When was television invented?

Television was not invented by anyone. It is the crystallization of a large group of people in different historical periods and different countries. As early as the19th century, people began to discuss and explore ways to convert images into electronic signals. 1900 The word "TV" appeared.

1On June 2nd, 925, John Logie Baird, a scot, scanned the image of a puppet in an experiment in London. People usually regarded him as the symbol of the birth of television, and he was called the "father of television". However, this view is controversial. Because, also in that year, American vladimir zworykin showed his TV system to his boss in Westinghouse.

Although the time is the same, the TV systems in John Logie Baird and vladimir zworykin are quite different. Historically, John Logie Baird's television system was called mechanical television, while Sforokin's system was called electronic television. This difference is mainly due to the different transmission and reception principles.

The development of television is complicated. Almost at the same time, many people are doing the same research.

American RCA 1939 introduced the world's first black-and-white TV set, 1953 formulated the national color TV standard, and 1954 introduced RCA color TV set.

The development of television

Christmas 1883

German electrical engineer Ni Pukov made the first experiment of emitting images by mechanical scanning with his invented "Ni Pukov disk". Each picture has 24 lines, and the image is quite blurred.

1908

Kemper Swinton of Britain and Roshenko of Russia did not put forward the principle of electronic scanning, which laid the theoretical foundation of modern electrical technology.

1923

Soviet Zvare blonde understood the electrostatic storage camera tube. The electronic scanning picture tube was invented in 1998 and is the pioneer of modern television photography.

1925

John Lodge Baird of Britain has made new research work based on the "Pukov disk" and invented the mechanical scanning TV camera and receiver. At that time, the resolution of the picture was only 30 lines, and the scanner could only scan the scanning area five times per second. The painting itself is only 2 inches high and 1 inch wide. Performing for the public in a big shop in London.

1926

Baird performed radio and television programs for the British press.

1927—— 1929

Baird first tried to broadcast electromechanical TV through telephone line; The first short-wave TV experiment; The BBC began to broadcast TV programs continuously for a long time.

1930

Realize the synchronous playback of TV images and sounds.

193 1 year

Put the movie on the TV screen for the first time. People watched the live broadcast of the famous local jockey club in Britain on TV in London. -The United States invented a kinescope television device that can reflect 25 images per second.

1936

The BBC adopted Baird's electromechanical television broadcasting, and broadcast high-definition television images for the first time, which entered the practical stage.

1939

American Radio Corporation began broadcasting all-electronic television. Swiss Philip invented the first black-and-white TV projector.

1940

Gullmar Company of America has developed an electromechanical color TV system.

1949 12 17

The first television cable laid between London, England and Sutton Colfield was opened.

195 1 year

American H. Lowe invented the three-gun shadow mask color picture tube, and Lorenz invented the single-gun color picture tube.

1954

Texas Instruments developed the first all-transistor TV receiver.

1966

American radio company has developed integrated circuit TV sets. Three years later, a color TV receiver with electronic tuning device came out.

1972

Japan has developed a color TV projector.

1973

Digital technology is used in TV broadcasting, and experiments prove that digital TV can be used in satellite communication.

1976

Britain has completed the research of "TV Library" system, where users can directly consult news, books, newspapers or magazines with TV sets.

1977

Britain developed the first batch of portable TV sets.

1979

The world's first "cable TV" was opened in London. It was invented by the British Post Office. It can transmit the information in the computer through the ordinary telephone line and display it on the user's TV screen.

198 1 year

Sony Corporation of Japan has developed a pocket-sized black-and-white TV with a 2.5-inch LCD screen and battery power supply.

1984

Panasonic Corporation of Japan launched "Cosmic TV". The picture of the system is 3.6 meters wide and 4.62 meters high, which is equivalent to 2 10 inch. You can put it on a big truck and play in the streets and squares. The system adopts the "high brightness color LED" exclusively developed by Panasonic, which can obtain colorful images outdoors even during the day.

1985 March 17

At the Tsukuba Science Expo held in Japan, a super-large screen color TV wall built by Sony was unveiled. It is located in the central square, 40 meters long and 25 meters high, with an area of 1000 square meters. The whole building is as high as 14 floors. It is equivalent to a 1857 inch color TV. The super-large screen consists of 36 large luminous screens, each weighing 1 ton and being1.8m thick. 4 rows, 9 works, 450,000 color luminous elements. Through the camera installed at the top, you can show all kinds of activities at the venue at any time and play all kinds of advertising videos of Sony.

1985

British Telecom (BT) launched an integrated digital communication network. It provides users with voice, fast chart transmission, fax, slow scan television terminal and so on.

199 1 year165438+1October 25th.

The HDTV of Sony Corporation of Japan started trial broadcasting: its scanning line is 1 125, which is twice as much as the current 525, and the picture quality is improved by100%; The aspect ratio of the picture is changed from the traditional 9: 12 to 9: 16, which enhances the audience's sense of presence; The viewing angle of the tablet machine is extended from 10 to 30 degrees, which makes the map feel deeper; The "pixel" of TV has increased from 280,000 to 6.5438+0.27 million, and the amount of information per unit area has increased by nearly four times ... So the distance to watch HDTV is not seven times that of the screen in the past, but three times, and the sound is realistic, and the four-channel high-fidelity stereo is infectious.

1995

Sony Corporation of Japan introduced an ultra-miniature color TV receiver (that is, a handheld color TV), which is only the size of a palm and weighs 280 grams. There are speakers and earphone holes, and the LCD screen is about 5.5 cm. Although the picture looks small, the image is clear. Its most obvious feature is to use the human body as an antenna to get the viewing effect. When watching TV, you can get the effect similar to an outdoor antenna by putting two wires around your neck.

1996

Sony Corporation of Japan introduced a wall-mounted TV to the market: it is 60 cm long, 38 cm wide, 3.7 cm thick and weighs only 1.7 kg, just like a mural.

1September 2, 958

China began to broadcast black and white TV, and established the corresponding TV industry.

1973

Start the trial broadcast of color TV.

Development history of China TV manufacturing industry

1958, the first Taipei Jingpai 14 inch black and white TV set was born in Tianjin 7 12 factory.

1970 65438+On February 26th, the first color TV set in China was born in the same place, which opened the precedent for color TV production in China.

1978, the state approved the introduction of the first color TV production line and fixed it in the former Shanghai TV Machine Factory, which is now Shanghai Radio and Television Group. 1982 10 was completed and put into production. Soon, Xianyang Rainbow Factory, the first color tube factory in China, was established. During this period, the color TV industry in China has rapidly warmed up and formed a scale. More than 0/00 large and small color TV production lines have been introduced nationwide, and a large number of domestic brands such as Panda, Venus, Peony and Feiyue have emerged.

1985, China's TV production has reached16.63 million sets, surpassing the United States and becoming the second largest TV producer in the world after Japan. However, restricted by the structure, price and consumption power of China's TV market, the TV penetration rate is still very low, and the number of TVs per 100 households in urban and rural areas is only 17.2 and 0.8 respectively.

1987, China's TV production has reached19.34 million, surpassing Japan and becoming the largest TV producer in the world.

1985- 1993, the color TV market in China has achieved a large-scale upgrade from black-and-white TV to color TV.

1993 in the first half of the year, TCL began to launch the "TCL Ace" large-screen color TV. The market price of 29-inch color TV sets is around 6,000 yuan, and by the end of the year, 654.38 million sets have been sold.

1in March, 1996, Changhong announced its first large-scale price reduction to the whole country-the price of color TV sets was reduced by 8% to 18%. Two months later, Konka followed closely and started an unprecedented price war in the history of color TV industry. In April of that year, Changhong's sales jumped to the top of the market, and domestic brands seized a lot of market share of foreign brands through price wars. After the war, the price reduction also led to the reshuffle of the whole color TV industry in China, and dozens of color TV manufacturers withdrew from it.

1999, consumer-grade plasma color TV sets appeared in domestic shopping malls. At that time, the price of 40-inch plasma color TV was above100000 yuan.

In 200 1 year, China color TV industry suffered huge losses, while Konka, Xoceco and Gaoluhua suffered losses, and Changhong only earned 1 cent per share. This situation was not reversed until 2002 through technical upgrading.

In 2002, Changhong announced that it had successfully developed the first LCD TV with the largest screen in China. Its screen size greatly exceeds the traditional industry limit of 22 inches, and the screen size has reached 30 inches. At that time, it was called "China on the Fold".

In 2002, TCL launched the "popularization storm" of plasma TV, which opened the door for plasma TV to go to consumers' homes. Hisense immediately followed up.

In April 2003, Ni launched the popularization plan of rear projection TV, with the highest drop of 40%.

In 2004, the United States began to implement anti-dumping on China color TV sets, which made it impossible for China color TV sets to enter the American market directly.

In 2004, the total sales volume of color TVs in China was 35 million, of which the sales volume of flat-panel TVs was only 400,000, accounting for 1. 14% of the total color TV products.

Since June 5438+ 10, 2004, the sales of flat-panel TVs in several major cities in China have surpassed the traditional CRT (analog) color TVs for the first time.

In the first half of 2005, the sales volume of flat-panel color TVs in China reached 725,000 units, up 260% year-on-year. The ownership rate of LCD TV and plasma TV in urban households reached 3.56% and 2.8 1% respectively.

The present situation of television

Now, television is undergoing a revolution. Present situation of TV technology: One of the most obvious characteristics of TV technology is digitalization. The first is the digitization of program production. In the late 1990s, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) took the lead in establishing the Columbus system in the world. The system makes the storage, editing and playing of BBC TV programs fully digital, that is, without tape, thus greatly improving the work efficiency of BBC and saving the production cost. In addition, the traditional analog cameras and video tapes are gradually being eliminated by the current television institutions, replaced by digital cameras and various emerging record carriers. This change has greatly improved the image quality. Secondly, the transmission technology is also diversified. In addition to the traditional wireless microwave transmission, there are now cable TV, satellite TV and other transmission methods. These new transmission modes effectively reduce the inevitable attenuation of signals during transmission and ensure better reception quality. Finally, the digital transformation of receiving technology. The improvement of sound quality and image quality and two-way interaction are the two biggest benefits brought by the wide popularization of digitalization.

The present situation of television. The TV set used by most people today is not much smaller than it was ten years ago. Because CRT technology is still the most commonly used display technology. The biggest disadvantage of this technology is that the size of the screen is proportional to the volume. And 34 inches is the maximum limit that this technology can reach. This obviously runs counter to people's needs. Therefore, more display technologies have emerged. Such as rear projection TV, LCD TV, plasma TV, etc. At the same time, with the digitalization of TV production and transmission technology, the digitalization of receiving equipment has become inevitable. Digital TV has better display effect and more functions, and can even realize preliminary two-way interaction. Another trend of TV is intelligence, that is, the combination with other electrical appliances, especially with computers. This will make TV more "intelligent" and have more functions, thus breaking through the traditional meaning of TV.

The rapid development of TV media makes people feel at a loss and more confused. Television media is seriously polarized. Well-known TV organizations such as BBC and CNN have strong voice, enhanced professionalism and narrower audience.

The future of television

There are two directions in the production of TV programs. One is more realistic. That is, the event itself is more truly restored. For example, CNN's extensive live broadcast of news events is one of them. The other is more dramatic. For example, contrary to CNN, Fox News used a lot of dramatic language in its program to "exaggerate" the American war against Iraq. Of course, the above two directions are just two different directions of program production, which have always existed. It's just that the characteristics have become more prominent recently. In addition, there are narrow programs and special channels.

At the same time, with the development of science and technology, TV is used by more and more countries as a tool. Because the current national strength is not limited to the traditional "hard" strength such as economy and military. Soft power such as culture should also be considered. Therefore, TV is considered as a good tool to enhance a country's soft power. At present, this trend is getting worse.

Television is a technology as well as a culture. When its cultural level is challenged by other emerging media (such as the Internet), its influence will inevitably decline as before. However, TV will develop greatly as a technology. In the future, TV technology will be more widely combined with other technologies, thus fully facilitating people's lives. For example, the recent combination of TV technology and mobile communication technology makes it possible to provide mobile TV in Norway first. A few years ago, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) organically combined TV technology with the Internet, and turned its core website BBCi into a huge image database, making it at the forefront of the world media in terms of interactive ability.

[Edit this paragraph] TV classification

From the use effect and appearance, it can be roughly divided into four categories: flat-panel TV (plasma, LCD and some ultra-thin wall-mounted DLP rear projection) and CRT CRT TV (flat-panel CRT, ultra-flat CRT, ultra-thin CRT, etc.). ), rear projection TV (CRT rear projection, DLP rear projection, LCOS rear projection, LCD rear projection) and projection TV.

1. Flat-panel TV: The main advantages are that it is quite thin and can be hung on the wall, and their display screen can be made very large (at present, plasma can be more than 60 inches, and LCD can be more than 47 inches). But its disadvantage is that its viewing angle and reaction speed are limited to some extent, and its price is extremely expensive.

2.CRT picture tube TV (here only refers to digital high definition): The main advantages are excellent in all aspects (high brightness and contrast, large viewing angle, fast response and good color reproduction), but its screen is only about 34 inches at most, and it is very thick and bulky, and it also consumes a lot of power. But in comparison, the price is still very cheap.

3. Rear projection (CRT rear projection, DLP rear projection, LCOS rear projection, LCD rear projection): The traditional CRT rear projection is not very popular, and the market has been taken away by digital rear projection (DLP rear projection, LCOS rear projection, LCD rear projection). DLP light display rear projection is popular at present, because it can be said to be a real digital TV, with good performance in all aspects, large screen and small volume (we have said its imaging principle many times, welcome to Xinbao. com to find the answer), and it is the most popular one at present. LCD rear projection is slightly inferior because of its high calorific value and short bulb life.

4. Projection TV: In fact, it is the civilian projector we saw in the company meeting room, which is usually installed at home and can be used to watch movies.

[Edit this paragraph] Maintenance

1. When the machine has abnormal sound or smell, please turn off the power immediately and unplug it. If it is confirmed to be abnormal, don't continue to use it. Please have it repaired by a professional.

2. If you go out for a long time or don't watch TV for a long time, you must turn off the TV, unplug the power plug and disconnect the machine from the antenna during the thunderstorm season.

You can't watch TV during a thunderstorm. Unplug the power plug and antenna before the thunderstorm to prevent lightning strike. According to the national "three guarantees" regulations, lightning strike machines belong to the scope of non-free warranty machines.

4. Do not place inflammable and explosive articles on the TV cover. Candles, electric stoves and light bulbs should not be placed on or near the machine to avoid accidents.

5. Be careful of liquids and metals entering the TV. If liquid or metal falls into the machine, do not turn it on again. Please ask professionals to deal with it as soon as possible.

6, can't use chemical reagents to wipe the machine. Solvents may damage the housing and damage its painted surface. If there is dust and dirt, wipe it with a wet cloth after turning off the TV for ten minutes, and wipe the fluorescent screen with a clean soft cloth.

7. Never wipe the dust screen. The dust-proof fluorescent screen will automatically prevent dust pollution. If there is a little dust or dirt, you can brush it gently with soft silk, and never wipe it.

Maintenance of TV set

1, often adjust the program position to avoid premature damage of the channel button switch.

2. Don't pull the plug hard, so as not to damage the tuner or the circuit in the machine.

3. Use the remote control less to turn on and off, and turn off the main power supply when turning off.

4. In thunderstorm weather, not only the antenna plug should be unplugged, but also the power plug should be unplugged to prevent lightning.

5. Pay attention to the influence of magnetic field to prevent the TV from being magnetized.

6. Put the TV flat to prevent the circuit board in the machine from being deformed and damaged.

7. Pay attention to the heat dissipation of the TV set to prevent overheating damage of components.

8, pay attention to eliminate some hidden dangers in use, to avoid metal foreign objects falling into the TV, such as needles, paper clips, small nails, coins, etc.

9. Avoid water entering the machine, and keep the TV away from water basins, flower pots, tea cups, water heating and other items.

10, families burning coal should pay attention to the corrosion of TV sets caused by soot.

1 1. The remote controller should be wrapped in a transparent plastic bag to prevent it from falling to the ground.

Second, the daily maintenance of LCD TV

In LCD TV, the only part that is gradually consumed is the background light of the display. After a long period of use, you will find that the screen is dark or not bright at all. In both cases, by changing the background lighting, the LCD TV can be brought back to life and become as new as ever.

1 to avoid burning out the screen.

Remember, CRT TVs will burn out because of long working hours, and so will LCD TVs. So remember, if you don't use it, you must turn off the LCD TV, or it will burn out or age inside for a long time. Once this kind of injury happens, it is permanent and irreversible. So we must pay enough attention to it. In addition, if the fixed content is displayed continuously for a long time, some LCD TV pixels may overheat, which may lead to internal burning.

2, keep the humidity of the environment

Don't let anything with moisture enter the LCD TV. If you find fog, please wipe it gently with a soft cloth before turning on the power. If moisture has entered the LCD TV, it is necessary to place the LCD TV in a warmer and drier place so that the moisture and organic compounds in it can evaporate. Electrification of LCD TV with moisture will lead to corrosion of LCD electrodes, which will cause permanent damage.

3. Clean the display surface correctly.

If you find any stains on the surface of the display screen, please wipe it gently with a soft cloth with a little glass cleaner. Do not sprinkle the cleaning agent directly on the display surface. Detergent entering LCD TV will cause screen short circuit.

4. Avoid unnecessary vibration

LCD TV screen is very fragile, so we should avoid strong impact and vibration. LCD TV is the most sensitive electrical appliance in almost all items in users' homes or offices. There are many glasses and sensitive electronic components in LCD. Falling to the floor or other similar strong impact will damage the LCD screen and CFL unit. In addition, please be careful not to put pressure on the surface of LCD screen.

5. Don't open it.

There is a rule that you should never disassemble the LCD TV. Even after being turned off for a long time, the CFL converter in the background lighting assembly may still have a high voltage of about 1000V, which will cause serious personal injury. Therefore, do not attempt to disassemble or change the LCD screen to avoid high voltage. Unauthorized maintenance and changes will cause the display screen to temporarily or even permanently fail to work.

Third, the daily maintenance and maintenance of plasma TV

1, heat dissipation: the high temperature generated by high power can be regarded as the number one enemy of plasma TV, so we should pay special attention to the heat dissipation of plasma TV in use.

2. Burn-in: Due to playing a fixed still picture for a long time, the screen burns locally, resulting in afterimage, which is determined by the characteristics of the plasma TV itself.

3. Voltage: If possible, it is also a good choice to provide an independent power supply line for plasma TV or increase a stable power supply.

4. Cleaning: Cleaning the plasma TV screen regularly to keep the screen surface as bright as new is also a good way to maintain the image quality.

5, moistureproof, dustproof, lightning protection: keep the working environment of the machine relatively dry, don't let water into the body; When the machine is not used, consider using a dust cover; Just configure a lightning protection socket for plasma and peripheral appliances.

Fourth, how to maintain the TV remote control

1. When the battery fails, please replace it in time to avoid battery leakage and circuit board corrosion;

2. Don't let water or other liquids soak the remote control;

3. Please don't let children play with the remote control, so as not to break it;

4. Do not use solvents or chemicals to wipe the surface of the remote controller. If there is slight dust, gently wipe it with a clean and soft cloth or cotton yarn. If the dirt on the surface is serious, clean and soft cloth or cotton yarn should be dipped in neutral detergent to remove the dirt, and then dried naturally.

5. How to prolong the service life of TV?

1 to prevent premature aging of CRT. The measure is not to turn on the brightness too bright when watching at ordinary times, not to turn on and off the TV frequently, and try to watch TV when the power supply is stable. Generally speaking, the effective service life of kinescope is more than 5000- 10000 hours. If the picture tube is used for 3-5 hours on average every day, the service life of the picture tube is generally 5- 10 years or even longer.

2. Pay attention to the heat dissipation and ventilation of TV. Most parts in the TV set will heat up when they work. If the heat dissipation effect is not good and the heat cannot be released in time, their temperatures will get higher and higher, so that they will be damaged. In addition, the TV has been used for a long time, so please ask the maintenance personnel to remove the dust inside the TV.

3. TV sets that are not often used are easy to be damaged, especially in rainy season. It is very necessary to turn on the TV set frequently and use the heat emitted from the inside to drive away the moisture in the machine.

Six, eliminate the dust on the TV screen

If you use TV for a long time, dust will appear on the screen due to electrostatic attraction. Do not scrub with chemical reagents (such as alcohol) at this time. At present, in order to improve the picture effect, many TV sets are coated with an oxide protective film on the screen surface. If it is wiped with chemical reagents, it will inevitably destroy this protective film and cause undue losses. The best way is to use special screen wiping materials. If there is nothing special, you can gently wipe it with a napkin and a soft cotton cloth, but be careful not to get wet.

Suggestion: 1) Don't switch the TV repeatedly, it will accelerate the aging and affect the service life; (2) Color TV is most afraid of strong magnetic interference. The movement of magnetic objects in front of the screen will lead to the magnetization and color disorder of the TV set, so pay special attention to the speaker and magnet not to be placed near the TV set; (3) The TV set should be placed in a cool, dry and ventilated environment, and the wet environment will increase the failure rate and shorten the service life of the TV set; (4) When using, there should be a space of more than 5- 10 cm around the TV set, and pay attention to the ventilation holes around the casing.

Shut down and cool for a while before you can cover the TV to prevent dust; (5) After watching TV, it is best to use the power switch, and don't covet the convenience of turning it off directly with the remote control. The power supply part of the remote controller is still working, which not only consumes electricity, but also causes the phenomenon of being magnetized for a long time. (6) In thunderstorm weather, it is best to unplug the power plug and antenna (or wired) plug to avoid the harm of lightning to the maximum extent and ensure the safe use of TV; (7) Pay attention to eliminate some hidden dangers in use, such as avoiding metal foreign objects and liquids falling into the TV, and don't put lighted candles on the TV.

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