cut ribbons into dogwood and chrysanthemum and gave them to each other.

The custom of celebrating the Double Ninth Festival in various places

In addition to the above common customs, there are some unique festivals in various places.

In the official harvest season of the Double Ninth Festival in northern Shaanxi, there is a song that says: "In September, there will be nine Double Ninth Festival, so autumn harvest is busy. Xiaomi, Xiaomi, go

Yes, I went to the stadium. "The Double Ninth Festival in northern Shaanxi is in the evening, and the day is a whole day of harvesting and threshing. In the treetops at night, people like to eat buckwheat noodles and boiled sheep.

Meat, after dinner, people go out of the house in twos and threes, climb the nearby hills, light a fire, and talk about everything until the cock crows. night

When climbing a mountain, many people pick a few wild chrysanthemums and wear them on their daughters' heads to ward off evil spirits.

In Puxian, Fujian, people follow the ancient custom of steaming nine layers of Chongyang rice fruit. In ancient China, there was a custom of "eating bait" on Double Ninth Festival, and "bait" is now.

Pastry, rice fruit and the like. The Jade Candle Collection in the Song Dynasty says: "Those who drink chrysanthemum wine during the solar eclipse on the 9th will harvest millet and glutinous rice at that time, so that they will touch each other because of the glutinous rice flavor."

Tasting new things becomes a habit. Song Zuqian, a poet of Puxian in the early Qing Dynasty, said in "Nine Songs of Fujian": "When you smell the festival near Chongyang, you are shocked to hear the wild incense, and you can pick up the wild incense with your hand basket. Tamp into a jade pestle

Green powder is wet, and pearls are called langwei. "In modern times, people have transformed rice fruit into a distinctive nine-fold rice fruit. Run out of high-quality late rice

Wash with water, soak for 2 hours, take out and drain, mix with water and grind into slurry, add alum (dissolved in water) and stir, add brown sugar (mixed with water and boiled until the sugar is thick).

Liquid), then put it in a steamer on the pot, spread a clean cooking cloth, then scoop in rice slurry for nine times, steam it a few times, then take it out of the cage and wipe the rice noodles.

Peanut oil. This rice fruit is divided into nine overlapping layers, which can be uncovered and cut into water chestnuts. Four-sided, translucent, sweet, soft and palatable, not sticky.

Teeth can be called the best gift for respecting the elderly in Chongyang.

In some places, people also have the opportunity to climb mountains, sweep graves and commemorate their ancestors in Chongyang. Chongyang worships ancestors more than Puxian Qingming.

So there is a saying that March is a small Qingming and September is a big Qingming. Due to the coastal area of Puxian, the ninth day of September is also the anniversary of Mazu's ascension, and there are many villagers.

Go to the Tianhou Palace and the Palace Temple in Mazu Tempel or Meizhou Port to offer sacrifices and pray.

After the founding of New China, the activities of the Double Ninth Festival have enriched new contents. 1989, China double ninth festival was designated as the festival for the elderly. On the first day, all over the country

Everyone should organize the elderly to climb mountains in autumn, broaden their horizons, exchange feelings, exercise, and cultivate people to return to nature and love the motherland.

Moral quality.

The ninth day of the ninth lunar month is the traditional Double Ninth Festival. Because in the ancient Book of Changes, "six" was defined as yin number, and "nine" was defined as yang number. On September 9, the sun and the moon combined with yang, and 29 was the most important, so it was called Chongyang, also called Chongyang. The ancients thought it was an auspicious day to celebrate, and this festival was celebrated from a very young age.

The activities to celebrate the Double Ninth Festival are colorful and romantic, which generally include traveling to enjoy the scenery, climbing high into the distance, watching chrysanthemums, planting dogwood everywhere, eating the Double Ninth Festival cake, drinking chrysanthemum wine and other activities.

Double Ninth Festival, because it is homophonic with "long", and nine is the largest number in the number, which means long life. Moreover, autumn is also the golden season of harvest in a year, and the Double Ninth Festival has far-reaching influence. People have always had special feelings for this festival. There are many excellent poems in Tang poetry and Song poetry to congratulate the Double Ninth Festival and chant chrysanthemums.

Today's Double Ninth Festival has been given a new meaning. 1989, China designated September 9th as the festival for the elderly, skillfully combining tradition with modernity, and becoming a festival to respect, care for and help the elderly. At this time, organs, organizations and streets all over the country often organize retired old people to enjoy the scenery in autumn, or play near the water, or climb mountains to keep fit, so that their bodies and minds can be bathed in the embrace of nature; The younger generation of many families will also help the elderly to go to the suburbs or prepare some delicious food for the elderly.

The Double Ninth Festival was mentioned in Chu Ci during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Qu Yuan's Journey wrote: "Set Chongyang into the Emperor's Palace and see the capital of Qing Dynasty ten days later." The "Double Ninth Festival" here refers to the sky, not just festivals. In Nine Days Zhong You written by Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei in the Three Kingdoms period, it was clearly written that Chongyang kept the festival: "From the year to the month, I suddenly returned to September 9. Nine is the number of yang, and the sun and the moon coincide. It is well known and considered suitable for a long time, so it is a feast. "

Tao Yuanming, a scholar in Jin Dynasty, said in the preface to the poem "Idle for Nine Days": "I am idle and love the name of Nine. Autumn chrysanthemums are full of gardens, but they are sad, empty for Jiuhua, and precious words are like gold. " Chrysanthemum and wine are mentioned here at the same time Probably in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there was a custom of drinking and enjoying chrysanthemums on the Double Ninth Festival. In the Tang Dynasty, Chongyang was officially designated as a folk festival.

In the Ming Dynasty, on the Double Ninth Festival in September, the palace would eat flower cakes together to celebrate, and the emperor would personally climb the Long Live Mountain to celebrate his autumn ambition. This custom has been passed down to the Qing Dynasty.

Legend of Double Ninth Festival

Like most traditional festivals, the Double Ninth Festival has ancient legends.

According to legend, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a plague demon in Ruhe. As soon as it appeared, people in every household fell ill and died every day, and people in this area were ravaged by plague demons.

A plague killed the parents of the teenager Hengjing, and he almost died of illness himself. After he recovered from his illness, he bid farewell to his beloved wife and fellow villagers and decided to go abroad to study fairy arts to rid the people of the plague. Heng Jing visited teachers everywhere and famous scholars all over the world. Finally, he found an oldest mountain in the east. There is a miraculous fairy on the mountain. Under the guidance of the crane, Hengjing finally found the mountain and the immortal with magical power. The immortal was moved by his spirit, and finally took in Heng Jing, taught him the sword to subdue the demon, and gave him a sword to subdue the demon. Hengjing forgot to eat, sleep and practice hard, and finally became an extraordinary martial art.

On this day, the immortal called Heng Jing to his side and said, "Tomorrow is the ninth day of September, and the plague god will come out to do evil again. When you learn the skill, you should go back and kill the people. " Xianchang gave Hengjing a pack of dogwood leaves and a cup of chrysanthemum wine, and secretly taught him how to ward off evil spirits and let Hengjing ride a crane home.

Hengjing returned to his hometown. On the morning of the ninth day of September, according to the fairy's instructions, he led the villagers to a nearby mountain and gave everyone a dogwood leaf and a cup of chrysanthemum wine to prepare for subduing the evil spirits. At noon, with several strange calls, Mo Wen rushed out of the Ruhe River, but just as Mo Wen jumped down the mountain, he suddenly smelled the strange fragrance of Cornus officinalis and the alcohol smell of Chrysanthemum, and his face suddenly changed. At this time, Heng Jing chased Mo Wen down the mountain with a demon sword in his hand, and stabbed him to death in a few rounds. Since then, the custom of climbing mountains on the ninth day of September to avoid epidemics has been handed down year after year. Wu Yun, a native of A Liang, recorded this point in his book Qi and He Xu.

Later, people regarded the custom of climbing on the Double Ninth Festival as an activity to avoid disasters. In addition, in the traditional concept of people in the Central Plains, the Double Ninth Festival still means longevity, health and longevity, so the Double Ninth Festival was later established as the festival for the elderly.

Autumn is crisp, sweet-scented osmanthus is fragrant, and the Double Ninth Festival on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month is rich in activities and interesting, including climbing mountains, enjoying chrysanthemums, drinking chrysanthemum wine, eating double ninth cake and inserting dogwood.

Climb the peak

In ancient times, Chongyang had the folk custom of climbing, so Chongyang Festival was also called "Climbing Festival". According to legend, this custom began in the Eastern Han Dynasty. There are many climbing poems written by scholars in the Tang Dynasty, most of which are the custom of writing the Double Ninth Festival. Du Fu's Seven Laws "Ascending the Mountain" is a famous article about climbing the mountain in Chongyang. There is no uniform rule for climbing mountains. Generally, we climb mountains and towers. There is also the custom of eating "Chongyang cake".

Eat Chongyang cake

According to historical records, Chongyang cake, also known as flower cake, chrysanthemum cake and five-color cake, is made randomly. At dawn on September 9th, put a cake on the child's head and say something in his mouth, wishing the child all the best. This is the original intention of the ancients to make cakes in September. Exquisite Chongyang cake should be made into nine layers, like a pagoda, with two lambs on it, which conforms to the meaning of Chongyang (sheep). Some people even put red paper flags on Chongyang cakes and light candles. This probably means "lighting a lamp" and "eating cakes" instead of "climbing", and using a red paper flag instead of dogwood. At present, there is still no fixed variety of Chongyang cake, and the soft cakes eaten around Chongyang Festival are called Chongyang cakes.

Enjoy chrysanthemums and drink chrysanthemum wine.

The Double Ninth Festival is the golden autumn season of the year, and chrysanthemums are in full bloom. It is said that appreciating chrysanthemum and drinking chrysanthemum wine originated from Tao Yuanming, a great poet in Jin Dynasty. Tao Yuanming is famous for his seclusion, his poems, his wine and his love for chrysanthemums. Later generations have followed suit, so Chongyang has the custom of enjoying chrysanthemums. In the old days, literati and officialdom also combined chrysanthemum appreciation with banquets in order to get close to Tao Yuanming. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng was the capital, and chrysanthemum appreciation on Chongyang was popular. At that time, there were many varieties and shapes of chrysanthemums. People also call September of the lunar calendar "Chrysanthemum Month". On the Double Ninth Festival, when chrysanthemums are in full bloom in Ao Shuang, watching chrysanthemums has become an important part of the festival. After the Qing dynasty, the habit of enjoying chrysanthemums was particularly prosperous, and it was not limited to September 9, but it was the most prosperous around the Double Ninth Festival. 、

Evodia rutaecarpa and chrysanthemum

The custom of inserting Evodia rutaecarpa in the Double Ninth Festival was very common in the Tang Dynasty. The ancients thought that inserting Evodia rutaecarpa on the Double Ninth Festival could take refuge and eliminate disasters. Or wear it on your arm, or make a sachet and put it in it, or wear it on your head. Most of them are worn by women and children, and in some places, men also wear them. Ge Hong's Miscellanies of the Western Classics in the Jin Dynasty recorded that Kaunus participated in the Double Ninth Festival. Besides wearing dogwood, people also wear chrysanthemums. This happened in the Tang Dynasty and has been popular since ancient times. In the Qing Dynasty, the custom of Beijing Double Ninth Festival was to stick chrysanthemum branches and leaves on doors and windows, "to get rid of evil and filth, and to make money into treasure". This is the vulgarization of the chrysanthemum on the head. In the Song Dynasty, some people cut ribbons into dogwood and chrysanthemum and gave them to each other.

The custom of celebrating the Double Ninth Festival in various places

In addition to the above common customs, there are some unique festivals in various places.

In the official harvest season of the Double Ninth Festival in northern Shaanxi, there is a song that says: "In September, there will be nine Double Ninth Festival, so autumn harvest is busy. Xiaomi, Xiaomi, go up and up. " The Double Ninth Festival in northern Shaanxi is in the evening, and one day is a whole day of harvesting and threshing. In the evening, in the treetops, people like to eat buckwheat noodles and instant-boiled mutton. After dinner, people go out of their homes in twos and threes, climb the nearby hills, light fires, talk about the land, and wait until the chickens crow before going home. When climbing mountains at night, many people will pick some wild chrysanthemums and put them on their daughters' heads to ward off evil spirits.

In Puxian, Fujian, people follow the ancient custom of steaming nine layers of Chongyang rice fruit. In ancient China, there was a custom of "eating bait" on Double Ninth Festival, which is today's cake and rice fruit. Jade Candle Collection in Song Dynasty said: "Those who drink chrysanthemum wine after the ninth eclipse will harvest millet and glutinous rice at that time, and taste new things because of their sticky taste, thus becoming a habit." Song Zuqian, a poet of Puxian in the early Qing Dynasty, said in "Nine Songs of Fujian": "When you smell the festival near Chongyang, you are shocked to hear the wild incense, and you can pick up the wild incense with your hand basket. The jade pestle is smashed into green powder and the pearl is called Langwei. " Since modern times, people have transformed rice fruit into a unique nine-fold rice fruit. Wash high-quality late rice with clear water, soak it for 2 hours, take it out and drain it, mix it with water and grind it into slurry, add alum (dissolved in water) and stir, add brown sugar (boiled with water to make a thick sugar solution), then put it on a steamer, spread a clean cooking cloth, then scoop in rice slurry for nine times, steam for a few minutes and cook it out, and coat peanut oil on the rice noodles. This rice fruit is divided into nine layers, which can be uncovered and cut into water chestnuts. Four sides are distinct and translucent. It is sweet, soft and delicious, and it doesn't stick to teeth. Respect for the elderly is the best gift for Chongyang.

In some places, people also have the opportunity to climb mountains, sweep graves and commemorate their ancestors in Chongyang. Puxian people worship their ancestors in Chongyang more than Qingming, so there is a saying that there is a small Qingming in March and a big Qingming in September. Due to the coastal area of Puxian, the ninth day of September is also the anniversary of Mazu's ascension to heaven. Villagers often go to the Tianhou Palace and the Palace Temple in Mazu Tempel or Meizhou to pray.

After the founding of New China, the activities of the Double Ninth Festival have enriched new contents. 1989, China double ninth festival was designated as the festival for the elderly. On this first day, all localities should organize the elderly to climb mountains and have an autumn outing, broaden their horizons, exchange feelings and exercise, and cultivate people's noble character of returning to nature and loving the motherland.