Comprehensive detailed information on the marine environment

The marine environment refers to the total waters of the vast continuous seas and oceans on the earth. Including seawater, dissolved and suspended materials in seawater, seabed sediments and marine life. It is the cradle of life and a treasure trove of human resources.

With the increasing scale of human development of marine resources, the marine environment has been affected and polluted by human activities. Everyone must protect the environment.

First-level environmental types classified according to physical geographical conditions. The ocean accounts for 70.8% of the earth's total area. Compared with the continental environment, the ocean environment has obvious characteristics. Seawater temperatures are lower than on the mainland and vary less. Salinity is one of the important properties of seawater. The salinity of normal seawater is 3.5%. Different areas of the ocean have different oxygen contents, and there are oxidizing conditions and reducing conditions. This is different from the characteristics of multi-oxidizing conditions and multi-fresh water environment on the continent. The ocean can be further divided into four environments: coastal, shallow sea, semi-deep sea and deep sea based on seawater depth and topography. See attached picture. The area above the wave base is called the littoral area or coastal zone, where the hydrodynamic conditions, water medium conditions and seafloor topography are all very complex; the shallow sea refers to the continental area below the wave base to a water depth of 200m, where the terrain is flat and the slope is very small. Less than 4 degrees; the semi-deep sea outside the shallow sea is a continental slope with a very steep slope, 4 to 7 degrees or more. The terrain of the continental slope is rugged and has deep underwater canyons. The foot of the slope can reach a water depth of 2000m; further to Outside is the deep ocean basin, whose terrain is relatively flat. The various properties of the ocean and the various environments of the ocean have a significant impact on the existence and distribution of various marine organisms and sediments. Basic introduction Chinese name: Marine environment Foreign name: marine environment Scope: The total waters of the sea and ocean, everything within it Classification: Earth science, Chinese geology Chinese Pinyin: hai yang huan jing Meaning: Introduction to the impact on the environment, ocean and sea, ocean, sea , sea area distribution, seabed topography, seawater temperature, seawater movement, waves, tides, currents, salt in the sea, salinity of seawater, salts of seawater, marine life, plankton, benthic organisms, nekton, environmental protection, quality Standards, Pollution Control, Introduction The total water area of ??the earth's connected seas and oceans, including seawater, dissolved and suspended substances in water, seabed sediments, and organisms living in the ocean. The marine environment is therefore a very complex system. Human beings do not live on the ocean, but the ocean is an indispensable source of material and energy for human consumption and production. With the development of science and technology, humans have exploited marine resources on an increasing scale and become more and more dependent on the ocean. At the same time, the impact of the ocean on humans is also increasing. In ancient times, humans could only fish, make salt and sail along the coast, mainly asking for food from the ocean. In modern times, humans have not only fished offshore, but also developed distant-water fisheries; not only fished, but also developed various mariculture industries; not only produced salt along the coast, but also developed ocean mining, such as oil extraction at sea. In addition, various energy sources available in seawater have also been developed, such as the use of tidal power generation. The ocean has become an area where human production activities are very frequent. Since the mid-20th century, the marine industry has developed extremely rapidly. Nearly a hundred countries have drilled and exploited oil and natural gas at sea; more than 2 billion tons of oil are transported through the ocean every year; nearly 100 million fish and shellfish are caught from the ocean every year. ton. With the development of marine industry, the marine environment is also affected and polluted by human activities. One of the main tasks of marine environment research is to explore ways and methods to protect marine ecosystems. Oceans and seas According to ocean morphology and hydrological characteristics, the ocean can be divided into main parts and subsidiary parts. The former is called an ocean, and the latter is called a sea, bay or strait. The ocean is generally far away from the continent and has a vast area. The water depth is more than 2000 meters or 3000 meters. The salinity and water temperature are not affected by the continent. The seasonal changes are small and the transparency is large. It has an independent tidal system and a strong ocean current system. The sediments are mostly unique to the deep sea. of calcareous ooze, silica ooze and red clay. There are four oceans in the world: the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Arctic Ocean. Their combined area accounts for approximately 89% of the total ocean area. The sea is generally adjacent to the land, and the water depth is within 2000 meters or 3000 meters. The salinity and water temperature are affected by the continent, with significant seasonal changes, low transparency, and no independent tidal system. The tides generally come from the ocean, with significant fluctuations. The sediments are mostly sand, silt, etc. Due to continuous sedimentation and erosion, the morphology of the seafloor changes greatly. The area of ??Shanghai in the world accounts for about 11% of the total ocean area. A part of the ocean or sea extends into the land, and the waters whose depth and width gradually decrease are called bays, such as Bohai Bay, Persian Gulf, etc. The narrow waterways between adjacent sea areas in the ocean are called straits, such as the Taiwan Strait and the Strait of Gibraltar. Distribution of sea areas The seas and oceans in the world communicate with each other and form one body, called the world ocean, with a total area of ??about 361 million square kilometers, accounting for 70.8% of the earth's total area. Except for the intervals between 45° and 70° north latitude and 70° and 90° south latitude, the sea surface is larger than the land surface. The ocean plays a huge role in the formation and development of human beings and the biological world. Before the ozone layer in the atmosphere was fully formed, life on earth could only avoid the harm of ultraviolet radiation in sea water.

The ocean is the starting point of the water cycle on the earth. Seawater is heated and evaporates, and water vapor rises into the air, and is then carried to the land by air currents, causing precipitation and runoff on the land. Only with water on land can living things develop. The ocean regulates the Earth's climate, moderating temperature changes. Therefore, the marine environment also plays a decisive role in the formation of the terrestrial environment. Seafloor topography The ocean is divided into four topographic regions based on water depth, seafloor slope and seafloor sediments: continental shelf, continental slope, ocean basin and trench. Starting from the coast, the seafloor gently slopes toward the ocean. After reaching a certain depth, the slope of the seafloor increases significantly. This area with a larger slope is called the continental slope. The area from the coast to the continental slope is called the continental shelf. The continental shelf is close to the land, the water depth is generally within 200 meters, the slope is generally 1° to 2°, and the width ranges from a few nautical miles to hundreds of nautical miles. The sediments on the continental shelf are mainly silt brought by rivers. Seawater contains a large amount of nutrients and organic matter, making it a good fishing ground. The inclination of the continental slope area is generally 4° to 7°, but in some places it can reach more than 40°, and the water depth is generally 200 to 2500 meters. The sediments on the continental slope also mainly come from the continent, accounting for about 60% of mud, 25% of fine sand, and 5% of shells and soft mud. The ocean basin (or sea basin) is the main part of the ocean, accounting for 77.7% of the total ocean area. The terrain is flat and open, with an inclination of about 0°20′~0°40′, and a depth of 2500~6000 meters. The sediments in ocean basins are mainly oceanic ooze, such as diatoms, radiolaria, and foraminiferal ooze. In ocean basins, places with a depth of more than 6,000 meters are called trenches, which are mostly distributed at the edge of the ocean. The deepest part of the trench that has been measured is called the abyss. All abyss over 10,000 meters deep are in the Pacific Ocean. Seawater temperature The temperature of seawater is determined by factors such as radiation processes, heat exchange and evaporation between the atmosphere and seawater. The water temperature in the ocean ranges from -2°C to 30°C; the water temperature in the deep ocean is low, ranging from -1°C to 4°C. The annual average water temperature of the ocean surface is: the Pacific Ocean is the highest, at 19.1°C; the Indian Ocean is second, at 17.0°C; the Atlantic Ocean is the lowest, at 16.9°C. The average surface water temperature of the three oceans is 17.4°C, which is 3°C higher than the annual average temperature near the surface of 14.4°C. It can be seen that the ocean is warm. The Arctic Ocean and Antarctic waters are the coldest, with surface water temperatures ranging from -1.7°C to -3°C. The distribution of ocean surface water temperature is mainly determined by solar radiation and ocean current properties. The isotherms are generally parallel to the latitudes. The water temperature is higher at low latitudes and lower at high latitudes. On average, for every 1 degree increase in latitude, the water temperature decreases by 0.3°C. The annual average water temperature of the oceans in the Northern Hemisphere is higher than that of the Southern Hemisphere at the same latitude, and the water temperature in the Northern Hemisphere is on average 3.2°C higher than that of the Southern Hemisphere. Ocean water temperatures vary vertically between the upper and lower layers. In the upper water layer between 1,000 and 2,000 meters, the water temperature drops rapidly from the surface to the lower layers, while below 2,000 meters, the water temperature barely changes. Roughly between 45° south and north latitude, the vertical distribution of seawater temperature can be divided into three layers: ① Mixed layer, generally within 100 meters of the ocean surface. Due to strong mixing of seawater caused by convection and wind waves, the water temperature is uniform and the vertical gradient is small. ② Thermocline, below the mixed layer and above the constant temperature layer, the water temperature decreases sharply with increasing depth, and the vertical gradient of water temperature is large. ③ Constant temperature layer, below the thermocline to the seabed, the water temperature generally changes very little, often between 2 and 6°C, especially in the depth area of ??2000 to 6000 meters, the water temperature is about 2°C, so it is called the constant temperature layer. The surface water temperature in the ocean has little diurnal variation, and the diurnal range is usually below 0.4°C. In the coastal sea area, the daily temperature range is over 3 to 4°C. The annual changes in ocean surface water temperature are highest in August to September and lowest in February to March in the northern hemisphere. The occurrence time of the highest and lowest water temperatures lags behind the occurrence time of the highest and lowest air temperatures on land. The annual variation range of ocean water temperature varies with latitude. In equatorial and tropical seas, the annual range is small, generally only 2 to 3°C; in temperate seas, the annual range is large, up to about 10°C; in frigid seas, the annual range shrinks. , usually only 2~3℃. The surface water temperature of the entire ocean is the highest in the Persian Gulf, reaching 35.6°C; the Arctic Ocean is the lowest, at -3°C; the difference is 38.6°C, which is much smaller than the extreme temperature difference of 133°C in the air near the surface. Seawater movement Under the action of various forces, the particles and water masses of seawater are constantly moving. Waves, tides and currents are all forms of seawater movement. Waves Waves (or ocean waves) are the most common form of seawater movement. Under the influence of external force, the water point vibrates periodically near its equilibrium position. When the water point leaves the equilibrium position, the restoring force (surface tension, gravity, etc.) tries to make it return to the original equilibrium position, but the vibration is still maintained due to inertia and spreads outward through the water points around it. This kind of The process forms waves. There are many causes of waves, but the main ones are wind. Waves generated by wind are called wind waves. The waves that spread from wind waves to calm sea areas or after the wind subsides are called swells. When wind waves reach shallow water areas, they are refracted due to changes in seawater depth, and the wave surface is broken and rolled over, which is called a nearshore wave. Wave motion is just the forward propagation of the waveform, the water particle only vibrates near its equilibrium position, and the water mass does not advance with the waveform. Therefore, waves do not transport seawater, but only enhance the turbulent mixing of seawater. However, waves have an important impact on maritime navigation, harbor and coastal engineering, and various marine operations. Tide Tide is a periodic rise and fall movement of sea water caused by the tidal force of the sun and moon. The magnitude of the tidal force is directly proportional to the mass of the sun and the moon, and inversely proportional to the cube of the distance from the sun and the moon to the center of the earth.

Therefore, although the mass of the sun is much greater than that of the moon, the distance between the moon and the earth is much smaller than the distance between the sun and the earth. Therefore, the tidal force of the moon is greater than that of the sun, which is 2.25 times that of the sun. In this way, the rise and fall of sea water follows a lunar day (24:50) as a cycle. In each cycle of tidal rise and fall, the rising process is called a high tide, and when the sea level rises to its highest position, it is called a high tide; the falling process is called an ebb tide, and when the sea level drops to its lowest position, it is called a low tide. *** The difference between the tide level and the low tide is called the tidal range. The tidal range in the ocean is not large, and the tidal range in the offshore areas is larger. However, affected by the terrain, the tidal range is different everywhere. The tidal range in Kanpu in Hangzhou Bay, China is very large, once reaching 8.9 meters. In the 1950s, the world began to use the rise and fall of tides to generate electricity, and tides have become an important energy source. Coastal areas are submerged by sea water at high tide, and the area above the water at low tide is called the intertidal zone. It has the characteristics of both water and land environments, and the creatures living here often have the ability to adapt to life in both water and land. Tidal waves can also be traced upstream along the estuary into the sea, and form a tidal river section in the lower reaches of the river or in the estuary area. There are special hydrological phenomena and dilution and diffusion rules of pollutants in such river sections. Ocean currents Ocean currents (or ocean currents) are phenomena in which water masses in the ocean flow steadily in a certain direction under the influence of astronomical, hydrological, meteorological and other factors or gravity. It is an important form of movement of sea water. It is closely related to seabed sediment movement, fish migration, weather changes and climate formation. There are many dynamic conditions that form ocean currents, the main ones being density currents and wind currents. Density current is the flow of seawater caused by uneven distribution of seawater temperature, salinity and pressure; wind current is the horizontal flow of seawater caused by the friction of wind on the water surface. Ocean currents caused by prevailing winds are called drifts. From the perspective of water temperature, if the water temperature of the ocean current is higher than the water temperature of the sea area it flows through, it is called a warm current; if it is lower than the water temperature of the sea area it flows through, it is called a cold current. Generally speaking, ocean currents flowing from low latitudes to high latitudes are warm currents; ocean currents flowing from high latitudes to low latitudes are cold currents. Warm currents can transport heat from low latitudes to high latitudes and have a great impact on climate. For example, although the coastal areas of northwest Europe are located at high latitudes, they have a mild climate because they are affected by the powerful North Atlantic Warm Current (Gulf Stream). So ocean currents are a way of transporting energy. The ocean current circulation pattern on the surface of the world's oceans basically depends on the atmospheric circulation pattern on the earth and is restricted by the distribution of sea and land. In the Northern Hemisphere, a clockwise circulation flows around the center of the subtropical high pressure; a counterclockwise circulation flows around the subpolar low pressure. In the Southern Hemisphere, the circulation corresponding to the subtropical high pressure area is counterclockwise. However, in high latitudes, the subpolar low pressure and the polar high pressure are basically in a band shape, parallel to the latitudinal circle, so the ocean currents are also parallel to the latitudinal circle. Salt in the sea Salinity of seawater The substances dissolved in seawater are mainly chloride, followed by sulfate. The salt content of seawater is usually expressed as salinity. Salinity refers to the total grams of solids contained in 1000 grams of seawater after all sulfates have been converted to oxides, all bromides and iodides have been converted to chlorides, and all organic matter has been completely oxidized. Salinity is represented by the symbol S‰. The spatial variation of salinity in the ocean is not large, all around 35‰, but in sea areas adjacent to continents, the salinity varies greatly. In sea areas with large evaporation, low precipitation, and no river water injection, the salinity is high. For example, the salinity in the northern part of the Red Sea is as high as 42.8‰. In sea areas where evaporation is small, precipitation is large, and there are many rivers flowing into the sea, the salinity is low. For example, the surface salinity of the Baltic Sea is mostly below 10‰. In sea areas with obvious alternations between dry and wet seasons, such as sea areas in monsoon areas, surface salinity also has obvious seasonal changes. Outside the mouth of the Yangtze River in China, the salinity of seawater is 25‰ in summer and 30‰ in winter. Seawater contains salts, which not only provide resources to humans but also give seawater properties certain characteristics. If the conductivity of seawater is good and the salinity of seawater is greater than 24.7‰ (generally seawater is greater than this value), the temperature of the maximum density point of seawater is lower than the freezing point of seawater, making it difficult for seawater to freeze. The density change of seawater is mainly controlled by the change of salinity. Therefore, the difference in salinity in the ocean also causes the difference in density of seawater. This is how the density flow is formed. Salts of Seawater Seawater contains many kinds of salts. Nearly 80 kinds of elements have been found in seawater. Most of them are in ionic state, mainly chlorine, sodium, magnesium, sulfur, calcium, potassium, bromine, carbon, strontium, 11 types including boron and fluorine. In addition, there are oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and other gases. By comparing the main ion content in seawater with the ion content in human serum, it can be seen that the ocean is closely related to humans. Marine Life There are many kinds of life in the ocean. In the animal kingdom, from single-celled protozoa to the highest mammals, almost all categories are represented. Among the 62 existing classes of animals, 31 classes live in the ocean. In the plant kingdom, there are far fewer species in the ocean than on land. Various algae dominate and there are also a few seed plants. The distribution range of organisms in the ocean is very wide, from the equator to the polar waters, from the sea surface to the depth of more than 10,000 meters, from the coast of the intertidal zone to the bottom of the ultra-abyssal trench, there are organisms everywhere. But the greatest variety and quantity are found in coastal zones and shallow sea areas on the continental shelf. Marine organisms can be classified into three basic ecological types based on their habitats and activities, namely plankton, benthic organisms and nekton. Plankton Plankton is the collective name for animals and plants that live a floating life in a certain water layer of the ocean. The individuals of this group of organisms are very small (except for jellyfish, etc.), have weak swimming ability, and drift with the current.

There are many types of plankton, their numbers are large, and their distribution is quite wide. Among animal plankton, there are almost all kinds of animals from protozoa to vertebrates, with relatively large bodies. Among them, crustaceans and molluscs are the most important. There are fewer types of plant plankton than animal plankton. There are only some algae in cryptophytes, such as diatoms, green algae and cyanobacteria. Plankton is the basis of the marine food chain and a natural feed for fish, mammals (such as baleen whales) and other marine animals. Some zooplankton, such as shrimps and jellyfish, are edible and have economic significance; some species, such as Noctiluca, cyanobacteria, and dinoflagellates, reproduce in large numbers and can form red tides, deteriorating water quality and destroying biological resources. Some plankton have the ability to accumulate radioactive substances, heavy metals and pesticides, and can be used as indicator organisms for monitoring marine pollution. Benthic organisms Benthic animals are ecological groups of animals living in or on the seabed (mud), such as echinoderms that crawl on the seabed, coelenterates that live sessilely, molluscs that penetrate into the bottom mud, worms, etc. . Among the various ecological groups of marine life, benthic animals have the largest number of species and are widely distributed, ranging from intertidal zones to deep ocean trenches, but the continental shelf area still has the largest number of species and the largest number. There are many species of marine benthic animals that can be used as food, medicine, industrial raw materials and agricultural fertilizers, etc., and have economic value. And they can also convert large amounts of organic debris and small organisms into bait, making them an important link in the marine food chain. In addition, changes in the distribution and quantity of benthic animals are closely related to marine environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, currents, substrate and pollution, and can be used as biological markers of these factors. Benthic plants are plants that grow fixedly on rocks and other substrates in intertidal zones or shallow sea bottoms. They are mainly algae and a few are seed plants. Like phytoplankton, they are the original producers of organic matter in the ocean, providing a material basis for the existence and development of the organic world in the ocean. Under normal circumstances, sea areas with a large number of benthic plants will have a large number of animals. Plants cannot grow without sunlight, so they can only live in shallow sea bottoms where sunlight can reach. Among marine benthic plants, there are many species with economic value, such as seaweed, seaweed, kelp, sargassum, Gelidium and mangroves. Nekton is an ecological group of marine organisms that can actively swim. They are generally larger in size and widely distributed, and some species have high yields. Among them, fish dominate; followed by cephalopods (molluscs), cetaceans (mammals), pinnipeds, turtles and sea snakes (reptiles). Fish are representatives of swimming animals in the ocean. They are distributed in coastal, pelagic and deep-sea waters. Their species and quantity rank first among aquatic animals. In addition, there are swimming seabirds. Although swimming animals are widely distributed in the ocean, they are still mostly found in nearshore and shallow sea waters. Because the solar energy in the ocean is reduced by half at a depth of one meter. At a depth of 200 to 400 meters, the incoming sunlight is extremely weak and it is difficult for phytoplankton to survive; the remains of animals and plants that fall from the upper seawater to the depths and can be used as food are It is also limited, so there are not many swimming animals in deep water. These animals have many special organs and abilities to adapt to the environment. For example, some fish have extremely developed vision, and some fish have tactile organs to adapt to dark life in deep water. Environmental Protection The ocean has huge self-purification capabilities (see Environmental Self-Purification). After pollutants enter the ocean, they are continuously diffused, diluted, oxidized, reduced and degraded under the combined effects of physics, chemistry, biology and geology. However, pollutants discharged during human consumption and production activities either migrate through rivers or enter the ocean through atmospheric deposition; or are directly caused by human activities on the ocean (such as ship dumping waste, oil tanker accidents, and seabed mineral mining). Entering the ocean and exceeding the ocean's self-purification capacity will cause pollution in certain sea areas (see water pollution). Marine pollution has destroyed the ecological balance of the ocean, and incidents that endanger human health continue to occur. Marine protection has attracted more and more people's attention. The main tasks of marine environmental protection are: conducting surveys and monitoring of marine pollution to understand the quality of the marine environment; studying the impact of marine pollution on marine ecosystems, such as the accumulation, transfer and concentration processes of pollutants in marine organisms, and the impact of pollution on the ocean. The ecological balance of biological communities and the impact of marine biological production capacity; study the impact of ocean development on the environment; study the law of ocean self-purification, etc. In addition, research on technical measures to prevent and control marine pollution has also been carried out. Quality standards Marine environment (quality) standards refer to a scale for determining and measuring the quality of the marine environment. It is legally binding and is generally divided into three categories, namely seawater quality standards, marine sediment standards and marine organism residual toxicity standards. There are usually two processes involved in developing standards. First of all, it is necessary to determine the "benchmark" of marine environmental quality, and through investigation and research, grasp the basic situation of environmental elements, the types and concentrations of pollutants in seawater and sediments, and the residual amounts of various pollutants in organisms within a certain period; Investigation Under different environmental conditions, the impact of various concentrations of pollutants, and appropriate environmental indicators are selected, only on this basis can the benchmark be determined. Secondly, the determination of "standards" must consider the self-purification capacity or environmental capacity of the applicable sea area, as well as the social and economic affordability of the area. Pollution Control The global environment is gradually deteriorating, and the ocean, with 71% of its area, occupies a large proportion of it. And for our country, the continuous reduction of offshore fishery resources is largely caused by marine pollution.

Therefore, while the marine economy continues to provide driving force and support for my country's economic development, it is also urgent to solve the problem of marine environmental pollution. Among them, ship pollution is an important aspect of marine environmental pollution. It is understood that 35% of marine environmental pollution is caused by ship pollution, especially oil pollution. Since 1983, the country has discharged an average of more than 100,000 tons of oil directly into the offshore every year, of which 42,000 tons are from land, 46,000 tons are discharged from offshore oil exploration and transportation, and 46,000 tons are discharged from other ship activities. 12,000 tons. At a press conference held by the State Oceanic Administration on June 25, 2012, Shi Qingfeng, spokesperson and office director of the State Oceanic Administration, also pointed out that environmental pollution in some of my country’s coastal waters is still serious, and the seawater quality is classified as worse than Category 4. The sea area is about 44,000 square kilometers, which is higher than the average level of 32,000 square kilometers during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period. Seriously polluted areas are mainly distributed in large and medium-sized estuaries, bays and the coastal waters of some large and medium-sized cities, with the Yangtze River Delta being the most serious. As one of the important ports in my country's coastal areas, Lianyungang Port in Jiangsu Province (3.53,0.09,2.62%) is vigorously carrying out port construction and its throughput is constantly increasing. At the same time, its marine environmental pollution situation has also attracted the attention of relevant national departments. . The main pollutants causing ship pollution include oily sewage, domestic sewage and ship garbage. A reporter from China Business News learned from an interview with the Lianyungang Maritime Safety Bureau that the main sources of oily sewage are as follows: First, in some ports, there are cases where ships entering and exiting the port discharge sewage at will. In addition, ship repair yards, There are also cases of tugs and oil tankers that are seriously "oil-hungry" secretly discharging waste oil into the sea. Secondly, there are currently many old ships with high energy consumption and heavy pollution in operation in our country. Such operating structures are also related to ship pollution. relationship; thirdly, oil pollution caused by maritime traffic accidents is also an important factor causing ship pollution. According to statistics, from 1973 to 2009, 2,821 ship oil spill accidents occurred along the coast of my country, with an average of one every 4 to 5 days. my country's ship oil spill accidents have entered a period of high incidence. Therefore, the "Regulations on the Administration of the Prevention and Control of Ship Pollution to the Marine Environment" proposes the establishment of a series of new systems such as a compulsory insurance system for civil liability for ship oil pollution damage and a ship oil pollution damage compensation fund. Moreover, the China Shipbuilding (19.78,-0.17,-0.85%) oil pollution fund began to be levied on July 1, 2010. It marks that after more than ten years of efforts from all walks of life, based on the establishment of the ship oil pollution insurance system in 2010 with reference to international practices, my country has also established a ship oil pollution compensation mechanism in which ship owners and oil cargo owners share equal liability, thereby further The ship oil pollution damage compensation system with Chinese characteristics has been improved. In order to further strengthen the management of marine environmental pollution, my country issued the "Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Marine Environmental Pollution from Ships and Related Operations" in 2010 to carry out targeted management. Among them, the targeted management body implements the registration management of operating units, the implementation of operation application and approval management, and the implementation of operation site supervision and inspection. According to the person in charge of the relevant department of the Lianyungang Maritime Safety Administration, a complete ship pollution prevention system has been established, which not only meets the requirements of legal administration in terms of system construction, but also provides legal protection for the prevention and control of ship pollution of the marine environment, and also further guides and regulates It improves the behavior of the competent authorities and administrative counterparts, makes ships and their related operating activities more orderly and standardized, and makes the responsibilities of the competent authorities in managing public affairs and providing public services clearer. Moreover, improving the safety and pollution prevention level of ships and related operations is of great significance to reducing the pollution risks caused by ships and related operations to the marine environment, and reducing pollution damage to the natural environment, aquaculture and tourism resources, etc. . As the global environment gradually deteriorates, the problem of marine environmental pollution has become more and more of a concern to society. For the control of marine pollution, not only individuals, groups, and organizations must enhance environmental awareness and consciously do a good job in marine environmental protection, but also relevant national departments must increase law enforcement and strengthen the protection of the marine environment through relevant laws and regulations and other hard measures. .