Common sense of freezing and its countermeasures

1. What is the best way to prevent and solve frostbite

Frostbite is a common disease in winter, but after late autumn, the temperature drops suddenly, and the peripheral parts of human blood circulation such as hands, feet and auricles are easy to cause frostbite because of poor venous return. Once frostbite occurs, it is often difficult to cure in cold season. To reduce the occurrence of chilblain, cold-resistant exercise should be started in late autumn.

specific prevention methods: after getting up in the morning and taking a lunch break, washing your face with cold water to improve the blood circulation on your face is also an exercise for people's will and cold tolerance, which plays a great role in preventing frostbite. You can also use the interval between washing your hands, face and feet every day to gently rub your skin until it is slightly hot, so as to promote blood circulation. Also pay attention to local warmth, and use masks, gloves, windproof earmuffs, scarves, etc. when going out. Shoes should also be warm, but not too tight. At the same time, strengthen physical exercise, such as dancing and skipping rope.

Local * * * is the best way to prevent chilblain:

Hands * * *: Put your hands together and rub them repeatedly to make them warm, then the left hand grips the back of the right hand and rubs hard, and then the right hand grips the back of the left hand and rubs them repeatedly for 15 2 times.

arch of foot * * *: Sit on the bed, bend your knees, with your feet facing each other, press your right foot with your left hand, press your left foot with your right hand, and press hard with both hands at the same time. Repeat * * * 15 for 2 times.

Legs * * *: Sit on the bed, straighten your legs, hold the left thigh root tightly with both hands, rub it down to the ankle, and then rub the right thigh root once at a time, * * * for 15 to 2 times.

Ear * * *: Put the index finger and thumb on the front and back sides of the upper part of the helix, knead it from top to bottom for 8 times, and then knead it from bottom to top for 8 times, which has the effect of preventing and treating chilblain in the ear shell.

2. What are the changes in the freezing process?

The freezing function is to freeze the moisture in the ice cream ingredients, that is, to reduce the temperature of the ingredients: from the aging temperature to the freezing point.

The freezing point of ice cream decreases with the increase of sugar content. When the sensible heat is removed and the ice crystals are not formed, the temperature in the freezing machine decreases very quickly, and this process takes only a few minutes. At this time, the rapid whipping process can break the gel structure of ice cream ingredients and decompose the fat globules in the ingredients, thus reducing the viscosity of the ingredients, and the rapid whipping can also accelerate the air being sucked into the ingredients.

When the ingredients are cooled to freezing point, liquid water begins to partially turn into ice crystals, which increases the concentration of sugar and other solids dissolved in water, which is commonly called freeze concentration. At this time, the freezing point of the concentrated solution will be lowered. In order to get more ice crystals, we must continue to reduce the blessing and take away the heat, but the temperature will drop slowly at this time, because the concentration of the unfrozen part will rise, which will reduce the child node.

when the temperature continues to drop, more ice crystals are formed, and the concentration of sugar and other solid components increases to a certain extent, the freezing process will not be carried out, so that the remaining water will not become ice crystals again. The freezing temperature of ice cream should not be too low, otherwise the ice cream is not easy to be released from the freezing machine, because the lower the freezing temperature, the more viscous the ice cream is.

The internal structure of frozen ice cream can best explain the freezing effect. The texture of ice cream is influenced by many factors, but it also depends on the ice crystals, bubbles and unfrozen substances it contains. The physical structure of ice cream is a complex physical and chemical system. Bubbles are dispersed in a large liquid with or without ice crystals. The liquid also contains solidified fat particles, milk protein, insoluble salts, lactose crystals, colloid stabilizers, sugars and soluble salts in real solution.

3. Measures to deal with frostbite

Frostbite is a common disease in winter. When you get chilblain, it is unbearable to itch lightly, and it will fester in severe cases, which will bring great pain to people. But most people regard it as a minor problem and don't want to go to hospital for treatment. In fact, there are many good medicines for treating chilblain in the kitchen. Patients with chilblain may wish to have a try.

Chili peppers are soaked in Chinese liquor for a week, and then applied to the unbroken chilblain area, which can diminish inflammation, relieve pain and relieve itching.

fresh ginger slices are applied to skin prone to frostbite for several days to prevent frostbite from regenerating. If chilblain has been born, it can be heated with fresh ginger juice and boiled into a paste. After cooling, it can be applied to the affected area of chilblain twice a day for 3 days, which can be effective.

Radish Slice the radish, bake it with a heat source such as electric stove or charcoal fire, stick it on the chilblain affected area, and continue baking. The distance and heat should be comfortable. After a few minutes, the chilblain can feel itchy, once or twice a day, until the swelling goes down.

Chinese cabbage and tomato roots Take the same amount of Chinese cabbage and tomato roots, wash them, fry them in thick soup, and wash the affected parts while they are hot, once a day in the morning and evening.

Hawthorn: Bake 1 piece of Hawthorn on the stove until it becomes soft, then rub it into a mud paste and apply it to the affected area. At the same time, put the affected limb above the stove and bake it, gently rub the affected skin while applying it until the hawthorn mud is dry, and wash it off, 3~5 times a day.

Honey Pig Ointment is made of honey and hot lard according to the ratio of 4∶1, which is effective in treating chilblain.

The external application of egg butter has a good effect on the ulcerated chilblain. During the treatment, the wound is cleaned with 3% hydrogen peroxide solution, then coated with egg butter, and then wrapped with gauze. Generally, the wound can heal and scab in 3~5 days. Method of making egg butter: Cook fresh eggs, peel off the shell and protein, leave the yolk on an iron spoon, slowly bake it in slow fire, and then precipitate the egg butter, cool it and bottle it for later use.

4. solutions to chilblain

chilblain focuses on prevention:

clinically, it is found that although many people know that they are prone to chilblain, they still do not pay attention to prevention. Whenever the cold season comes and frostbite breaks out, I think of keeping warm and cold or going to the hospital for treatment, and then I have missed the best treatment opportunity.

If you are a person with poor cold resistance or cold allergy, when the temperature drops suddenly, the blood will be concentrated in the internal organs at a faster speed than the average person to ensure the normal work of the body. However, the blood in the peripheral parts such as hands, feet and ears will decrease sharply, resulting in the temperature drop of the skin and superficial muscles in the hands, feet and ears, which will easily lead to frostbite. Therefore, it has been suggested that the best time to prevent frostbite is late autumn and early winter.

The specific method to prevent frostbite is to soak the parts where frostbite often occurs in previous years, such as hands and feet, with cold water from late autumn to early winter. Soak for half an hour every day, then soak for one hour, and then pay attention to local warmth. For example, when going out in cold weather, use masks, gloves, windproof earmuffs and scarves early. Shoes should also be warm, but not too tight. In addition, in the late autumn and early winter season, you can eat some beef and mutton isothermal supplements to enhance your body's cold tolerance. If it is a person diagnosed as yang deficiency and internal cold by traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese patent medicines such as Liuwei Dihuang Pill can be taken orally as soon as possible to prevent it.

If you are a person with poor cold resistance or cold allergy, when the temperature drops suddenly, the blood will be concentrated in the internal organs at a faster speed than the average person to ensure the normal work of the body. However, the blood in the peripheral parts such as hands, feet and ears will decrease sharply, resulting in the temperature drop of the skin and superficial muscles in the hands, feet and ears, which will easily lead to frostbite. Therefore, it has been suggested that the best time to prevent frostbite is late autumn and early winter.

The specific method to prevent frostbite is to soak the parts where frostbite often occurs in previous years, such as hands and feet, with cold water from late autumn to early winter. Soak for half an hour every day, then soak for one hour, and then pay attention to local warmth. For example, when going out in cold weather, use masks, gloves, windproof earmuffs and scarves early. Shoes should also be warm, but not too tight. In addition, in the late autumn and early winter season, you can eat some beef and mutton isothermal supplements to enhance your body's cold tolerance. If it is a person diagnosed as yang deficiency and internal cold by traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese patent medicines such as Liuwei Dihuang Pill can be taken orally as soon as possible to prevent it.

Treatment of chilblain:

In the early stage of chilblain, if there is local redness and itching without blisters, you can choose one of the following simple treatment methods.

(1) Take 3g of Arnebia euchroma, decoct it in water and wash it warmly twice a day. (2) Take 9g of Ramulus Mori and 3g of Radix Glycyrrhizae, decoct in water, warm wash or soak the affected area, twice a day. Heat preservation after soaking. (3) Take the peel of winter melon, pepper, mugwort leaf and cassia twig, and decoct them in water for 3 minutes, once or twice a day. (4) Rub the affected area with chili wine (chili is soaked in white wine and sealed for 7 days), lard and honey ointment (mixed with 3% lard and 7% honey), or 1% camphor alcohol several times a day.

In addition, all kinds of anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving ointment, mainly drugs for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, can be applied to the affected area, which has different degrees of curative effect on chilblain patients who are not ulcerated. For beginners, it is generally effective to paste it only once; If it is heavier, it needs to be posted 3 times. Change it every 1~3 days. The size of the plaster can be tailored according to the range of frostbite. Taking the affected area as the center, the application area should be as large as possible, so that the effect will be better.

If chilblain has broken, in addition to preventing infection, it can be coated with 1% sulfur ichthyol ointment, or it can be smoked by decocting pepper stalks in water. The specific method is as follows: pour the freshly fried pepper stalks into a container, cover it with a towel, and first put the broken hands and feet into it to be smoked by steam. After the water becomes warm. Then soak the broken place for about 15 minutes, and clean it with cotton balls.

If chilblain has been infected, the local redness, swelling, heat and pain are severe, or even purulent, you should go to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment in time.

There will be many kinds of ointments for chilblain in the drugstore, so you can choose one suitable for trial.

1. If your chilblain has not festered, you can choose chilblain cream containing capsaicin or scopolamine, such as capsaicin ointment;

2. If chilblain has festered, it is best to go to the hospital to treat the festered surface to prevent infection; You can also buy one of Baiduobang for trial use, but if the ulcerated surface does not improve after 3 days of medication, you must go to the hospital for treatment.

The above is for reference only and does not bear any legal responsibility.

Shaoxing Winter and Winter is for answering questions, please copy it by mistake. Cherish the fruits of other people's labor!

SDSD

5. the best solution to frostbite

frostbitten limbs should be warmed in warm water quickly, and the temperature of water should be tolerable by nurses' hands (not exceeding 4.5℃). Care should be taken to avoid scalding unconscious tissues. If the lower limbs are involved but need to walk a certain distance to receive medical treatment, don't thaw them. Trauma (such as walking) can further aggravate the damage of thawed tissues, and if it is frozen again, it will be sure. If the frozen part is not thawed immediately, it should be cleaned gently, kept dry and protected with sterile bandage until it is thawed warmly. This relatively stable method is feasible. Patients can take 4mg of ibuprofen and keep warm if possible.

during the general examination in the hospital, the limbs should be placed in a large container to keep warm, and the water temperature should be kept at 38~43℃. After warming up, microwave temperature measurement, laser Doppler flow measurement, angiography or magnetic resonance imaging can be used to check the peripheral circulation to guide treatment and improve prognosis. Prevention of infection is very important. If gangrene is dry, infection is unlikely. But wet gangrene, like soaking feet, may be infected; Antibiotics should be used. If immunization is not recent, tetanus toxoid should be given.

After warming, limbs should be kept dry, exposed to warm air and as sterile as possible. Most patients have dehydration and blood concentration. Fluid replacement should be taken orally or intravenously, and the electrolyte should be restored to normal level. The available medical treatments are not consistent, but the goal is to restore circulation and minimize cell damage. The most effective drugs are low molecular dextran, ibuprofen and buflomedil. Strong intra-arterial or intravenous administration and chemical or surgical sympathectomy are rarely used now, but they are still useful for late burning pain. Nutrition and mental state need special attention, and the operation should be postponed as much as possible, because the black hard shell can often fall off and leave living tissue. "Frostbite in the first month, surgery in July" is a correct motto. The best long-term treatment is whirlpool bath and gently dry and rest after bath. There is no treatment for long-term persistent symptoms after frostbite (such as numbness and cold allergy).

6. Measures to deal with freezing rain

Since the beginning of the new year in 211, Weining Autonomous County, known as Sunshine City, has been shrouded in freezing rain due to the continuous low temperature and freezing rain.

The bad weather closed the provincial highway S12 and the national highway G326. Large-scale icing occurs in power facilities of the power grid; Residents' domestic water is threatened ... So, a tough battle against freezing, road protection, electricity protection and people's livelihood started in this county. In the recent 1-day interview, the reporter was always moved by the people and things that emerged on the front line of anti-freezing-the passenger cars crossing the border passed safely, and the police cars and salt trucks that opened the way spent the night in the side ditch. "On January 9, Sunday, during the day, it was sleet and freezing rain, and the temperature was-3 C to-6 C."

This is the hourly weather forecast issued by the Meteorological Bureau of Weining Autonomous County at 7: am on January 9th. In order to ensure the smooth flow of the provincial highway S12 between Weining and Liupanshui, on the morning of January 9, more than 3 staff members of the traffic police brigade and highway management section of the county public security bureau set off dragging 5 tons of snowmelt salt.

at 11: a.m., they arrived at Shanwangmiao section of No.12 provincial highway, where the freezing was the worst, and started intense work. After more than two hours of fighting, the road surface slowly thawed under the action of snowmelt salt, and with anti-skid sand, more than 1 buses trapped began to pass slowly.

In order to ensure that the passing buses are infallible, Ma Yue, the political commissar of the Public Security Bureau in charge of the traffic police brigade in this county, and Luo Dongya, the team leader, explored the road in front with a police car and slowly passed by with the buses. When the police car traveled to the exit section of Shanwangmiao, because the temperature was too low, the road surface that had just been melted by snowmelt salt was heavy and frozen. The police car that explored the road in front suddenly lost control and fell into the side ditch, and the salt-spreading car behind it dragged the snowmelt salt to the rescue, and it also lost control and fell into the side ditch.

The staff had to pull the snowmelt salt from the car, get the anti-skid sand from the roadside, and direct the vehicles to pass while sprinkling salt. They were busy until 5 pm before more than 1 vehicles were politely delivered to the safe area. When the drivers and passengers who arrived at the safe area got off the bus and were ready to walk back to help the staff rescue the police car and salt sprinkling car trapped in the side ditch, Ma Yue said, "You should go quickly and get to the county town as soon as possible while ensuring safety, otherwise the temperature will be even lower after nightfall. If the road ahead freezes again, all of us can't walk, so you can leave our car alone and we will find a way."

In this way, more than 1 passenger cars passed the section safely, while the staff's patrol car and salt sprayer spent the night in the cold side ditch ... De-icing team: On January 8th, for the light in the cold winter, more than 1 cadres and people in Guanfenghai Town of Weining Autonomous County got up early in the morning. They carried long bamboo trunks, walked from village to village, and cleared the ice on the transmission line one meter at a time. This is just a microcosm of the de-icing measures taken by the county to ensure normal power supply.

in order to effectively cope with the impact of bad weather on the power grid and ensure the normal power supply in the county, the county power department launched an emergency plan, set up 36 deicing teams, and realized the "township"