The story of Confucius and Laozi

1 Lao Tzu's story of going through customs (second edition)

Lao Tzu finally saw that the Zhou Dynasty was getting weaker and weaker and had been deformed. He decided to run away and fly away. This is going to talk about Lao Tzu going through customs.

I want to go to the state of Qin and the western regions, and I must pass through Hangu Pass. Another way of saying this is great diversion. Hangu Pass was probably originally located in today's Lingbao County, Henan Province, and later it was moved to today's Xin 'an County, Henan Province. The two mountains face each other here, with a path in the middle. Because the Tao is in the valley, it is deep and dangerous, and it seems to be in the letter, so it is named Hanguguan.

The head of the customs guard is Yin, who is called Guan Ling Yin. On this day, he stood on the gate and watched, only to see a purple gas coming from the valley in the east of Ran Ran. Xi is a man with profound cultivation and knowledge. As soon as he saw this weather, he thought, there is a saint coming! Only a saint can have such a cloud. Today, there must be saints passing by my city. I don't know who it is. Not long after, I saw a man with extraordinary personality and sage like type riding a green cow and slowly coming to the pass. It's Lao Tzu! Guan Lingyin Xi knew that he was going to fly away, so he must let this most famous thinker leave his wisdom, so he pestered him to write some works as a condition for him to go through the customs.

Of course I don't want to, but I won't let Yin pass unless I promise to. He won't give you a passport and visa! I have no choice, so I have to agree to these conditions. Besides, I promised him for another reason. According to Records of Historical Records, Guan Ling ordered Yin to be "good at learning the stars", so he could see astronomical phenomena, stars and clouds, and knew he was a saint when he saw purple gas floating. Even if we see this purple gas, we can't read it. It is said that Xi himself has a book called Guan Zi Ling. I also admire this wise man who "takes its essence and hides its benevolence" and "knows its wonders", so I have a feeling of meeting my bosom friend and let me write a book for him. What a pleasure it is to write for a bosom friend?

At that time, I meditated and wrote his wisdom word for word on bamboo slips. I wrote the first part, and then the next part, which is said to have been written for a few days. I wrote a number, * * * with 5000 words, named Tao Te Ching. The first book is called Tao Te Ching, and the second book is called Tao Te Ching, which is divided into 8 1 chapter. So an earth-shattering masterpiece "Five Thousand Words" was born! It is said that Xi was deeply intoxicated and attracted by such a wonderful book. He said to Lao Tzu, "After reading your book, I don't want to be a border officer anymore. I want to elope with you. " I smiled and agreed. It is said that Guan Ling Yin Xi really ran away with Lao Zi. Later, someone saw them together in quicksand in the western regions, and they all lived for a long time!

Laozi's going abroad has always been legendary and is interpreted with relish. Mr. Lu Xun also became interested in this, specially created a new story "Laozi Going through Customs", and also had a little pen-and-ink dispute with others. In addition, the "purple gas coming from the east" in Laozi's going abroad has also become a gene in China culture. The royal family regards "purple gas" as auspicious and auspicious things. You see, if a child is born purple, the ancients thought that this child must have great promise. People's homes also regard "purple gas" as a symbol of good luck, so words like "purple gas comes from the east" are written on the gate. Ancestors also believed that where there is treasure, there will be purple gas in the sky.

Interestingly, the "green cow" that Lao Zi rode also became a famous image in Taoist culture, and the green cow later became the mount of immortal Taoist priests. Later, "green cow" became synonymous with Laozi, and Laozi was also called "green cow teacher" and "green cow Weng". This green cow is also regarded as a god cow by people in Lao Tzu's hometown. It is said that Lao Tzu flew there by this green cow when he went through customs. There is also a wonderful legend.

Today, in the northeast corner of Luyi County, Henan Province, Lao Zi's hometown, there is also a high platform about 13 meters, which is called "Laojuntai" and "Shengsentai". There is a Laozi temple on the platform. There is an iron column with a thick bowl mouth buried in front of the temple, which is called "Mountain Whip". According to legend, when I was in my fifties, I gave lectures here. There are many roads from my home, and we all go through a mountain called "Yin-Yang Mountain". The mountain is very high and blocks the sun. There is no sun in the north of the mountain. There is no grass in the ice and snow. The sun in the south of the mountain is like fire, crops are dying, and the people are miserable. Seeing all this, Lao Tzu wants to save the people, but he is willing but can't. Now I have flown over Hangu Pass on a green cow, knowing that I have become an immortal, and the green cow can speak human words, so I want to let the green cow fly back to my hometown to manage the mountain together. When I arrived at my hometown, I whipped the mountain, the top of which was cut off and flew to Shandong, becoming Mount Tai. Another whip, the mountainside arrived in Henan and became Pingdingshan. At this time, the tip of the whip was broken and the broken whip flew to Shanxi. When I saw that there was only one rod left in my whip, I stuck it in the ground. This is the origin of this iron crutch. Lao Tzu was beaten away by the green cow again, and the whip and stick stayed there forever. The people thanked Laozi for driving away the mountains, because the weather was good in Laozi's hometown from now on. The common people call the earthen platform where Laozi stood when he drove the mountain away with a whip "Climbing to Sendai" and the iron pillar on the ground "Driving the Mountain Whip". Tang Gaozu Tang Gaozu addressed Lao Zi as "the old gentleman on the throne" and called this podium "the podium of the old man". He also built a temple to offer sacrifices. How rich people's imaginations are! After reading this legend in my hometown, I feel that I am living among the people with flesh and blood! Laozi's culture is accumulated bit by bit, while China's profound culture is derived bit by bit and accumulated layer by layer.

Sima Qian's Historical Records says: "Confucius lived in Chen at the age of three, and Jin Chu fought for strength and even attacked Chen." In 489 BC, Chu and Wu made peace, and the two armies confronted each other. The situation was tense and explosive, and the breach of trust (now Xinyang, Henan) became the front line. Confucius, who lived in a negative letter, had to bid farewell to Ye Gong, a doctor of Chu who was polite and diligent in asking questions about politics, accepted the appointment of King Zhao of Chu and prepared to move the capital to Chu.

In autumn and October, sweet-scented osmanthus is fragrant, the wheat waves are rolling and the rice is golden. Confucius took Luz, Zigong and Yan Hui along the Dabie Mountains and across the country, ready to go to Du Yun. They marched on the ancient plank road in a carriage. The scenery along the way is rich: farmers work with hoes in the fields, and shepherds graze cattle and sheep in the mountains. The river twists and turns, crystal clear; Rows of trees shade the sun and bamboo forests sway with the wind; The villages are closely connected, with traffic, the sound of chickens and dogs, and sometimes the melodious flute echoes in the air. When it gets dark, they will live in a nearby village, or ask the villagers to understand the history, customs and human feelings at that time, collect folk songs and folk songs, or hold a forum to discuss and preach the profound truth of "benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith". Sometimes I will stay in a village for two or three days to collect some information.

One day, accompanied by hoofbeats and endless dust, they came to the old street south of Daoguan River in Xinzhou. I saw Damushan lying like a beautiful woman under the blue sky and white clouds, with high winds and dense forests; Shahe is clear and flowing; Lion Rock is like a fierce lion, devouring the sun and the moon. Here, beautiful scenery, birds and flowers, is a fairyland on earth. Not far from the street south, the driver suddenly pulled the reins, Ma Si roared and the car stopped.

Confucius said, "Why stop?"

The coachman replied, "Master, there are a group of children in the way ahead."

"Let them make way."

"Kid, why don't you make way when you see the carriage coming?" Zi Gong jumped out of the car and said grumpily.

"Why should we make way? Can't you go the other way? " A child who seems to be a leader replied.

Zi Gong glared and roared, "Do you know whose car this is? Tell you, this is Confucius' car! "

I heard that Zi Gong had an argument with the child, so Confucius had no choice but to get off the bus and find out for himself. Seeing a handsome old man with elegant shirt and elegant manners, the children were fearless and disapproving, and continued to build their "city" with stones.

Confucius stroked the head of a handsome little boy and said kindly, "Little childe, would you please move the stone and let us pass?"

The child looked up at Confucius and said, "Mary, we are building a city."

"Well, I have a question. If you can't answer, you can make way for us. " Confucius believes that people should serve others with "courtesy" and children should be treated equally.

"Get out," the child thought. I am Gao Jiao, the guardian of the Tibetan history of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Can you still beat me?

Confucius asked, "Listen carefully, are parents and husband and wife close?"

"Husband and wife." The child replied.

"No, parents. Without parents, there will be no offspring! "

"Husband and wife, no husband and wife, no parents!" They have their own opinions, and no one can convince anyone. "Parents" and "husband and wife" are repeated twice.

Confucius said: Parents have food and clothing. Parents raise children, eat and drink Lazarus, educate adults, preach and teach students, so don't worry! Of course parents are close.

Xiang Tuo returns the favor: husband and wife love each other, men plow and women weave, sleep on pillows, take care of each other, love each other for a long time, grow old together and never part. One day, the husband and wife will still be grateful! Husband and wife, of course

……。

Confucius thinks that Kong Qiu is famous all over the world, and I am called the sacred China. Today, I still can't convince a child, "endure if you can, endure if you are cooked!" " On second thought, "gentlemen don't dispute", I am tolerant as the sea, and my knowledge is not as good as that of a child. He took away the value of a great scholar and bowed: "A child prodigy is on earth, and the old lady is polite. We have important things to do. We look forward to your help and lend us a way. "

The child said confidently, "Excuse me, sir, has the city given way to the car or the car given way to the city since ancient times?"

Lutz said, "Which city are you from? Just a child's game! "

"It's a city!"

Hold the reins for a while. Knowing that he was wrong, the child asked, "Do you have anything important?"

"Travel around the world, preach and teach." Confucius said.

"You must have a set of skills and talents to preach and teach. What do you know? "

Confucius said, "I don't boast. I know a thing or two from astronomy to geography. "

The child said, "Astronomy and geography know everything. Then I ask you, how many eyebrows do you have? "

Confucius said, "I can't see my eyebrows. How do I know how many? "

The child had a brainwave and then asked, "If you don't see Feng, can you see the stars in the sky? How many do you think? "

"There are too many stars in the sky, a dime a dozen. How can you count it? " Confucius said awkwardly.

The child smiled and said, "Oh, you have too many. There is only one sun, like an ice tray in the morning and a Yuhuan race at noon. When will it come near us? " When is it far from us? "

Confucius thought for a long time and murmured, "OK, OK ... I really don't know. You are a child prodigy, only Chu Youcai! I still hope that everyone will give me more advice. "

The child said, "I'm afraid to teach you. I have my hands full right now. See you later. "

At this time, all the disciples were shouting, "Master, let's go!" " Confucius had to bow to the child: "See you later! "I thought to myself, this knowledge really hasn't been studied well! Immediately, the driver turned around and made a detour.

I didn't expect to walk for about a kilometer, because the wheel of the car was broken because of a sharp turn just now. Confucius had no choice but to ask Luz to borrow an axe from the village in front to repair it.

Lutz hurried to the front village and saw a middle-aged woman weaving in the room. Lutz respectfully said, "Aunt, please borrow something." Before Lutz finished, the woman turned and took out a shiny axe from the back room. "Here you are!" "Lutz was surprised. How did she know it was an axe? The woman smiled and said, "Don't you want to borrow something? "? " "East" is the wood of the East, "West" is the gold of the West, the handle of the axe is wood, the axe is iron and the "gold" is iron. You want to borrow an axe! "Lutz ran back to the parking lot with an axe and told Confucius what had just happened.

Confucius sighed after listening. I met a clever child just now and now I meet a village woman. She is not only helpful, but also very clever. Can't help but admire: Chu is a land of hidden dragons and crouching tigers!

The child who stumped Confucius was Xiang Tuo. Warring States policy? Qin Ce said: "Gan Luo said: Xiang Tuo was the teacher of Confucius at the age of seven." Confucius and Xiang Tuo asked each other, a well-known literary work, not only spread throughout China, but also spread to Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Russia and other countries long ago. "Saint Amethyst" also contains: "In the past, Zhongni studied under Xiang Tuo; The ancient sages are still eager to learn. "

Therefore, the problem between Confucius and Xiang Tuo is an eternal beauty talk. Because eastern Hubei said that some people like to argue glibly and try to sharpen their mouths, he named the place where Confucius asked questions as Mozuiyan and the place where Confucius detoured to repair cars as the carriage return port to punish his affairs.

2.

For a moment, the wind bullied the bamboo,

The rain in the river brings autumn.

Fish are swimming, shadows are sinking,

Print books and leave things behind.

Although Chang Ju and Jie lived in seclusion in the mountains, they did not close their eyes. They know that they once asked Confucius: "The Lu rebellion originated from Ji's family, and everyone understands it. However, why is it more confusing to understand? " Ask Confucius to point out the maze. Confucius replied at that time: "Because you only know one country and one person, but you don't know the world." It can be seen that Confucius knows but is not fascinated. The implication of what is often said: Confucius knew both Lu's "maze" and Chu's "maze", so he didn't tell each other about the ferry. Confucius and his party had to ask others. When they came to the ferry, they saw an old man ferrying. Lutz said, "boatman, please take us across the river."

"Ok, please get on the carriage." The boatman struggles with bamboo poles, the horse crosses the river with a wooden boat in the water, and the horse can swim.

When the boat reached the middle of the river, the wind suddenly blew and the wooden boat shook in the waves. The ship went up and down, unstable like a drunk, and everyone on board lost their center of gravity. The whole boat and carriage couldn't stand the turbulence, and the wind was surging, so the boat tilted and fell into the river. Confucius, his disciples and others became a drowned rat and fell into the water, and their clothes were all wet. The problem of people falling into the water is not too serious, and it is not cold in the south at this time. Unfortunately for my books, Confucius shouted, "Help me with those books!" " "

There is a folk proverb: Confucius moved all the books. Confucius was eager to learn all his life, and he was happy to forget the best. He didn't know that his old age was coming. I carry a lot of books everywhere.

Ancient books are actually seal characters carved or written on bamboo slips. Cai Lun invented papermaking in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Bi Sheng invented movable type printing many years later in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Under everyone's tossing, the carriage was pushed ashore and the book was fished up. However, those books are all soaked in water. Confucius was anxious and looked around, looking for a place to print books. Or Yan Hui young, eagle-eyed, "look! There is a hill on the other side. " The mountain is more than 300 meters high, standing alone on all sides. The top of the mountain is flat and clean, which is two acres square. Confucius' frowning brows spread out. At this time, it is crisp in autumn and the sun shines directly on the mountain, so it is easy to print books. The disciples quickly moved the wet books to the top of the mountain and spread them out to dry. There is no one around. Lutz, Zigong and Yan Hui took off their clothes and wrung them dry.

After some tossing just now, Confucius stood on the top of the mountain overlooking the gurgling water and could not help but sigh: "The water is so beautiful and magnificent! Unfortunately, there is no bridge here. If only there were a bridge here, passers-by wouldn't wade and suffer like us! "

Later, Confucius and his disciples sat on a piece of feldspar more than 20 feet long, took a rest and waited for the book to dry. Lutz recalled his recent trip, and all kinds of misfortunes made him full of complaints, chanting: when practicing etiquette under a big tree in Song Dynasty, Sima Huan wanted to kill his master; Ley was besieged by Dr. Cai Chen for three days, and many people were hungry and sick because they didn't have a grain of rice. In the morning, I was teased by Xiang Tuo's children in the old street, and even people and cars fell into the water in the afternoon, which was really unfortunate. It can be described as "the wind knife forces the tree."

Confucius generously explained: "Heaven is a great responsibility for us, and it is a long way to go to realize the rites of Zhou and return the world to benevolence. Hunger and suffering are inevitable. We must be indomitable and die. "

The mountain where Confucius and his disciples used to print books is behind Jinwen Academy. The mountains are flat, the trees are lush, the bamboo forests are lush, and the crops are shaded. It is called the mountain of drying books. The feldspar on which Confucius sat was called "Sitting Stone". Later, when he stopped to give a lecture, Mo Chi and inkstone were all around him to study ink. Mo Chi is a stream not far from the stone, and the stone beside the stream is as black as ink, hence the name Mo Chi. The word "Mo Chi" is engraved on the stone carvings in Linchi. Although it has a long history, it is still legible. A stone by the pool is shaped like an inkstone, like a pair made in heaven. Every time the weather changes, there is "ink" leaching, and the pool water will not dry up after a long drought.