Reading the Chronicle of Mao (139): Chen Changhao's Sad Life (I): A good hand, but a bad hand.

1On October 30th, Mao Zedong attended the The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) meeting of the Communist Party of China to discuss the lessons of the failure of the marked army.

Chen Changhao, Chairman of the Military and Political Committee of the marked army and political commissar of the marked army, made a review report.

In his speech, he pointed out that the essence of Zhang's line is escapism, warlordism and anti-party and anti-central line.

Since then, Chen Changhao has gradually retired from history, and few people pay attention to it.

Recalling his life experience, I was quite emotional.

1August, 906, Chen Changhao was born in Daijiazhuang, Yonganbao, Hanyang County, Wuhan (now caidian district, Wuhan). I studied at Wuchang University in my early years. 1926 joined the Communist Youth League of China * * *, and 1927 served as the Minister of Propaganda Department of Hubei Provincial Committee of the Communist Youth League in May. After the failure of the Great Revolution, Chen Changhao persisted in the underground struggle in Wuhan for a period of time.

1September, 927, was selected by the organization to study at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, Soviet Union. On the occasion of parting from his wife and his eldest son, Chen Zuze, who has been pregnant for several months, Chen Changhao named the unborn child "Yang Sheng" (Chen Zutao), which means "Father was born when he went abroad".

Shortly after arriving in the Soviet Union, Chen Changhao became China's preparatory party member. He and Wang Ming, Bo Gu, Zhang Wentian and others are collectively called "twenty-eight Bolsheviks".

1930, Chen Changhao returned to Shanghai, 12, and became the official party member of the Communist Youth League of China. He is a member of the Standing Committee of the Communist Youth League in jiangsu provincial party committee and the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League.

193 1 April, dispatched by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, arranged by Gu personally, Chen Changhao followed Zhang, a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee at that time, disguised as a businessman, and took a boat from Shanghai Yangshupu Wharf to Hubei, Henan and Anhui revolutionary base areas. As a member of the Central Branch of the Communist Party of China and the Revolutionary Military Commission, and a member of the Central Branch of the Communist Youth League in Hubei, Henan and Anhui (less * * * *).

In late June, at the party member Congress of the Hubei, Henan and Anhui Soviet Area held in Xinji, Henan, Chen Changhao was elected as the Standing Committee of the Central Branch of Hubei, Henan and Anhui and the Director of the Political Department of the Revolutionary Military Commission. In mid-September, Chen Changhao was appointed as a political commissar of Gong4 Army.

193 1 year165438+1October 7th, the Red Fourth Front Army was established, with Chen Changhao as the commander-in-chief and political commissar. Chen Changhao became the direct commander of this powerful team at the age of 25.

193110 On the morning of February 22nd, Chen Changhao took the first plane of our army "Lenin" (1930 February, the plane of Sichuan warlord Liu Xiang was forced to land in the Hubei, Henan and Anhui Soviet area, and was named "Lenin" by the soldiers and civilians in the Soviet area, which was the first plane of our army. Later, he participated in and directed famous battles such as Huang Shang, Sujiabao and Huangguang.

1932 and 10, the fourth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression" in the base areas of Hubei, Henan and Anhui failed, and Zhang, Chen Changhao and Xu were forced to lead the Red Fourth Front Army into Qinling and Daba Mountains. After passing through several important towns in the northeast of Liankechuan, the Sichuan-Shaanxi revolutionary base was established.

1In June, 933, after successfully crushing the "three-way siege" of Sichuan warlord Tian, the Red Fourth Army held a military meeting in Wangcangmumen, expanding the original four divisions into four armies, and determined that the highest military leading organ was the Northwest Revolutionary Military Commission, with Zhang as chairman, Chen Changhao and Xu as vice-chairmen and chief of staff.

The Northwest Revolutionary Military Commission consists of the Army General Command, the General Political Commissar and the General Political Department, with Xu as the commander-in-chief, Wang Shusheng as the deputy commander-in-chief, and Chen Changhao as the general political commissar and director of the General Political Department. Later, he participated in and directed the "Six-way Siege" campaign and the Jialing River campaign against Sichuan warlord Liu Xiang.

This is probably the most brilliant time in his life.

1934 65438+ 10, at the fifth plenary session of the sixth central Committee, Chen Changhao was co-elected as an alternate member of the central Committee and was elected as an executive member of the central Committee of the Chinese Soviet Union.

1in March, 935, the Red Fourth Army under the direct command of Chen Changhao established the Sichuan-Shaanxi revolutionary base area, becoming the second largest Soviet area in China after the Central Soviet Area.

In May, 1935, Zhang, Chen Changhao and Xu were forced to lead the Red Fourth Front Army in the Sichuan-Shaanxi Revolutionary Base.

During the Long March, after the first and fourth armies joined forces, Zhang relied on his own strength to expand Mazhuang and had the idea of seizing power.

1935, 18 In July, at the behest of Zhang, Chen Changhao called the Central Committee and suggested that Zhang should be the chairman of the Military Commission and Zhu De should be the commander-in-chief of the former enemy.

In order to maintain the unity of the two armies and stabilize Zhang, the Central Military Commission appointed Zhang as the general political commissar of the Red Army. At the same time, the Central Military Commission decided to set up the former enemy headquarters, with Xu as the commander-in-chief, Chen Changhao as the political commissar, and awarded the Red Star medals to Chen and Xu Jin.

On August 4th, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held a Shawo meeting, co-opted Chen Changhao and Xu as members of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, and appointed Chen as the director of the General Political Department of the Red Army.

After the meeting, the Red Fourth Army was mixed into the left and right armies: the left army was led by Zhang, Zhu De and Liu Bocheng; The army on the right was led by Chen Changhao and Xu, and the Central Committee followed the army on the right.

At the end of August, the right army successfully passed through the grassland, and the Red Fourth Army controlled by Chen Changhao successfully carried out the battle of seat protection, which laid the foundation for the left army to go north.

On the night of September 9, the situation was urgent. Mao Zedong made a last-ditch attempt for Chen Changhao and led the Red Army to leave overnight.

In times of crisis, Ye Jianying not only sent a secret telegram to Mao Zedong, but also resolutely followed Mao Zedong northward. At the critical moment, Xu said the famous saying that "the Red Army does not fight the Red Army".

Chen Changhao, on the other hand, led the main army on the right to follow Zhang Nan. Zhang set up a "Central Committee", and Chen Changhao actually agreed with Zhang's behavior.

Due to the fundamental mistakes in line and policy, the Red Fourth Front Army's "massive southward advance" soon failed, and its total strength dropped sharply from 80,000 to 40,000. Under the intensive work of He Long, Ren, Zhu De and Liu Bocheng, Chen Changhao, who experienced the painful lesson of going south, changed his attitude towards Zhang and urged Zhang to go north again.

1936 10 after the success of the three main forces of the red army, the central government decided to implement the Ningxia campaign plan. Later, the Ningxia campaign was changed to the Western Expedition. 1936165438+1October, marked army marched into Gulang, Yongchang and Shandan in three columns.

The first battle was successful, but under the siege of Ma Jiajun's superior forces, marked troops lost one after another. By February of 1937, the total strength of the flag army was less than 1 10,000, and the number of casualties was 1/3, which was very critical. 13, the military and political Committee of the marked army called the Central Committee and said: "After careful consideration and based on the lessons of more than 100 days of hard struggle, we believe that the Fourth Army and the Thirty-first Army cannot return to the organizational system to attack the Second Horse at this time, so the marked army cannot complete the task of marching westward. Determined to seize the opportunity to attack the enemies of Ganzhou and Guofu, the weather turned to Xining and Datong as soon as it got warmer. Because fighting cannot fundamentally defeat the enemy, it is really unfavorable to continue for a long time. "

On June 5438+07, the Central Committee sent a telegram to Chen Xu, agreeing to look for opportunities to break (the enemy) in neighboring areas, disagreeing with the idea that the marked army left Datong, Qinghai, and pointing out: "How much do you know about your past political mistakes?" What degree of self-criticism and change? We believe that your future victory is related to the correct understanding and thorough transformation of past political mistakes. Do you think so? "

This telegram closely linked the issue of the course of action at that time with the issue of the political line in history, and put political pressure on the military and political committee members of the marked army, especially Chairman Chen Changhao. On the evening of February 2 1, with Chen Changhao's tenacious insistence, the marked army, which had already broken through, returned to Nijiaying. Under the siege of horse bandits, the troops suffered heavy losses.

On 24th, Chen Changhao and Xu sent an urgent telegram to report the danger. While expressing their determination to "fight to the last drop of blood", they begged the central authorities to deploy "eight infantry regiments and one or two thousand cavalry" to help. On the 26th, the presidium of the Central Military Commission sent a telegram asking them to "persist for 50 days".

In the case of running out of ammunition and food, heavy casualties and the extinction of Ma Jiajun, it was finally forced to break through. On March 14, only 3,000 marked troops withdrew to Shiwoshan, Sunan County, where the last meeting of the marked military and political committee was held, and it was decided to organize the remaining troops into three teams and disperse their actions.

1June, 937, Chen Changhao went to yingshan county, Hubei Province, an old revolutionary base area, where he planned to raise the banner of righteousness and establish an anti-Japanese armed force. However, the local reactionary armed forces were arrogant, and Chen Changhao's wish could not be realized.

In desperation, Chen Changhao returned to Hankou, met his mother, wife and children after a long absence of 10, and then rushed to northern Shaanxi to accept the arrangement of the organization.

References:

Mao Zedong chronicle

Song: The Emotional World of Chen Changhao, General Political Commissar of the Red Fourth Front Army.

Luo: The ups and downs of Chen Changhao, the general political commissar of the Red Fourth Army.