Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather forecast - How to survive an earthquake

How to survive an earthquake

Contents Method 1: If you are in a motor vehicle 1. Stop the vehicle quickly and stay in the vehicle if it is safe to do so. 2. Stay in the car seat and wait for the earthquake to end. 3. After the earthquake stops, move forward carefully. 4. Wait for rescue forces from the city or local area. Method 2: If you are inside a building 1. Stay stable. 2. Fall down, hide, and hold on. 3. Cover your head and neck. 4. Don’t move. 5. Leave the building slowly and carefully. 6. Inspect your home and pay attention to items that may create safety hazards. 7. Check for damage around your building. 8. Open the cabinet carefully. Method 3: If you are outdoors 1. Unless it is unsafe, stay where you are. 2. Get away from buildings, street lights, power lines, and any objects that may fall. 3. Find a shelter near a hill or in a spacious area. 4. Stay away from buildings, power lines, or any large and heavy objects that could fall on you. 5. Be careful if you decide to go outside the shelter. 6. Wait one to two minutes after the first earthquake before moving elsewhere. Method 4: Prepare for an earthquake 1. Stock up on emergency supplies. 2. Create a survival plan for your family. 3. Learn first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. 4. Learn how to turn off water, electricity, and gas. 5. Store dangerous goods in a safe cabinet or on a low shelf. Essentials Motor Vehicle Supply Box Earthquakes are among the most destructive types of natural disasters. It occurs primarily near plate edges, but can occur in any region. Earthquakes are impossible to predict, but if you prepare in advance and know what to do when one strikes, your chances of survival will be greatly improved.

Method 1: If you are in a motor vehicle

1. Stop the vehicle quickly and stay in the vehicle if it is safe to do so. Avoid parking near or under buildings, trees, overpasses and highway cables. They may collapse onto your car.

2. Stay in the car seat and wait for the earthquake to end. keep Calm. Body metal will protect you and your family from most debris and falling objects.

The only exception is if you are in a garage or multi-storey car park. If you are in a garage, get outside the car immediately and squat against the car, as the metal of the car will not protect you from the concrete falling on the car in this situation. If you're in a multi-storey car park, survival is mostly a matter of luck. The way to maximize your chances of survival is the same as in the garage - crouch next to the car.

Don’t try to rush home in your car. Most earthquakes have aftershocks, and their destructive power cannot be underestimated. Aftershocks can bring down structures damaged by the main earthquake.

Aftershocks can be as small as extremely mild or as large as the original intensity of the main shock. This type of secondary earthquake can last for more than ten seconds or longer and can be life-threatening. Unfortunately there is no way of knowing when they will happen. So you have no choice but to be vigilant.

3. After the earthquake stops, move forward carefully. Avoid roads, bridges or slopes that may have been damaged by the earthquake.

4. Wait for the city or local rescue force. It shouldn't take long for you to wait in the car until rescue forces bring water, food and daily supplies.

Method 2: If you are inside a building

1. Stay stable. Hold on to something solid or get down on the ground to avoid falling.

2. Fall down, hide, and hold on. This is the U.S. national standard for earthquake safety. Another suggestion is to lean against some sturdy furniture. This way if a wall falls down, it will create a crawling space where you can survive. However, this "Triangle of Life" life-saving rule is contrary to earthquake research and is not recommended by the American Red Cross, the Northern California Structural Engineers Association and the National Earthquake Alliance.

3. Cover your head and neck. Use your arms to protect these critical areas from falling objects. Your upper body should also be covered, as it supports your neck, which in turn supports your head.

If you have any respiratory issues, make sure you cover your head and face with a T-shirt or bandana until the debris and dust settles. Breathing in stale air is not good for your lungs.

4. Don’t move. If it is safe to do so, stay where you are for one to two minutes until you are sure the shaking has stopped. Remember, aftershocks can happen at any time and are very likely after a major earthquake. Aftershocks can be so small that only a few people notice them, or they can be so big that they flatten entire cities. It can knock down structures that have been shaken, especially fragile structures like mobile homes.

5. Leave the building slowly and carefully. As with a fire, it is recommended that you and your family meet up at a pre-agreed earthquake safe zone, such as a nearby baseball field or park. Government bailouts should be on the way soon.

6. Inspect your house and pay attention to items that may create safety hazards. Broken glass, gas leaks or damaged household appliances are examples of hazards that can be caused. Do not turn electronic devices on or off. Just flipping a light switch can create a spark that could electrocute you or cause a fire. These types of fires can be more deadly due to their proximity to power lines.

7. Check for damage around your building. You should check your home or building for fire or other damage. If you need water to put out a fire, you can get some from the water heater, but be careful because that's hot water.

After you have extinguished all fires, go through the following checklist: Stay away from structurally damaged areas. Wait until police, plumbers, firefighters or disaster relief teams have cleared the area and declared it safe before entering.

Clean up hazardous spills. Gasoline can be fatal if it catches fire and explodes. If you only have paper towels, use a few layers because gasoline is toxic and very difficult to wash off. It's a good idea to use a shovelful of sand to cover the leaked gasoline, but be sure to mark the area saying "Gasoline leaks here."

Don’t drink water from the sink as it may be contaminated. Don't flush the toilet because sewers are probably also damaged in the main earthquake. Turn off the water and sewer system valves (ask a plumber to do it for you if you don't know where the water valves are). Make sure you seal sinks and tubs to prevent sewage from backing up.

Inspect the chimney for signs of damage before using the fireplace. Invisible damage in these areas can lead to fires.

Troubleshooting facilities. Check for gas leaks. If you smell gas, hear blowing or hissing sounds, open a window and leave the building quickly. If you can, turn off the gas main valve outside and call the gas company on your cell phone or from a neighbor's house. Remember, if the gas is turned off for any reason, turning it back on must be done by a professional.

Check the electrical system for damage. If you see sparks, broken or frayed wires, or smell the odor of heated insulation, disconnect the electricity from the fuse box or circuit breaker. If you have to wade through water to get to the fuse box or circuit breaker, call an electrician for advice.

Inspect sewers and water and drainage lines for damage. If you suspect drain damage, avoid using the toilet and call a plumber. If water pipes are damaged, contact your water company and avoid using faucets. You can get safe water from bottled water or melted and heated ice.

8. Open the cabinet carefully. If you open a cabinet door too quickly, the contents could fall and hit you. While you're checking for damage, keep an eye out for glass bottles; they may be broken or cracked. Be especially careful with alcohol, acids, detergents or anything else that may be poisonous to the human body.

Method 3: If you are outdoors

1. Unless it is unsafe, stay where you are. Observe your surroundings, especially if you are in an urban area. Remember that even earthquake-resistant buildings can collapse. So don't assume you're completely safe. Don't try to run or drive away from an earthquake - this will only increase your risk of injury.

2. Stay away from buildings, street lights, power lines and any objects that may fall. Also make sure you are not near a cracked fault or an open sinkhole. It has happened that people fell into large pits that suddenly appeared during earthquakes and died. Such sinkholes can appear anywhere, including on pavements or in parks.

3. Find a shelter near a hill or in a spacious area. If there is an object near you that could fall on you, go to a safe place above your head. If possible, seek shelter from severe weather. But make sure it's not a place where rocks and soil could slide toward you if an aftershock occurs. Don't seek shelter under a bridge, even a sturdy one. Some bridges may be earthquake-resistant, but they are not completely safe because objects like signs or lights can still fall and hit you.

4. Stay away from buildings, power lines, or any large and heavy objects that may fall on you. Also, as in a snowstorm, don't walk near power lines, downed street lights or debris. Beware of broken glass, as even a small piece can hurt your foot. Wear heavy shoes to protect your feet.

5. Be careful if you decide to go outside the shelter. There may be others near you or in your area. Things like mobile phones are needed by everyone because if one person is injured, the other person can call 120 for an ambulance.

6. Wait one to two minutes after the first earthquake before moving elsewhere. This is best because the aftershocks immediately following an earthquake are often the strongest. If you ultimately decide to leave, pay attention to the safety rules above and make sure debris doesn't fall on you.

Method 4: Prepare for earthquakes

1. Stock up on emergency supplies. During an emergency, many services that are available on a daily basis, such as water and electricity, can be disrupted. To ensure survival, keep a daily supply of clean water and food within easy reach. Make sure everyone in the family knows where to look when supplies need to be picked up quickly. In addition to sterile water and food, you will also need to include the following items in your emergency supply: Flashlight

First aid kit

Money

Simple clothing

Blanket

2. Create a survival plan for your family. You or anyone living with you should have a plan for immediate and rapid evacuation to a safe location. Every family member should know exactly what to do and where to go when an earthquake strikes. They should know "safe" areas in the house - under sturdy tables, against interior walls, and especially in corners. They should also be aware of "danger" areas in the house - near windows or hanging objects such as mirrors and picture frames. Do a drill every six months to ensure you and your loved ones know exactly what to do in the event of an earthquake.

3. Learn first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

If someone in your family is injured during an earthquake, basic first aid may save their life. Take a basic first aid course and become certified in CPR. That way, if the worst happens, you're always ready to save a life.

4. Learn how to turn off water, electricity, and gas. An earthquake can snap pipes in a house and/or damage electrical lines, creating a situation that could easily be fatal. Be prepared to shut down everything in your house after an earthquake to keep you safe. If you turned off the gas after an earthquake or during a drill, do not try to light it again. This could cause a gas leak and lead to a fire. Call the facilities company and ask them to help you.

5. Store dangerous goods in a safe cabinet or on a low shelf. To minimize the risk of injury in the event of an injury, do not place any dangerous items such as fragile objects, heavy objects, flammable liquids and hazardous liquids where they could fall or be spilled. Keep these items in a safe and secure place away from designated safe areas of your house.

Prompt for help. If you survived the main earthquake, volunteer and do what you can to help search for survivors, reunite family and pets, and clean up after the disaster.

Wear sturdy, closed-toed shoes to protect your feet from broken glass, debris, and other harmful objects.

Listen to the latest emergency news from a battery-operated radio. This can be very helpful if you need help.

Help the injured, especially those young and old. They require special care, no exceptions.

Carry out an earthquake drill at home with your family to make sure you are all prepared. Remember, the best places to take shelter are in an open field or near heavy furniture.

Don’t panic. Earthquakes don't last long, usually just a few seconds to a minute. The 1981 San Francisco earthquake lasted only 15 seconds. Even though being in a 15-second earthquake may feel like an hour, eventually it will stop.

Only call the emergency number in a true emergency. Authorities knew a mainshock had occurred. If you can handle it safely on your own or wait for rescue, do so. The phone is likely to be busy with people who really need help.

If you are in school, follow the teacher's instructions. Generally, you should duck your head and duck under a table to protect your head and upper body.

If you hear a tsunami warning, get off the beach immediately. In 2004, thousands of people were swallowed by a tsunami while they were still looking at the "empty sea." In the blink of an eye, an extremely powerful tsunami hit the coast, swallowing thousands of people, destroying many buildings, and washing away hundreds of thousands of people. See Escape from a Tsunami for more details.

Generally, earthquakes with an intensity below 6.0 magnitude should not threaten life. During these weaker earthquakes, seeking support from a wall or heavy furniture is usually feasible.

Make an agreement with a trusted relative out of town to use them as your point of contact in the event of a major emergency. Remember, phone lines are likely to be busy, so save your time, especially in the first few hours after an earthquake.

If you are trapped, try to attract the attention of search and rescue personnel. A whistle or horn may lead someone to find you.

Warning: Don’t ignore alerts, even false ones. If you hear an alarm, prepare immediately, even if you may waste a few minutes due to a false alarm. If you didn't listen and missed the real warning, the consequences could be ten times worse.

At 9:50 pm on August 31, 1886, an earthquake struck Charleston, South Carolina. The earthquake intensity was 7.3, classified as a mainshock. The city is more than 250 miles (400 kilometers) from the nearest earthquake fault. This shows that earthquakes don't just occur along fault lines.

Beware of other disasters caused by earthquakes. Earthquakes can cause landslides or tsunamis in waters near you. Watch out for damaged buildings, highways and other structures. Also beware of fires that may follow an earthquake. Eruptions of volcanoes with snow above the snowline can trigger mudslides that can be quite deadly to humans.

It is more dangerous to be on the upper floors of a building than on the ground floor. While you can get hit by falling debris from above on the ground floor, falling onto those debris from above is even worse. Likewise, a basement is not the best place to be; in fact, you could be completely buried, especially if there are multiple levels underground.

Be prepared for the weather, too. If the main shock occurs in severe weather conditions, you should also keep warm. Also stock your first aid kit with appropriate clothing for the weather. Also include items that will keep you cool in the sweltering heat, if the forecast calls for temperatures to climb to nearly 90 degrees Fahrenheit (32 degrees Celsius).

Never flee from a building when an earthquake strikes. Many people trying to escape were injured or killed by glass, debris, coatings, collapsed buildings and/or walls. Wait for the earthquake to stop before safely evacuating the building.

Items you will need

Essentials

Water: 2 quarts (1.9 L) to 1 gallon (3.8 L) per person per day

Food: canned or individually packaged. Consider infants, pets and other special dietary needs

First aid kit: well stocked and newly supplied

Emergency medicines, eyeglasses, contact lens care boxes and spare kits

Can opener.

Radio: portable, battery-operated, with extra batteries outside

Flashlight: with extra batteries and light bulbs

Thick shoes: one pair for each family member

Thick gloves: one pair for each person to clean up debris

Knife: sharp, or razor blade

Clothes: a complete set of changeable, keep dry

Your passport

Recommended

Blanket

Fire extinguisher: dry chemical, type ABC

Female products

< p>Baby supplies (if you have a baby)

Motorcycle supply box

Non-perishable food: put in a coffee can

Boiling water

First aid kit and manual

Blanket

Flashlight: bring spare new batteries and bulb

First aid medicine, extra glasses

Tools: screwdriver, pliers, wire, knife

Short rubber hose

Female products

Sturdy shoes and gloves

Related Guides

How to Survive a Tsunami

How to Survive an Earthquake

More References

http://www .fema.gov/hazard/earthquake/eq_after.shtm

http://www.fema.gov/hazard/earthquake/eq_during.shtm

http://simple.wikipedia .org/wiki/Earthquake-proof

http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richter_magnitude_scale

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