Wu Zixu and Qu Yuan: Dragon Boat Festival for Two.

Today's Dragon Boat Festival, correct a mistake: Dragon Boat Festival was originally to commemorate Wu Zixu, not to Qu Yuan. Then paste the old work "Dragon Boat Festival Two People" to sort out the spirit of the Dragon Boat Festival: 1925 Mr. Lu Xun lamented that there have always been few people who dare to shout for traitors in China, and the Dragon Boat Festival is precisely the largest-scale shouting for national traitors.

The full text is as follows:

The origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is very early, and it has been recorded in the calendar of the Xia Dynasty on May 5: "Store medicine this day to remove poisonous gas." (Summer) May is a poisonous month, because the weather turns hot after the Dragon Boat Festival, and the Dragon Boat Festival is the most sunny day, so it is necessary to store medicine to eliminate poisonous gas. "Dai Li" also said: "Leave orchids to bathe on May 5." Orchids are bluegrass, so you should use bluegrass to make a soup bath.

During the Warring States Period, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces with Suzhou as the center began to commemorate Wu Zixu on the Dragon Boat Festival.

Wu Zixu is a famous minister of Chu, and his father Wu She is the teacher of King Chu Ping. Fu Fei mowgli Jr. entered the slanderers of the Prince in front of King Chu Ping, and Wu She stepped forward to defend the innocent Prince. King Chu Ping was furious and imprisoned Wu She as a hostage. He asked him to kill his two sons, Wu Shang and Wu Yuan. Here comes * * *, killed by King Chu Ping and his father Wu Haohua. Wu Yuan was unwilling to be killed by the neck and began a long escape journey. He first defected to the Prince who had fled to Song, and then fled to Zheng with the Prince. The prince was killed by Zheng, and Wu Zixu continued to flee to Wu. On the border of Wu Chu, Wu Zixu was chased by Chu soldiers to the river, and a fisherman crossed the river in Wu Zixu. Wu Zixu took the sword worth 100 gold and thanked the fisherman for saving his life. Unexpectedly, the fisherman turned a deaf ear and said, "The State of Chu offered a reward of 50,000 stone for the man who caught Wu Zixu. I don't even look up at this, why do I want your sword worth 100 gold! " Wu Zixu finally fled to Wu and joined Wu Wangliao.

Wu Zixu before Zhaoguan. On the right is the Palace, and in the middle is Huangfu Ne, which looks like Wu Zixu. Wu Zixu, who had grown old all night, escaped with the help of these two men.

When he went out to war, Wu Zixu tried to persuade him to attack Chu, but his son just said, "Wu Zixu's father and brother were killed by Chu. Wu Zixu just wanted to avenge himself, not really thinking about Wu, so he couldn't listen to him." Wu Zixu therefore knew that GongSunGuang had different ambitions, so he dedicated a famous assassin, Zhuan Xu, to GongSunGuang. Sun Guang took advantage of Wu Wangliao's invasion of Chu, and the country was empty, so he hosted a banquet for Wu Wangliao. During the dinner, the son made an excuse to leave. Zhuan Xu hid the dagger in the belly of the fish, took it to Wu Wangliao, stabbed Wu Wangliao, and Zhuan Xu was also killed by Wu Wangliao. Childe Guang took the opportunity to send an ambush, killed all the followers of Wu Wangliao, and made himself king for Prince He Lv.

At this time, King Chu Ping was dead and Zhao Chu acceded to the throne. Wu Zixu led Wu Bing into the capital of Chu, and Wu Zixu "dug the tomb of King Chu Ping, dug his corpse and flogged 300", which is the origin of the famous "flogging corpse".

Wu Zixu avenged his father's death, fulfilled his greatest wish in his life, and wholeheartedly assisted He Lv, the king of Wu whose national strength gradually grew and dominated the country.

Later, wuyue competed for hegemony, and Wu Zixu assisted Prince He Lu in conquering Vietnam. He Lu was shot in the finger by the Vietnamese army and died. Before he died, he told his son Focha not to forget his father's revenge. Three years later, Fu Cha defeated Gou Jian, the King of Yue, and Gou Jian took his wife to Wu as a hostage. Ministers Wen Zi and Fan Li designed to bribe Uncle Wu Taizai, framed Wu Zixu in front of Fu Cha, and advised Fu Cha to pardon Gou Jian. After returning to China, Gou Jian tasted courage and finally conquered Wu in 473 BC. Fu Cha, king of Wu, committed suicide. When he committed suicide, he buried his face and said, "I have no face to see Wu Zixu." A few years ago, Fu Cha listened to Ai Bo's slanderers, "I let people kill themselves by giving Zi Xu a sword." . This is another famous story. I don't know why, the actions of the ancients always contain an extreme sense of beauty-Zi Xu smiled and said, "I must set my eyes on Wudongmen and see more soldiers enter!" (Historical Records of Gou Jian's Family) Wu Zixu was so angry that he wanted to gouge out his eyes, put them on Wu Dongmen, and gloated at the Vietnamese army entering the city. There are still Xumen in Suzhou. Wu Zixu's last wish greatly angered Fu Cha. "Wang Kang said,' Loneliness will not be seen by doctors.' That is to throw Xu Shen's body into the river. "("Mandarin Wu Yu ") Xu Shen is Wu Zixu. A bag made of shrew, horse skin or cowhide. Fu Cha put Wu Zixu in the "Yi Yi", pressed the stone down and threw it into the river, so that he would never float, as Wu Zixu's revenge wish before he died. I didn't expect Wu Zixu to agree, but Fu Cha was captured by Gou Jian. He couldn't bear the humiliation and died wearing a mask.

Wu Zixu died around 484 BC, more than 200 years before Qu Yuan (about 278 BC). "Wu people pity it and set up a temple on the river, because it is called Xushan." (Biography of Historical Records and Wu Zixu) The day when Wu Zixu was thrown into the river was the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. "Chronicle of Jingchu" contains: "Han Danchun's" Cao E Monument "said:" On May 5, I met Wu Jun and went to against the tide, but I was submerged. " This is a custom in Wu Dong, which is in Zixu, not Quping. "It is expressly stipulated that the custom in Wu Dong is to commemorate Wu Zixu instead of Qu Yuan during the Dragon Boat Festival.

For more than 200 years after Wu Zixu, Qu Yuan almost repeated the fate of Wu Zixu.

Qu Yuan's name is Ping, and he is a left disciple. Historical Records Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng recorded Qu Yuan's first exile experience:

Knowledgeable, strong-willed, know how to control chaos and be good at rhetoric. When he entered the DPRK, he negotiated with the king about state affairs and gave orders; When you go out, you have to meet guests and deal with princes. Wang is willing to do it. Shangguan doctors are in the same column, competing for favor and hurting energy ... because he said, "Everyone knows that your majesty ordered Qu Ping 'an. Every time I give an order, I will flatten his merits and think that' I can't do it without doing it'. " The king got angry and avoided Qu Ping. King Chu Ping did not listen to his illness, but flattered it to cover up the Ming Dynasty. The evil song did harm to the public, so I refused to allow it, so I thought about it sadly and left Sao.

Qu Yuan's extensive knowledge and strong ambition can not only control the chaos, but also discuss the country with Chu Huaiwang and give orders. He is good at rhetoric, receiving guests, and dealing with princes in an orderly way. Chu Huaiwang trusts him very much. Doctor Shangguan was jealous of Qu Yuan and slandered Chu Huaiwang, saying, "Your Majesty asked Qu Yuan to give orders. As we all know, every time Qu Yuan gives orders, he claims to be his own credit, thinking that he can't do it if he can't, so he doesn't take you seriously. " Chu Huaiwang was furious, not only alienated Qu Yuan, but also exiled Qu Yuan outside the capital. Qu Yuan hated Chu Huaiwang's partiality, was blinded by slanderers, and could not tolerate himself as a Fang Zhengzhi native. He wrote a lyric poem "Li Sao" with 375 sentences and 2,500 words. "I heaved a sigh to hide my tears and lamented the hardships of the people's lives", "I was full of good intentions, although I died without regret" and "the road is long, but it is Xiu Yuan's.

Since then, the increasingly suppressed state affairs have nothing to do with Qu Yuan. Chu Huaiwang trusted Qin's invitation, defected to Qin, and died after refusing to cede territory to Qin. Wang acceded to the throne and took his disciple Lan as his concubine. During his exile, Qu Yuan was still attached to his motherland, and his heart was connected with Wang Huai. He wrote a lot of poems in a few years, hoping that Wang Huai would finally wake up and get himself back. When these poems reached Yin Er, they were furious and instructed Shangguan doctor to slander Xiang Wang again. Xiang Wang "moved away in anger" and exiled Qu Yuan again. This time, Qu Yuan was exiled further south of the Yangtze River.

? Chen Hongshou's Qu Zi Xing Yin Tu.

Historical Records Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng recorded the death of Qu Yuan in detail:

As for Qu Yuan by the river, he was released to sing on the banks of Zehe River. Haggard and haggard. When the fisherman saw this scene, he asked, "Isn't this Dr. San Lv? Why are you here? " Qu Yuan said, "It's cloudy, and I'm alone. Everyone is drunk, I am alone, I can let go. " The fisherman said, "A man is a saint. He can coexist with the world without clinging to things. The world is cloudy, why not go with the flow and raise its waves? Everyone is drunk, why not feed them? Why hold Yu and let yourself see? " Qu Yuan said, "I heard that the new bather plays the crown and the new bather shakes his clothes. Who can look at it with his own body, and the recipient is humble! " I would rather go to a regular stream, be buried in the belly and ears of river fish, and be warm in the secular world with my white! "This is a gift from Huai Sha ... so Shi Huai died in Miluo.

This is one of the most famous and touching notes in Historical Records. Qu sang by the Miluo River, and his exile made him look haggard and haggard. The fisherman asked him, "Are you Dr. San Lv? How did it come to this? " Qu Yuan replied, "It was cloudy and I was alone. Everyone was drunk and I was alone, so I was exiled." The fisherman said, "A saint can walk with the world without being trapped by everything. The world is overcast, why not take advantage of the situation to add fuel to the flames? Everyone is drunk, why not eat distiller's grains and drink thin wine together? Why did you hold hands with Yu and maintain a noble and innocent moral integrity, which led to his exile? " Qu Yuan replied, "I heard that people who have just washed their hair must shake off the dust on their crowns, and people who have just taken a bath must shake off the dust on their clothes. Who can bear the pollution of dirty things with a clean body? " I would rather throw myself into the flowing water and be buried in the belly of a fish. How can I endure worldly dirt with innocent and pure conduct? "So I wrote Huai Sha's last poem and threw a stone at Miluo to let it die.

Qu Yuan died on the fifth day of May.

Like Qu Yuan, Wu Zixu's death was a "fixed-death" punishment. The Qin bamboo slips in Sleeping Tiger Land are defined as "life and death in the water", and being thrown into the water alive and drowned is also called "sinking into the river" and "sinking into the abyss". Only Wu Zixu's body was "killed" by Fu Cha, the king of Wu, and Qu Yuan's body was "killed" by himself.

Angry Wu Zixu had to gouge out his eyes to see Wu's death after his death. The principle of Qu threw himself into the river after despair, and the water wave gently accepted him and comforted his heart that was not in cahoots with the secular world. The quality is clean and neat; Water is clean, while washing his body, it is also integrated with his clean soul. Don't even show your body to the world, because the world is dirty. "The deceased is like a husband", and the impermanence of water reflects his pessimism. Qu Yuan, who compared himself to a "vanilla beauty", finally calmed down in the clear water of the Miluo River, feeling sorry for himself and fighting high.

On May 5th, Wu Zixu and Qu Yuan, the two protagonists in the Dragon Boat Festival commemoration, were traitors and exiles. Wu Zixu rebelled against Chu first, then against Wu (gouged out Wu's death). On the premise of homelessness and unfair court execution, Wu Zixu committed treason twice; Qu Yuan's political ambition could not be extended, but he was insatiable. He wrote a large number of self-proclaimed chapters, implying the ignorance of the imperial court and the reality of the villain's enlightenment, and was exiled twice. Contrary to the ideology of authoritarian countries, the enemies of these two countries are missed by the people, so that the tradition of Dragon Boat Festival has never been defeated for more than two thousand years. This is a profound reminder: Dragon Boat Festival has always been a folk festival. As long as autocracy is not eradicated, it will never be praised by official ideology, let alone enter the pedigree of official festivals. On the contrary, the Dragon Boat Festival is a strong protest against autocracy and state power. In the annual "Great Memory", these two traitors and exiles entrusted all the worries of the people of China. From 65438 to 0925, Mr. Lu Xun lamented that there were always very few people who dared to cry for traitors in China, and the Dragon Boat Festival was the largest-scale crying for national traitors.

Dragon Boat Festival is a different traditional festival in China, an isolated example: Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival ... All these festivals are highly unified in form and content, and have never been separated for thousands of years; It's just that the Dragon Boat Festival has become a simple Zongzi Festival and Dragon Boat Festival today, and the core values have dissipated, and the form has replaced the content. When people eat zongzi, they only think of a totem poet who can write poems, and they are also worried about whether they are eating fake and shoddy black zongzi. The homesickness of the people has been rewritten by the national ideology, and even the word "folk" has been shortened into a series of customs and country tunes.

With the help of Dragon Boat Festival, a grand folk festival, Wu Zixu and Qu Yuan finally escaped from their physical charm. "Slight sense and Chen, correct with beauty. Yesterday, you and I made a speech saying that dusk lasted for a period of time ("Nine Chapters Random Thoughts"); "The hatred of practice is terrible and will not be seen by the people. Many women are jealous of Yu's eyebrows, and they say Yu Hao □ (Li Sao); "The sun suddenly don't Yan Xi, the spring and autumn period and its generation sequence. But everything is scattered, and beauty may wither "(Lisao) ... Although these expressions of Qu Yuan's resentment against Chu Huaiwang were interpreted as" literary jesters "by Sun Cizhou and Wen Yiduo, and even Qu Yuan's homosexual identity was judged from this, the" fixed-point removal "along the Miluo River finally washed away the once polluted body. At the same time, Qu Yuan expressed his feelings of following and mourning Wu Zixu, who died that day, with the poem "Floating in the Jianghuai Sea, Adapting to Zixu" (The Air Returning from Sorrow).

Unfortunately, more than 2,000 years after the death of Wu Zixu and Qu Yuan, the spirit of the Dragon Boat Festival was completely lost. Strong, angry and clean spirit gives way to the popularity of physical charm. There is only the Dragon Boat Festival in the world, but there is no Dragon Boat Festival. Only when the South Korean "gangneung danoje festival" applied for the World Heritage, people remembered that the Dragon Boat Festival was originally an ancient festival that originated in China. But the so-called "saving the Dragon Boat Festival" is nothing more than Ah Q's mentality, just like the four great inventions. On the contrary, the spirit of the Dragon Boat Festival is more in line with the spirit of South Korea-its strength, self-esteem, shame, selflessness and altruism. Isn't it the best inheritance of the spirit of the Dragon Boat Festival? And China? In fact, some experts suggest that the government should jointly apply for World Heritage with South Korea. This is a great irony of the folk nature of the Dragon Boat Festival, and "national image" has become the only appeal of "saving the Dragon Boat Festival". In this campaign, no one investigated what the Dragon Boat Festival spirit was, and narrow nationalism became the spokesman of the national ideology-ironically, it was not accepted by the national ideology, and it was also an eloquent proof of the "folk" spirit of the Dragon Boat Festival.

The local spiritual resources such as the Dragon Boat Festival spirit, like its two extraordinary representatives, suffered the same fate of exile.

Wu Zixu and Qu Yuan are dead, but their souls are gone. The Dragon Boat Festival is the same as the spirit it is attached to, and the soul will never come back. If you can't come back, you will die completely.