Cultivation method and management method of Lipu taro

Taro is shade-tolerant, so it should be planted closely. There are two ways to plant taro: one is the traditional single-row ridging cultivation with equal row spacing, and the other is the new wide-narrow row double-row ridging cultivation.

The planting density of single row ridging with equal row spacing is: 30-40 cm for multi-seed taro and multi-head taro, and 70-80 cm for row spacing. It is suitable to plant about 3,000 plants per 667m2 for ordinary open cultivation, and 4,000 plants for organic taro can be planted if it is cultivated in the early stage of protected land.

The spacing of Kuiyu plants is 50 ~ 60cm, and the row spacing is100 ~10 cm, with 700 ~ 800 plants per 667m2. Central China and areas with low soil fertility and management level can be densely planted, with about 24,000 plants per 667m2.

The planting density of wide and narrow rows and double ridges is: multi-seed taro and multi-head taro with large row spacing of 70-80 cm, small row spacing of 25 cm and plant spacing of 30-40 cm, with 3500-4500 plants planted every 667m2.

The width of taro double-row planting is 160 ~ 180 cm, the width of ditch is 60 ~ 80 cm, and the row spacing of plants in the row is 70 ~ 80 cm. Plant about 800 plants per 667m2.

Second, the cultivation techniques of taro

(1) The prepared taro has strong adaptability to soil. Taro can be planted in all kinds of soil, from sandy soil to yellow mud, but loam with strong water retention and good irrigation and drainage should be chosen. Water taro is suitable for growing in water and is usually cultivated in paddy fields, low-lying areas or ditches.

When taro is continuously cropped, the growth is poor, the yield is reduced and the rot is serious. Continuous cropping of taro reduces production by 20-30% a year, so it should be rotated for more than 2-3 years.

Organic taro requires deep ploughing more than 30 cm, and the soil tillage layer of multi-seed taro and multi-head taro is 26 ~ 30 cm. Deep ploughing should be done properly before winter, and ploughing should be done again about 1 week before sowing. After harrowing, furrow planting according to row spacing.

The application of organic fertilizer should comply with the provisions of 4.2 and 5.2 in NY/T394-2000, with organic fertilizer as the main component and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as the auxiliary component. The organic fertilizer can be decomposed compost, manure, cake manure, poultry manure, plant ash, garbage, etc.

(2) Raising seedlings

1, taro selection

Selecting the seed taro in the middle of the mother taro as the seed from the healthy plants in the disease-free field. Taro should have full terminal buds, thick and full bulbs and complete shapes. Multi-seed taro should be planted every 667m2 100 ~ 250 kg. Mother taro can also be used as seeds. Generally, it is more appropriate to cut only about 4 pieces of each taro.

Multi-head organic taro is usually cut into several pieces as seeds, and the amount of seeds varies according to the variety, taro size and planting density, about 50 ~ 200 kg per 667m2. Generally, taro seeds are better, and about 50 kg of taro seeds are needed per 667㎡. Generally, taro should be dried for 2 ~ 3 days before sowing to promote germination.

Step 2 raise seedlings

Dry organic taro can be directly sown or germinated or transplanted 20 ~ 30 days in advance according to actual needs, and taro should be transplanted after seedling raising. Cover a layer of plastic film on a heated seedbed, an insulated seedbed or a well-drained open space facing the sun and leeward, and keep the temperature at 20 ~ 25℃ and proper humidity for accelerating germination or seedling raising. The subsoil of the seedbed should be compacted.

The thickness of the soil on the seedbed is to be able to sow stable taro. The density of organic taro is about 10 cm2. Cover the seedless taro with compost or fine soil, then spray water to keep the seed layer moist, and then cover it with plastic film. Areas with low temperatures are covered with small arch sheds.

On a sunny day, uncover the film for ventilation during the day and cover it tightly at night. Pay attention to the temperature in the bed at any time to prevent the seedlings from burning because of the high temperature in the bed.

(3) planting or sowing

1. When planting taro seedlings, plant them in time when the dry taro buds are more than 4 cm long and when the seedlings are about 25 cm high.

2. When directly sowing taro, sow taro in the pre-dug ditch according to the specified plant spacing, with the top bud facing upwards, and then cover the soil. In order to harvest early, plastic film mulching can be used for planting, which is 15 ~ 20 days earlier than direct seeding.

Plastic film mulching generally adopts wide and narrow rows and double rows of ridging cultivation. First, ditch according to the width of small row spacing of 30-40cm and the depth of 10- 15cm. After pouring the bottom water, the taro seeds are vertically planted in the border with a small row spacing of 25-30cm and a plant spacing of 30-40cm, with 2 rows planted in each border and the bottom fertilizer applied.

The covering depth from the top of the seed taro to the ridge surface is about 10 cm, and the ridge width is 40 cm. Then the ridge surface is finely trimmed, covered with film and compacted.

(4) Site management

1, topdressing and irrigation

A small amount of thin fertilizer was applied to taro seedlings. Later, with the growth of aboveground parts gradually increasing, combined with soil cultivation and topdressing for 3 ~ 4 times. For the first time, deep ploughing was carried out when the first leaf of the seedling was unfolded, and 20 kg of urea was applied every 667m2. When the plant height is 50 cm and there are 3 ~ 4 leaves, the second intertillage is carried out.

50 kg of cake fertilizer and 25 kg of compound fertilizer shall be applied every 667 m2, and the third topdressing shall be carried out before embankment closure, and 25 kg of compound fertilizer and potassium fertilizer shall be applied every 667 m2. Topdressing must be completed before the end of July, and fertilizer and water should be controlled in the long and late stages.

Dry organic taro can keep the soil moist; Adequate water is needed during the peak growth period and bulb expansion period, and frequent irrigation is needed if the climate is dry. Water can be taken from the border surface for irrigation, and each irrigation should be 7 ~ 10 cm away from the border surface to keep the soil moist, and then irrigation should be carried out when the border surface is almost dry.

Irrigation time should be carried out in the morning and evening, and it is forbidden to irrigate at noon in high temperature season, so as to avoid the sudden drop of soil temperature, affecting root absorption and causing leaf withering.

After the organic taro seedlings survive, the water in the field can be drained and dried to raise the soil temperature and promote the growth. In the future, temporary drainage can be carried out before fertilization and soil cultivation, and 4 ~ 7 cm shallow water is often left after soil cultivation. The water depth can be deepened to13 ~17 cm in July and August; Flooding shallow water after the weather turns cold; In September, the water in the field will be discharged for the harvest and storage of taro.

2. ridging and removing lateral buds? Organic taro cultivation can inhibit terminal bud germination, make taro fully expand and produce a large number of adventitious roots, improve drought resistance and adjust temperature and humidity. Generally, in June, bamboo shoots grow rapidly, the mother taro expands rapidly, and the son taro and sun taro are cultivated when they begin to take shape.

Generally, the soil is raised about 3 times, and it is raised every 20 days 1 time. Combined with intertillage weeding and topdressing, the soil thickness is gradually increased, and the thickness can reach about 15 ~ 20cm for the last time. Every time the soil is raised, it should be evenly distributed around.

It is advisable to wipe off the lateral buds and bury them in the soil. There are many taro clusters, so there is no need to remove the side buds.

kind

The main varieties in Fujian are: red taro (also known as red taro), white taro (also known as white taro) and nine-headed taro (dog claw taro). Red taro is named after its red buds. After cutting, its cross-sectional color and taste are not obviously different from those of white taro.

Red taro

The plant height is 90- 100 cm, the leaves are wide and oval, and the petiole is lavender. The mother taro is large and nearly round, with 7- 10 seed taro per plant. The seed taro is fat, with thick skin, brown color, white meat and bright red buds, and the yield per plant is 0.85- 1 kg.

It contains more starch and its quality is very good. Fresh taro can be eaten or dried. Medium. The growth period is 2 10-240 days, the planting period is February-March, and the harvest is September-June. The yield per mu is 1.500- 1.700 kg.

taro

Germination is white, petiole is green, and other forms are basically the same as red taro.

People seldom eat white taro and red taro directly because they are not easy to boil. Generally, it is mashed into cooked products such as taro pulp, and people directly eat the "taro" that tillers for the first time and forms small bulbs. This is an egg-sized taro that is common in supermarkets.

Jiutouyu

The plant height is 80-90 cm. Leaf blade broadly ovate, petiole green. The mother taro and the son taro are clustered, a little more, and the bulbs are obovate, brown and white. The yield per plant is 1.5 kg, and the meat quality is smooth and the taste is light. Vegetables are eaten and dried for medicinal purposes. Late maturity, growing period 270-300 days.

The planting period is February-March, and the harvest is11-65438+February, and the yield per mu is 2500-3000 kg. The taste of Jiutou taro is slightly better than that of white taro and red taro.

Its main uses are rich in nutrition and contain a lot of starch, minerals and vitamins. It is not only a vegetable, but also a grain, which can be cooked, dried or ground.

Because the starch granules of taro are small, which is only one tenth of potato starch, its digestibility can reach 98.8%. In taro processing, taro powder and taro paste can be used to extend the storage time.

Taro can also be used as an ornamental plant, similar to evergreen and evergreen.

Treatment: If taro is not used immediately after peeling, it must be soaked in water. The best way to peel is to handle it in running water or wear gloves, because the mucus of taro can make the skin allergic.

Cooking method can be boiled in water for about 20 minutes, steamed in microwave oven, or baked for about 25 minutes, but the pulp will dry and have a strong taste. If coated with cream or sauce, taro can be round.

Cut taro into slices or pieces, stir-fry with soy sauce first, and then stew with water for more than ten minutes. It tastes very delicious.

Steamed betel nut taro; Mash; Add enough cooking oil, sugar, fried sesame bean powder, etc. , and steamed for 10 minutes, which is a sweet and delicious Fujianese dish "taro paste" and very popular.

Chinese medicine believes that taro has the effects of stimulating appetite, promoting fluid production, diminishing inflammation and relieving pain, benefiting qi and tonifying kidney, and can be used to treat stomachache, dysentery and chronic nephritis. According to nutritional analysis, taro contains sugar, dietary fiber, vitamin B group, potassium, calcium and zinc, among which dietary fiber and potassium are the most.

References:

Taro-Baidu Encyclopedia